Solid manure fuel treatment mode

(1) The whole amount of manure to the field: the livestock and poultry pollutants (manure, manure water and sewage) produced by the farm are collected centrally and all of them enter the oxidation ponds for storage and fermentation, the oxidation ponds are divided into two categories: open aerobic fermentation and mulching anaerobic fermentation, manure and sewage are stored after a period of time in oxidation ponds, and then utilized in the agricultural fields during the fertilizer season, the open aerobic fermentation, due to the excessive air pollution index, is not popularly used. The open aerobic fermentation is now not popularized for use due to the high air pollution index.

The advantage of this kind of livestock and poultry manure treatment is that the manure collection, treatment and storage facilities cost is low, the organic matter in livestock and poultry manure can be collected in full, and the nutrient utilization rate is high. However, the manure storage cycle generally has to reach more than half a year, covers a large area, requires a large amount of land to build oxidation ponds and storage facilities, and needs to be supported by specialized fertilizer machinery, farmland application pipeline network, mixing equipment and other auxiliary facilities; in addition, for long-distance transportation of farms, the high cost of transporting manure, pollution of roads, so this method can only be used within a certain range.

(2) manure composting: mainly solid manure from the breeding plant, after high-temperature aerobic composting harmless treatment, for farmland use or production of organic fertilizer. Need to support solid-liquid separator for livestock and poultry manure preliminary processing, after a long period of high-temperature aerobic fermentation, livestock and poultry manure to generate relatively dry organic fertilizer, farms can be organic fertilizer sales or return to the field to use, this treatment method includes strip palletized, trough, silo, high (low) rack fermentation beds, isotropic fermentation beds.

The advantage of this livestock and poultry manure treatment is that aerobic fermentation temperature is high, the manure harmless treatment is more thorough, the fermentation cycle is short, the fermentation process does not produce odor, and the composting treatment improves the added value of manure. But also need infrastructure and fixed site for fermentation, this method is mostly used for cattle manure, chicken manure, sheep manure and other sewage production less farms, for blister manure and other sewage production of large farms need to be added in addition to the sewage treatment system.

(3) manure fertilizer: this method is usually used in conjunction with the full amount of manure to return to the field, the manure water produced by the farm is treated and stored in oxidation ponds, and then during the period of fertilizer and irrigation, the harmless treatment of manure water and irrigation water are mixed according to a certain ratio, and water and fertilizer are applied in a water-fertilizer integrated way.

The advantage of this livestock and poultry manure treatment is that after the manure water is harmlessly treated in the oxidation pond, it can provide organic fertilizer water resources for farmland and solve the pressure of manure water treatment. But no matter in the fermentation stage or oxidation pond fermentation storage stage or water fertilizer integration application stage, need to consume a lot of land as supporting support, and need to support the construction of manure transport pipeline network or purchase manure transport vehicles, for the use of this way of farms, long-distance manure transport, both from the road transport or high transport costs, have become a new problem.

(4) Manure energy: livestock and poultry manure collection, construction of large-scale biogas engineering, anaerobic fermentation, and ultimately produce digestate, methane, biogas, biogas, biogas power generation or purification of biogas, methane production of organic fertilizers for farmland use, methane utilization of agricultural land or the depth of the treatment of the discharge standards.

This treatment method mainly focuses on the professional production of renewable energy for the main purpose, relying on specialized livestock and poultry manure treatment enterprises, collecting manure and manure water from the surrounding farms, centralizing and unifying the treatment of manure and manure water from the farms, and reducing the investment in manure treatment facilities for small farms; professional operation and high efficiency of energy utilization. But this method of one-time input cost is very high, energy product utilization is difficult; methane production volume is large and concentrated, treatment cost is high, need to support the follow-up treatment and utilization process. At present, it is mostly found in large-scale farms or intensive farming areas, with biogas power generation on-line or biogas into the pipeline network conditions, which need to be safeguarded by the supporting policies of the local government.

Two, the use of clean reuse mode of livestock and poultry manure

(5) manure substrate: mainly livestock and poultry manure, mushroom slag and crop residues and other organic matter as raw materials, compost fermentation. The use of livestock and poultry manure, mushroom slag, crop residue, crop straw, the combination of the three, the production of substrate tray and substrate soil used in the cultivation of fruits and vegetables and other cash crops. Realize the agricultural production chain zero-waste, zero-pollution ecological cycle of production, the formation of an organic cycle of agricultural integrated economic system, improve the comprehensive utilization of resources.

This livestock and poultry manure treatment mode of production chain is longer, the degree of refinement technology is high, the overall quality of the producer is required, the training period internship period is longer, for ecological agricultural enterprises and ecological farms are more applicable.

(6) manure bedding: this treatment can be said to be exclusive of dairy farms, based on the high cellulose content of cow manure, the texture of the fluffy moisture content of the characteristics of the first solid-liquid separation of cow manure, and then high-temperature aerobic composting and fermentation of solid manure, fermentation of cow manure can be used as cow bedding, sewage storage can be used as a fertilizer for farmland use.

This livestock manure treatment replaces the traditional sand and soil as bedding with cow manure, which not only saves the operating costs of the dairy farm, but also increases the lying time of the cows with more fluffy and comfortable cow bedding and improves the milk production of the cows, and this method must pay attention to the killing rate of the pests and diseases in the cow manure as bedding such as the harmless treatment is incomplete, there is a certain biosafety The risk.

(7) manure feed: this method of "feed" is not for livestock and poultry manure itself, but will be in the process of livestock and poultry in the dry manure and earthworms, fly maggots and black gadflies and other animal proteins for composting and fermentation, the production of organic fertilizer used for agricultural planting, fermented earthworms, fly maggots and black gadfly animal proteins used to make feed, and so on. After fermentation, earthworms, fly maggots, gadflies and other animal proteins are used to make feed.

This kind of livestock and poultry manure treatment has changed the traditional concept of using microorganisms for manure treatment, which can realize intensive management, low cost, high resource efficiency, no secondary emissions and pollution, and ecological farming. However, the actual operation is complicated, animal protein feeding for the breeding environment of temperature, humidity, air permeability requirements are very strict, not only to prevent birds and other natural enemies to steal food, the late organic fertilizer, animal protein separation is also consuming energy.

(8) manure fuel: livestock and poultry manure after mixing and dehydration processing, extrusion granulation, production of biomass fuel rods. Livestock and poultry manure made of biomass environmentally friendly fuel, as a substitute for coal production fuel, the cost is lower than the price of coal, reduce carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide emissions, but the manure dehydration drying energy consumption is higher, the later maintenance costs are more expensive.

Three, sewage discharge

(9) manure water discharge: this method for the sewage treatment of farms, the manure produced by the farm using UASB + A202 technology for in-depth treatment, and gradually processed into the methane, farm irrigation water, discharge water, and solid manure composting and fermentation of fertilizer near the use or entrusted to others for centralized treatment.

This livestock and poultry manure treatment of manure and water after deep treatment, can realize the standard discharge; do not need to build large manure storage tank, can reduce the land of manure storage facilities. But the input cost is huge, every deepening of the sewage treatment, the input cost is also increased, ordinary farms are difficult to support such a large-scale investment.