What is the method of growing potatoes

Potato (potato) cultivation throughout the world, from latitude 71? North to 40? South between the vast majority of countries have potato cultivation. Here is my carefully organized for you to take a look at how to grow potatoes.

Potato planting methods

Seed potato treatment:

(a) Selection of seed potatoes

On the basis of the selection of good seeds, select the potato shape regular, with the typical characteristics of the variety, smooth skin, color and lustre, the weight of 1-2 two moderate size of the health of seed potatoes for seed. When choosing seed potatoes, it is necessary to strictly remove the cracked skin, deformity, tip, bud eye necrosis, disease spots or umbilical black rot tubers.

(B) cut and small whole potatoes for seed

Seed potato cut and planted, can promote the tuber inside and outside the exchange of oxygen, break dormancy, early germination and seedling emergence. However, when cutting, it is easy to pass the disease through the cutter, causing seed rot, seedling shortage or increasing field morbidity, accelerating the degradation of varieties. Cutting too large, with a large amount of seed, generally to cut into 20-30 grams is appropriate. Cutting blocks should be cut longitudinally, so that each cut block is with apical dominance of the buds. Cutting block to eliminate diseased potatoes, cut block utensils should be strictly sterilized to prevent the transmission of disease.

Small whole potatoes for seed, can avoid the cutter disease, and small whole potatoes have strong vitality and drought resistance, seedling early and neat after sowing, the number of buds per hole, the number of main stems and tubers increased. Thus, the use of about 25 grams of robust small potatoes for seed, there is a significant effect of disease prevention and increase in yield. However, small potatoes generally short growing period, low maturity, long dormancy, and often late early decline phenomenon. Cultivation needs to grasp the appropriate density, make good germination treatment, increase the application of potash, and with the corresponding nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer, in order to play the production potential of small potatoes for seed.

(C) sprouting

Sprouting is an important measure in potato cultivation to prevent disease and yield. Sprouting before sowing, can promote early maturity, improve yield. At the same time, the process of germination, can be eliminated rotten potatoes, reduce the rate of diseased plants in the field after sowing or lack of seedling broken, is conducive to the whole seedling strong seedling. Sprouting method: seed potatoes and sand placed in layers between each other, the thickness of about 3-4 layers, and maintain the optimal temperature at about 20 ℃ and often moist state, seed potatoes can sprout after about 10 days. Sprouting, seed potatoes with 0.5-1ppm erythromycin solution or 0.1-0.2% potassium permanganate solution soaked seeds for 10-15 minutes or with 2% thiourea soaked seeds for 20 minutes, can improve the effect of sprouting.

Selection of land preparation:

Potato is a crop that does not tolerate continuous cultivation. Planting potato plots should be selected within three years without planting potatoes and other eggplant crops. Potato is very sensitive to continuous crop reaction, production must avoid continuous crop. If a piece of ground continuous planting of potato, not only cause serious diseases, such as green blight, but also cause soil nutrient imbalance, especially some trace elements, so that the potato growth is poor, short plants, low yield, poor quality. Potato and corn, wheat and other plant rotation yield effect is better.

Potato tuber expansion needs loose and fertile soil. Therefore, the best choice for planting potato plots of flat terrain, irrigation conditions, and well-drained, deep, loose sandy loam. After the harvest of the previous crop, deep plowing and fine harrowing should be carried out, and then make borders. The width and height of the border depends on the terrain and soil moisture. The terrain is high and well-drained for wide beds, and the terrain is low and poorly drained for narrow beds or raised beds.

Adequate base fertilizer:

Potatoes in the growth period to form a large number of stems and tubers, therefore, the need for more nutrients. Fertilizer three elements, to potassium needs the most, followed by nitrogen, phosphorus least. Adequate basal fertilizer plays an important role in increasing potato production. Potato base fertilizer to account for the total amount of fertilizer 3/5 or 2/3. base fertilizer to rotting pile of stable manure and animal manure and other fertilizers, with phosphorus, potash. Generally mu applied with fertilizer machine 1000-1500 kg, calcium superphosphate 15-25 kg, grass ash 100-150 kg. Base fertilizer should be combined with the border or dug holes in the soil layer below 10 cm, in order to facilitate plant absorption and loosen the knot potato layer. When sowing, use 20-30 quintals of rotted human and animal manure and urine per mu, or 5-8 kg of nitrogen fertilizer as seed fertilizer, so that the seedling emergence is rapid and neat, and promote the robust growth of seedlings.

