Pasture cycle planting technology

(a) Pasture sowing technology

Different pasture seeds have different sowing periods and should be sown according to the sowing period. Annual forage grasses such as soil moisture is good, to try to seize the early. Perennial forage grasses such as soil moisture is not good, can be sown before the arrival of the rainy season, but the sowing period can not be later than the end of July. Some fescue seeds have a high rate of hardening, and need to be treated with broken shells before sowing. Green mowing of pasture grass should be moderately dense planting, stay planted pasture grass suitable for sparse planting, stay planted with the amount of pasture seed sowing is equivalent to the amount of green mowing sowing 2/3, sets of seeds, inter-seeding and mixed seed sowing discretionary reduction. After sowing, should also pay attention to the daily management of pasture grass, weeding, irrigation, fertilization and pest control can not be less.

(2) Harvesting and storage of pasture grass

1. Green mowing

The yield of pasture grass in different reproductive periods is different, and the quality is also very different. With the prolongation of the growth stage, the crude protein content of the pasture gradually decreased, while the crude fiber content that is not easily digested and absorbed by livestock increased significantly. However, mowing too early is low yield, so it is necessary to determine an optimal mowing period. Generally speaking, the appropriate mowing period for grass forage is the tasseling stage, while for legume forage is the apparent bud to the first flower stage. For perennial pasture, mowing is not only a product harvest, but also a field management measures, because the mowing period is appropriate, whether the stubble is appropriate (general stubble 5 ~ 8cm), are on the growth and development of pasture grass has a great impact.

2. Sun-made hay

High-quality hay has a high nutritional value, good palatability, and all kinds of livestock like to eat. Storing a sufficient amount of hay can ensure that livestock in the winter and spring lack of grass in the nutritional needs of the season, improve livestock resistance to natural disasters, enhance the stability of the livestock industry. Graminaceous forage grass stems and leaves dry at a more consistent rate and are easier to solarize. The legume forage grass stem, leaf drying time is different, leaf drying fast and stem drying slow, sun process leaf large loss, seriously reduce the nutritional value of hay. Sun-making hay should first consider the local climate characteristics, choose to carry out in sunny days. After mowing the local flat spread, sunny days after drying 1 day, leaf withering, moisture content fell to 45% ~ 50% or so, at this time it will be piled into a 1m high heap, after 2 ~ 3 days can be transported back to the corral near the stacking and storage. Sunning process to prevent rain, mold, in order to ensure the quality of hay, at the same time to reduce the loss of pasture leaves.

3. Forage silage

Silage is the best way to ensure the nutritional value of forage. The principle is in the sealed anaerobic conditions through lactic acid bacteria fermentation to make the silage become acidic, inhibit other microbial activities that cause spoilage, so that silage can be preserved for a long time. Gramineous forage contains more carbohydrates, easy to silage. Legume forage contains more protein, single storage is not easy to succeed, it is appropriate to mix with grass forage silage. The moisture content of the forage should be between 65% and 75% during silage. Legume forage can also be low moisture silage or semi-dry silage, that is, in the legume forage mowing and drying 1 day, so that the moisture content of 45% to 50%, cut short, compacted and sealed. This kind of silage, due to the lower water content, dry matter content is higher than the general silage 1 times, contains more nutrients, less loss, good palatability, both hay and silage both features, this is a good way to solve the problem of legume pasture grass silage.

In order to improve the quality of silage, it is necessary to add suitable additives in the process of silage, and the commonly used additives are ammonia, urea, formic acid, enzyme preparation, lactic acid fermentation agent, salt, molasses and other substances.

(C) forage feeding technology

While various methods of forage feeding animals are different, they all basically follow the following principles:

(1) Timed feeding. Let the animal as soon as possible to form a conditioned reflex, can greatly improve the utilization rate of forage. Feed more grass during the day and more concentrate at night.

(2) Coarse first, then concentrate. Generally feed roughage first, then feed concentrate. For ruminants, this method has great benefits for rumen digestion. And when the peak feeding period is over, a small amount of green roughage should be left in the trough for free feeding.

(3) Gradual transition. If you want to change the pasture species, it should be from less to more, gradual transition. If the sudden replacement, especially when feeding grass mignonette and other odorous roughage, often produce a stress reaction, resulting in animal refusal to eat.

(4) Ensure drinking water. There should be a special tank to supply clean drinking water, especially in the concentrate feed, hay feeding too much or hot weather, it should ensure adequate drinking water, cold weather should also supply warm water.

(5) Mixed feeding. The nutrients contained in pasture grass are extremely rich, but the proportion of nutrients in a single species is unbalanced and may lack certain nutrients. Feeding with one kind of forage alone cannot ensure that the animals get the required nutrients, so the forage should be mixed and fed. Tang Shaoxun (2005) found through in vitro fermentation gas production tests that a combination of Rumex and pasture at 50:50, pasture and clover at 25:75, and Rumex and clover at 25:75 was more suitable. In addition, substances such as concentrate, vitamins and trace elements should be provided.