Management information system why information processing methods and means are diverse

I. There are two main strategies for developing management information systems: "bottom-up" and "top-down".

1, some organizations in the absence of a master plan, out of a department's requirements, the project began to develop, this is the "bottom-up", this strategy from the current system's business situation, the first to achieve a specific function, and gradually from the low to the high level of the establishment of the entire MIS. because any MIS is the basic function of the key is the basic function of a MIS. Because the basic function of any MIS is data processing, the "bottom-up" approach starts with the development of various data processing applications, and then gradually increases the functions related to planning, control and decision-making according to the needs. Obviously, in the absence of conditions, the use of the "bottom-up" strategy to design information systems can avoid the danger of uncoordinated operation of large-scale systems, but the disadvantage is that it can not be as complete as imagined, due to the lack of prior from the whole system to fully take into account the development of the situation and changes as the system progresses, often require the redesign of many modules. it is often necessary to redesign many modules.

2, "top-down" strategy emphasizes the comprehensive to local, from long-term to near-term, from top to bottom, from the exploration of the development of a rational information flow, the design of information systems suitable for this flow of information. This strategy from the overall coordination and planning, requires strong logic, and therefore more difficult, but this is a more important strategy, because the totality of the basic characteristics of the system, although a system consists of many subsystems, but they are an inseparable whole.

3, usually, the "bottom-up" strategy for the design of small systems, it applies to the lack of practical experience in the development of the system, while the "top-down" method for the design of large systems. In practice, the two approaches are often used in combination, i.e., on the one hand, a "top-down" definition of the whole system, and on the other hand, a "bottom-up" step-by-step development, i.e., "top-down masterplanning" and "bottom-up application development".

This is the right strategy for building a management information system.

Second, the development of management information system application project of the basic method:

With the engineering approach to the development of MIS specific methods are many, can be divided into two categories of life cycle method and prototype method.

1, the basic idea of the prototype method is to identify the most basic needs of users on the basis of the first development of an initial prototype system, and then through the use of the prototype system, the developer and the user to exchange views, and repeatedly modify and expand the prototype, until the formation of the final system.

2, life cycle approach, is in accordance with the concept of the MIS life cycle in strict accordance with the various processes and steps of the system life cycle to develop the system. Life cycle approach to the development of ideas: the development of a new system in the user requirements, the first is the development of a new system of necessity and possibility of feasibility analysis. Only after the feasibility analysis confirms that the project can be developed can the original system be investigated in detail, data analysis and functional analysis be carried out, and the logical design of the new system be completed. Finally, a system analysis report is written and sent to the leadership of the user unit for review and approval. The above is the system analysis phase, the next step is to complete the physical design of the system as the main work of the system design phase. Similarly, the results of the system design phase should also be reviewed by the leadership, and then can enter the system implementation phase, that is, to start writing and debugging programs, complete the technical documentation, do a good job of the system conversion, system operation and system evaluation and so on.

3, for large systems or system development inexperience, the use of the life cycle approach can be based on the overall situation, step by step, reduce rework, is conducive to improving the quality of development, accelerate the progress of the project. Otherwise, rush, blind design, will pay a high price, or even end in failure.