Talking about the bidding based on the valuation mode of bill of quantities?

Talking about Bidding _ Week _ Building Economy _ Building China Network Based on Bill of Quantities Pricing Model This paper starts with the disadvantages of the traditional quota pricing model, analyzes the advantages of bill of quantities pricing, and the main procedures for implementation and how to strengthen management in the actual operation process, so as to better control the project cost.

Starting with the disadvantages of the traditional quota pricing model, this paper analyzes the advantages of bill of quantities pricing, the main procedures of implementation and how to strengthen management and better control the project cost in the actual operation process. Keywords pricing model; Bill of quantities; With the development of market economy, the problems caused by the limitation of construction project pricing method and the imperfection of bidding system are increasingly prominent. The original pricing model can no longer meet the needs of modern economic development and can not achieve the real purpose of bidding. After China's entry into WTO, the construction market has been further opened to the outside world, and the project valuation method has gradually been in line with international standards. Since 2003, when China implemented the Code for Valuation with Bill of Quantities of Construction Projects, scholars in the industry have focused on the research of bidding theory, but a complete theoretical system has not been formed. The implementation of the bill of quantities valuation method is a concrete embodiment of the reform idea of "controlling quantity, liberalizing price, pricing independently by enterprises, and finally forming price by the market", which is conducive to giving full play to the competitiveness of individual costs of enterprises and standardizing the valuation behavior in project bidding. First, the bill of quantities valuation model Bill of quantities lists all the projects and contents to be implemented according to the location, nature, quantity, unit price and total price of the project as stipulated in the contract, and serves as the basis for calculating the project price after bidding. Bill of quantities is an important part of the contract. At present, most countries adopt bill of quantities valuation method, and after China's entry into WTO, it means that it must be operated according to internationally recognized rules of the game. Therefore, the previous quota pricing model must be reformed. The bill of quantities starts from the overall situation, pays attention to the quality of the project, and truly reflects the actual situation of the project, making it possible for construction enterprises to make their own pricing. Compared with the current bidding method, the bill of quantities bidding method in China has the following advantages: the bill of quantities is the basis for compiling the pre-tender estimate of the bidding project, bidding quotation and adjusting the engineering quantity when the project is settled. Bidding with bill of quantities can simplify the calculation process of bidding quotation, shorten the bidding quotation time and provide a fair, open and just competitive environment for bidding. 1. The bill of quantities valuation conforms to the law of market economy operation and market competition, which can significantly improve the efficiency of capital use of owners, promote the construction enterprises to speed up technological progress and innovation, improve management, improve labor productivity, and determine a reasonable construction plan; 2. Taking the bill of quantities as the valuation method, the tendering unit is not responsible for engineering changes or calculation errors, but only responsible for its own quoted costs and unit prices, which is conducive to the implementation of risk management; 3. Bidding with bill of quantities is conducive to the management and control of the pre-tender estimate, and the pre-tender estimate may not even be prepared when appropriate, which fundamentally eliminates the negative impact brought by the accuracy and leakage of the pre-tender estimate. Under the condition of market economy, contractors participate in bidding competition through the construction market and earn profits by completing the project according to the construction contract, so as to seek the survival and development of enterprises. The owner obtained the qualified project, put the project into use and operation, and realized the investment value. The long-term quota pricing model has a single goal, only paying attention to the one-time calculation of project cost in the bidding stage, and rarely considering the process control of project cost. The implementation of the bill of quantities pricing model can establish a dynamic control system to track and manage the construction process and operation quality of each grass-roots unit. Second, the main procedures of bidding work under the mode of bill of quantities valuation. The tenderer shall provide a unified bill of quantities and tender documents, which shall be used as the basis for bidding quotation. According to the current quota, combined with its own characteristics, considering the cost of competitive venues, technical measures and risks, the unit price and total price are finally determined for bidding. At present, this method is widely used in the world, which matches the international engineering contract text and project management model. In our country, the application of bill of quantities valuation model in bidding work and bold exploration of winning the bid at a reasonable low price meet the development needs of the current construction market. In qualified cities and engineering projects, in accordance with the unified engineering quantity calculation rules and engineering project division regulations issued by the construction administrative department, pilot projects such as bidding with bill of quantities and winning the bid at a reasonable low price will be carried out, and the engineering price will be determined by the market under the national macro-control. Therefore, the implementation of bill of quantities valuation is completely feasible. (1) bidding stage 1. The proposed project of the owner shall be submitted to the construction administrative department for examination and approval, and an application for bidding shall be submitted; Issuing tender announcement: The owner (or entrusted tendering agency) publishes the project tender information to unspecified construction contractors through newspapers, professional journals, information networks and other public media. If it is an invitation to bid, send an invitation to bid to the selected contractor, paying attention to not less than three. 