What psychotherapy methods are there?

Psychotherapy, also known as psychotherapy, refers to that doctors or other people use words, expressions, attitudes or actions to influence patients, so as to adjust patients' emotions and feelings, change their understanding and attitudes towards diseases, help the elderly to establish confidence in overcoming diseases, and achieve the purpose of alleviating illness and restoring health. The basic forms of psychotherapy are: group therapy, individual therapy and behavioral therapy, all of which change the old conditioned reflex and establish normal psychological and new behavioral responses through presentation, guidance and comfort, explanation and encouragement, persuasion and suggestion, systematic desensitization, aversion therapy and self-adjustment. Many elderly people are frail and sickly, and they are prone to diseases such as hypochondria, phobia, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder and cancer in their later years. At present, there is no specific medicine for this kind of disease in China, and it is all solved by psychotherapy. The specific methods of psychotherapy are:

(1) Enlightening method: Enlighten and relax his thoughts, thus alleviating his illness and inhibiting the development of senile diseases. Even though some diseases of the elderly can be treated by drugs or surgery, if combined with some psychotherapy, patients' diseases will recover faster and the recurrence rate of old diseases will be significantly reduced.

(2) Shouting therapy: it is a popular psychotherapy in some western countries, which is suitable for neurosis, hysteria, or "emotional disorder" people who have been delirious and depressed for a long time due to major stimulation. The specific method is: let the patient lie comfortably on the examination bed, and the doctor holds his (her) hand kindly, telling him (her) to vent his (her) inner words publicly and shout casually until he feels happy. In this way, the heavy mental burden or lingering bitterness is removed, and after several such treatments, the condition can be alleviated and returned to normal.

(3) Emotion regulation method: "Yin-Yang Emotion" is a program of the theory of seven emotions, and its essence is the so-called bipolar state of emotions in psychology, which is manifested as the opposition between affirmation and negation, such as satisfaction and dissatisfaction, happiness and sadness, positive and negative, tension and relaxation, and strong and weak bipolar state. The polarity of emotions is complementary to each other and can be transformed into each other under certain conditions. It is not uncommon to treat diseases with this kind of emotional two-level treatment, whether it is medicine or psychotherapy. Laughing is a normal emotional activity and a positive emotion. But excessive laughter, long-term failure to recover, will become a pathogenic factor. The treatment is to change the direction of "hi" stimulation or reduce the amount of "hi" stimulation. One is the way of affirming emotions, that is, taking happiness as a means to relieve sad and excellent emotions; The second is the handling of negative emotions, that is, using unhappiness as a means to correct excessive excitement with sadness.

The specific implementation steps of hypnotic suggestion therapy for psychosomatic diseases are as follows:

(1) Measure the hypnotic sensitivity of patients, teach relaxation methods, and let patients focus on the performer.

(2) After entering the hypnotic state, explore and reveal the psychological contradictions and crux of patients, as well as the degree of influence of these contradictions and crux on patients, patients' evaluation and attitude towards them.

(3) Improve mood, improve patients' social adaptability, and help patients understand their personality problems.

(4) Help patients correctly understand and understand the relationship between psychology and disease, and eliminate the reaction of new psychological stress brought by physical diseases to the body. Direct suggestion therapy for physical symptoms.

Take asthma as an example. Hypnosis is conducted after hypnotic sensitivity test. In order to improve the symptoms of anxiety, depression, dyspnea and so on under hypnosis, it is suggested in a firm tone: "Your breathing has gradually stabilized under hypnosis, and you are in a relaxed, comfortable and peaceful state. Breathe fresh air in the morning, and the air is full of oxygen, and your lung function has returned to normal." Any bad stimulation in the future will not cause chest tightness and shortness of breath, and any climate change will not be affected. The asthma has been cured. Now you are fresh and happy. Remember, when you wake up, your breathing will be more even and unobstructed. No more wheezing and chest tightness in the future. "

Hypnosis can also lead patients to imagine: "You are in a hypnotic state and you are in a very happy mood at the moment. You lie on the lawn with fresh air, look up at the blue sky and enjoy this relaxing and happy moment in this natural paradise! My mind is very calm, my breathing is smooth, my asthma has healed, and I will never gasp again. "

Allergic colitis is a common psychosomatic disease. Under hypnosis, it is mainly to explore the psychological factors that cause diseases, analyze, explain and guide them, eliminate nervous emotions, and then hint at the symptoms: "Under hypnosis, you will feel comfortable in the abdomen, the intestinal function will return to normal, the phenomenon of intestinal allergy will no longer exist, abdominal pain will disappear, and intestinal peristalsis will be normal. Diarrhea has stopped and there will be no abdominal pain and diarrhea in the future. " "You experience a warm and comfortable feeling in the abdomen ..." When the patient experiences this feeling, strengthen the hint; "yes! Abdominal pain and diarrhea have stopped, and there will be no abdominal pain and diarrhea in the future. Allergic enteritis is cured, energy is restored, memory is enhanced, and nutrition is improved ... "Finally, wake up the patient. Although the tip is so simple, the effect is great and there is no cure.

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As for drug treatment, it means prescribing, and sometimes there is the placebo effect mentioned above. The general drug is Prozac or something.