What are the artistic features of Quju?

Because the tunes of Henan Quju opera come from folk life dramas, the lyrics are easy to learn, and most of them are sung in their own voice, and the performances are quite close to life, and the spread speed is extremely fast.

The singing style of Quju is Qupai style. When Quju first appeared on the stage, most of the tunes appeared in the form of "minor miscellaneous brands", and there were only more than ten kinds of tunes, such as yangdiao, cut indigo flowers and poems. Later, it gradually absorbed the popular folk art "major" in Nanyang area and enriched the singing form.

Qupai of Quju is mostly composed of two sentences, three sentences, four sentences and various buttresses, which are divided into big brands, small and medium-sized miscellaneous brands and string Qupai. The overall style has the characteristics of simplicity, naturalness, smoothness and femininity, as well as melodious and lingering, lyrical and full of life flavor.

The vocal structure of Quju is long and short sentences, that is, the system of combining Qupai. There are more than 50 kinds of vocals and qupai/kloc-0, including Diao Yang, flower arrangement, poem, jujube pole, Ci 'ershan, Taiping Year and Luojiang Complaint in Ming and Qing folk songs, and Matou, Qingyang Fan, Tongguan, Xiaotaohong, Manjianghong and Rugou Jade in drum songs. There are more than 30 kinds of string cards used for accompaniment, such as dashboard, champion wandering, mountain slope sheep, mountain water and so on/kloc-0.

Big brands are generally above 100 board, mainly including horsehead tune, border tune, oriole tune, Manchu red tune, cleavage jade, back bow, overlapping, parasitic grass, overlapping broken bridge, small pink, screwdriver, Paris, Jinniusi, Shangxiaolou and so on. This kind of major is generally adagio, euphemistic and soft, and sentimental.

Small and medium-sized miscellaneous brands are all below 100 boards, mainly including Diao Yang, Taiping Year, Poetry, Full Moon, Jujube Stem, Luojiang Complaint, Silver Cattle Silk and Cut Flowers.

This kind of minor is characterized by clear rhyme, flexibility, wide range, flexible timbre, high plasticity and strong expressive force. Some people have adapted the original tunes into new ones, such as Jiang Xiaohan and soft poems. Other operas, such as Shu Yun and Wa Dui, have been absorbed.

Sixian Qupai mainly includes Lao Ba 'an, Qiao Qiao, Grape Shelf, Kai Shou, Crying Zhou Yu, Mountain Slope Sheep, Yuan Gang Wandering, Big Slate, Mountains and Rivers, Birds and so on. This kind of qupai is mainly used to contrast the atmosphere in the play, cooperate with various dance movements, and show the changes of the characters' thoughts and feelings.

According to the different styles of content, there are silver twisted wire, crib, peaceful year and so on. Sadness and sadness are expressed in Hanshui, poetry and so on. Yang Diao expresses feelings of excitement and indignation.

In terms of performance, Quju pays more attention to using dance movements to express real life content. For example, playing an umbrella, driving an ass and riding an ass in Hide and Seek. Carrying the burden and climbing the mountain in Going to the Countryside. Trolley in the countryside. The boating across the blockade and horse riding in the Cover are specially designed, and the dance movements are vivid and interesting.

The main musical instrument of Quju is Quhu, as well as Sanxian, Suona, Pipa, Erhu, Zheng, Sheng and Yueqin.

After the founding of New China, some troupes also added western musical instruments such as woodwinds, brass pipes, stringed instruments and timpani. Percussion instruments were originally only gongs and drums, which were only used to "strike the table".

Later, the opera absorbed the gongs and drums of Beijing Opera and Henan Opera, and the percussion instruments were gradually improved, such as drum board, big gong, second gong, cymbal, small cymbal, wind gong and wooden fish. After 1950, the main musical instruments of Quju Band are Quhu, Guzheng, Sanxian, Pipa, Erhu, Flute, Suona, Sheng and Cello.

In the mid-1980s, an electronic organ was added. Martial arts venues mainly include handboards, bangu, gongs, cymbals, small gongs, war drums, drums or timpani drums.

In the early days, there were only "big boards" and several "swimming pools". Later, there were more and more first songs such as Mountain Flowing Water, Love in Spring, He Fan, string songs such as spinach leaves, ten fans, typos, and suona songs such as Missing the Field, Ending, Three Guns and Suona Pi. Wuchang gongs and drums classics basically come from Henan Opera, Yuediao Opera, Peking Opera and other operas.