2. After the completion of the project scheme, preliminary design or part of the construction drawing design, the tenderee entrusts the tendering agency to calculate and list the bill of quantities of all subdivisional works in accordance with the unified rules for the calculation of quantities, and distribute it to all bidders as an integral part of the tender documents, and submit the tender application to the tendering management agency for the record; The bidding documents are compiled by the owner (or entrusted bidding agency), and generally include the comprehensive description of the project, the scope and requirements of bidding, design documents and drawings, main contract terms, bid evaluation methods and other main contents. In addition to the routine contents, the owner should focus on determining and solving the following problems when compiling the bidding documents: (1) contract form; (2) the form of the contract price; (3) Application for letter of guarantee or deposit; (4) Procurement and supply of materials and equipment; (5) Quality and time limit for a project requirements and rewards and punishments; (6) engineering insurance; (7) Other expenses and problems. In addition, the owner must clearly stipulate the calculation rules of quantities in the tender documents, that is to say, there must be a unified division of sub-projects and a unified unit of measurement and a unified calculation rule of quantities. 3. The tendering agency calculates the comprehensive unit price according to the bill of quantities, the prices of labor, materials and machinery, and the charging standards and procedures drawn up by the current tendering unit, and finally summarizes them into the pre-tender estimate. (There is no need to set the pre-tender price for the list bidding) (2) Bidding stage 1. The bidding applicant fills in the prequalification form of the bidding unit, and can participate in the project bidding after passing the prequalification; 2. Under the supervision of relevant departments, the tenderer will hold a pre-bid meeting, distribute bidding documents and various technical documents to enterprises that have passed the qualification examination, and organize bidders to conduct on-site inspections; 3. The bidder shall review the bill of quantities after carefully studying the bidding documents, the rules for compiling the bill of quantities and the design drawings, and put forward the unclear places to the tenderer. The tenderer shall hold a pre-tender estimate meeting according to the time agreed in the tender documents, clearly answer all questions raised by the bidders, record them in the form of meeting minutes and distribute them to all bidders as the basis for unified adjustment. 4. The bidder shall determine the bid unit price and total price according to the unified bill of quantities in the bidding documents, and carefully prepare the construction organization design documents. Make a correct construction plan, adopt reasonable construction technology and mechanical equipment, effectively organize material supply and procurement, arrange construction in a balanced way, make rational use of human resources and reduce material loss. 5. The bidding documents shall be sealed according to the requirements of the bidding documents and delivered to the construction engineering trading center on time. At the same time, the bidder shall make detailed records. (III) Bid Evaluation and Calibration Stage In the bid evaluation, the comprehensive evaluation of the total quotation and the itemized quotation should be realized when evaluating the quotation of the bidder. The total price meets the requirements does not mean that the single quotation meets the requirements, and the lowest total price does not mean that the single quotation is the lowest. Bidders often know that under the condition of keeping the total cost unchanged, the unit price of the project with little change in engineering quantity will be reduced, and the unit price of the project with great change will be increased, so as to achieve the purpose of adding project funds when the project is completed and settled. In addition, it is necessary to comprehensively evaluate the unit price and the corresponding engineering quantity, and the unit price with large engineering quantity should be analyzed emphatically. It is also necessary to comprehensively evaluate the unit price and work content, construction scheme and technology, and select the appropriate construction unit. 1. The tenderer shall hold a bid opening meeting at the specified time and place according to the requirements of the tender documents, which shall be presided over by the tenderer and supervised by the administrative departments of discipline inspection, supervision, notarization and construction; 2. Under the supervision of relevant departments, the tenderee randomly selects experts from the bid evaluation expert database of the construction engineering trading center, and the number of experts must comply with the Bidding Law, OrderNo. 12 of the State Planning Commission and relevant laws and regulations of local governments at all levels. At the same time, combined with the characteristics of the bill of quantities quotation, there must be 2 ~ 3 experts who are proficient in project cost management, so as to verify, evaluate and score the business bid in detail in the bid evaluation process; 3. Experts review and score the bids, and under the supervision of relevant departments, recommend the reasonable lowest bid price to the bidders according to the bid evaluation method specified in the tender documents, and the tenderee determines the winning bidder recommended by the bid evaluation committee accordingly; 4. The tenderer announces the winning bidder, and issues a bid-winning notice to the winning bidder within the date specified in the tender documents, and notifies the unsuccessful bidders at the same time; 5. The tenderee shall submit the filing materials to the construction administrative department and sign the construction contract with the winning bidder in time. Third, how to strengthen the management of bidding work under the valuation mode of bill of quantities. Under the valuation mode of bill of quantities, construction enterprises should start from three stages: the early quotation period, the quotation preparation period and the quotation decision-making period. In the early stage of quotation, establish the decision-making body of project quotation, organize and manage all the activities of bidding quotation, and read the bidding documents carefully to avoid omission of quotation. Bidders attend the pre-bid meeting and investigate the construction site to fully understand the site location, storage space loading and unloading restrictions and any other conditions that affect the contract price, understand competitors and investigate the market situation, such as building materials, construction equipment, fuel, electricity, labor market, etc. , collect bidding information and estimate the quotation level. According to their own management level and economic strength, formulate bidding quotations. The owner optimizes the combination from the aspects of project quality, construction period and capital. For construction enterprises, only by understanding the owner's intention and distinguishing the quotation can we grasp the initiative and improve the winning rate.

In the stage of quotation preparation, in order to reduce unnecessary risks, it is necessary to investigate the site before preparing the tender, and learn more about the environment, natural conditions, production and living conditions of the project site. The construction method and technology are related to the construction period and closely related to the project cost and quotation. Before setting the price, the unit price of labor, materials and machinery involved in the project must be widely inquired. Group pricing is the only way to obtain quotation, and quotation is the core of bidding, the core of winning the bid and the key factor of profitability. Therefore, the construction technology, mechanical equipment and materials must be selected reasonably. Effectively organize material supply and procurement, arrange construction in a balanced way, rationally use human resources, reduce material consumption, reduce project cost, shorten construction period and effectively use resources. In the decision-making bidding stage, in order to avoid heavy losses due to the quoted unit price, the construction enterprise must carefully and accurately identify and evaluate all kinds of risks in the bidding and construction of the proposed project, and judge the possible losses caused by risk events, which will eventually be reflected in the quoted unit price of quantities. In the engineering construction stage, we should first formulate a set of perfect management methods for measurement, payment and change, emphasize pre-control, strengthen process control and improve post-control. In the engineering construction process, cost personnel go deep into the site to collect relevant information, check the accuracy, completeness and timeliness of engineering changes and on-site visas, and strictly manage on-site visas. Even if the engineering cost changes are mastered, market changes and changes in the project itself will have an impact on the project cost due to the long construction period. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the dynamic tracking control of project cost, so that decision makers are always in an active position in project management. Four. Problems and Countermeasures in Bidding Supervision Although the bidding of construction projects in China is basically supervised and managed in accordance with the policies and regulations in the Bidding Law, there are still some problems in supervision and management at this stage. For example, although many areas publish tender announcements on designated or authorized newspaper websites according to the regulations, there are many phenomena such as improving qualifications, shortening registration time and rejecting potential bidders. At present, there is no unified pre-qualification standard in China, so it is difficult to select shortlisted teams scientifically and reasonably, and the management system and mechanism of bid evaluation expert database need to be improved. In order to win the malicious competition of agents, the illegal activities of bidding agents are increasing day by day, which has gradually become a new focus issue in the construction industry. In view of the problems existing in the current bidding supervision, we should proceed from reality, improve the pre-filing system of bidding announcement and establish the credit file of bidding agency. Improve the pre-qualification methods, implement computer system scoring, and implement dynamic management of bid evaluation expert database to ensure fair and just bid evaluation according to laws and regulations. Standardize the construction market, improve the transparency of project transactions, strengthen the supervision of bidding agencies, and improve the quality of bidding work. V. Conclusion The application of bill of quantities valuation in bidding is an inevitable requirement for the development of construction industry under the market economy system and a reasonable market pricing model. It can promote construction enterprises to pay attention to technological progress and improve management level. In a word, the mechanism of bidding under the mode of bill of quantities valuation lies in the mutual influence and promotion in the process, which promotes the integration of bidding work in China with international practices. Reference [1] Lu Yong. Project bidding management under bill of quantities [J]. Forum, 2007. [2] Wang. Engineering bidding under the valuation mode of bill of quantities [J]. Journal of Lanzhou University of Technology, 2005. [3] Zhang Guangming and Zhang Yan. Bidding decision under the valuation mode of bill of quantities [J].2007.[4] Chu Wen Zhen. Study on Bidding Quotation under the Mode of Bill of Quantities [J]. Journal of Hefei University of Technology, 2007. [5] Li Ling. Discussion on the valuation mode of bill of quantities and related issues of bidding [J]. Journal of Wuhu Vocational and Technical College, 2007. [6] Chen Yunyan. Reflections on the reform of valuation mode of bill of quantities [J]. Management Science, 2007.

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