In the early stage, Henan Quju inherited the song and dance image and business division of stilt music in performance. Generally, stilt music has five roles: wife, daughter-in-law, girl, "xianggong" and monk.

Monks often play the role of Lao Dan, and sometimes they add supporting roles such as "Second Girl" and "Blind Man". No matter what drama was performed in the early Henan Quju, the role was generally nothing more than the above five main forms.

In early performances, the characters usually turn their backs to the audience, walk to the center of Taichung, then turn around and appear, and then use the "big board" to run the "scissors" wheel on the rhythm of string accompaniment. The form is the same as when walking on stilts, and you have to run 48 boards to perform a formal singing.

The movements, characters and postures of traditional Chinese opera basically retain the prototype of stilt dancing, that is, they keep going forward and backward, while monks or blind people, that is, clowns, keep gagging in the meantime.

1933, Quju spread to Zhoukou in central Henan and Kaifeng in eastern Henan. Later, Quju was popular in southern Shaanxi and northern Hubei. In the process of spreading, with the enrichment of repertoire, Quju gradually established a complete line of beauty, purity and ugliness after absorbing the performing arts of Henan Opera, Beijing Opera, Yuediao Opera and Han Opera, and a number of more accomplished actors appeared.

Danxing is the first line of the opera. Early operas mostly performed "three plays", and most of them were Dan characters, so there are many famous Dan characters in Henan Quju, and they also have their own characteristics in performing arts.

Before the founding of New China, most roles were played by men. Famous actors include Xu Wenxing, Hu Ding, Li Jinbo, Zhu Tianshui and Li Jiuchang. After the founding of New China, Quju has trained many actresses, such as Zhang Xinfang and Wang Xiuling, who have made great achievements in performing arts.

Xu Wenxing was good at performing the image of a rural girl and was known as a "living girl" at that time. Hu Ding is a native of Tsing Yi. He is good at portraying characters' personality characteristics and shaping images, and he is steady and generous when performing. His plays include You Gui Shan and so on. Zhu Tianshui is called "Luoyang fan". When performing, his voice is delicate, his timbre is simple and natural, his singing is sweet and his emotions are full. He is famous for his performance "Blue Bridge Club".

Among them, the most famous is Zhang Xinfang. Zhang Xinfang, the founder of Zhangpai Opera, is known as the "Queen of Opera". She is brilliant, has a strong memory, has a loud voice and is good at imitation. At the age of seven, she began to learn to sing opera, and at the age of nine, she was already popular on the opera stage. Zhang Xinfang first broke the tradition of men disguised as women in Quju, initiated the precedent of women disguised as women, and became the first actress in Quju.

Zhang Xinfang has been an artist for more than 70 years and has performed more than 65,438,000 plays. However, she has never been complacent and stuck to the rules. On the basis of maintaining the traditional style of Quju, she successfully absorbed the singing art of brother operas, creatively enriched the artistic connotation of Quju, expanded the performance field and popular area of Quju, and became a milestone in the development history of Henan Quju.

Zhang Xinfang is good at playing tragic figures, and has created many unforgettable images of stage art in his life. His representative works include Chen Sanliang, Qin Xianglian, The Story of Chai Jing, Sister Xianglin and so on. Mei Lanfang, Tian Han and other theater celebrities spoke highly of it.

The life of Quju is mostly dominated by the minority, and the performance is generally dominated by literary students and empty students, without martial arts students. From about 1940, Quju began to perform "robe with drama" and grew a beard.

Zhu Liulai, a young student, created a set of soft and natural performing arts without the accompaniment of gongs and drums in the early stage of the development of Henan Quju, which made the performance of Quju break through the traditional stilt program.

Both Xu Shenghai, Lianchi and Ma Qi are good at simple performances and rich life atmosphere. Kou Zhun in Kou Zhun's Boots, played by the latter, has quite high attainments in the use of catwalk, water sleeves, pouting and hat wings.

In the early stage of the development of Quju, the role of ugliness was limited to gag. Since Wang Zhendong, the focus has gradually evolved from the character to the direction of paying equal attention to singing and doing, and different types of clowns, such as doll ugliness, official ugliness and ugliness, have been formed.

For example, Wang Qingsheng made many innovations in portraying characters with clowns. Since Zhang Guangyao and Li Yuncheng, the Internet has gradually become a special line of Henan Opera. They separated the clear angle from the yang tone.

Quju has evolved from folk songs and dances into "Gao Tai Opera" with clear roles and clear division of labor, which is deeply loved by the people. It includes the continuous efforts of many artists and eventually makes it the second largest opera in Henan Province.