Timely sowing:

Determine the potato sowing appropriate important conditions is the temperature of the reproductive period. In principle, to make the potato potato season in the average daily temperature of 15-25 ℃ conditions. And the longer this period suitable for continuous tuber growth, the higher the total weight. Most of them are planted after harvesting late rice or middle rice. Autumn potatoes to late September to late October sowing is good, winter potatoes to late December to mid-January sowing is appropriate.

Reasonable dense planting:

The yield factor of potato is the product of the number of plants per unit area and the yield per plant. The yield of a single plant is determined by the number of potatoes produced by a single plant and the weight of a single potato. And there is a contradiction between increased population yield and increased yield per plant. When the number of plants per unit area increases, the single plant yield decreases accordingly, both of which have a certain dependence on planting density. In a certain range of density, the yield of the group with the increase in density and increase; single plant yield with the increase in density and decrease. Therefore, to determine the density must consider the group yield and individual yield two contradictory factors harmonization. If the density is small, although the single plant development is good, high yield, but due to the total number of plants in the unit area is small, less potatoes, yield is not high. If the density is too large, although the total number of plants, but the single potato weight is very low, the same yield is not high. Therefore, reasonable dense planting is to make a reasonable group structure per unit area, which can make the individual develop well, but also can play the role of the group's yield, in order to fully utilize the light energy, ground power, so as to obtain high yield. From the group and individual coordinated development considerations, potato in general cultivation level, about 6000 plants per mu, each plant 2-3 stems is more appropriate.

Field management:

(a) seedling seedling replenishment

After the potato out of the flush, we should promptly carry out seedling checking, there is a lack of seedlings in a timely manner to ensure that the whole seedling. The method of seedling replenishment is: when sowing flagon excess potato pieces densely planted in the field, used to replenish the seedling. Seedling replenishment, the lack of holes, such as diseased and rotten potatoes, should be the first diseased potatoes and the soil around them dug up and then replenish the seedling. When the soil is dry, the hole should be dug and watered and combined with the application of a small amount of fertilizer after planting, in order to reduce the seedling time, as soon as possible to resume growth. If there is no spare seedling, from the field of seedlings between the rows of rows, select the hole of more seedlings, from the base of its mother potato block break off excess seedlings, transplantation of seedlings.

(ii) Plowing cultivation

Plowing loosening, so that the soil of the potato layer loose aeration, conducive to root growth, stolon elongation and tuber expansion. If the soil panel is knotted before seedling emergence, the soil should be loosened to facilitate seedling emergence. Seedling in time for the first plowing, depth 8-10 cm, and combined with weeding, 10-15 days after the first plowing, the second plowing, should be slightly shallow. When the buds appear, the third plowing, more shallow than the second plowing. And combined with cultivation, cultivation thickness of no more than 10 centimeters, in order to thicken the potato layer, to avoid the potato pieces exposed, reduce the quality.

(C) fertilizer

Potato from sowing to seedling time is long, after the seedling, to early with clear manure water plus a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer chasing the bud fertilizer to promote the rapid growth of seedlings. The bud period combined with soil application of a potato fertilizer, potash-based, with nitrogen fertilizer, fertilizer depending on the plant's growth and appearance. After flowering, generally no more fertilizer, if the late performance of de-fertilization early decline phenomenon, available phosphorus and potassium or combined with trace elements for foliar spraying.

(D) control of pests and diseases

Potato diseases are more, common diseases are virus disease, late blight, green blight, ring rot, scab, cancerous disease. Late blight occurs around the time of more rain and plant flowering. Therefore, attention should be paid to early control with Bordeaux solution or Ruiduo mold. Cyanosis is difficult to prevent and control, and the prevention method is mainly through reasonable crop rotation, selection of disease-resistant varieties and small whole potatoes for seed and other measures to prevent and control.

Potato pests are mainly ladybugs, earthworms, aphids, grubs, mole crickets, etc., can be used to prevent and control measures such as pharmaceuticals or artificial trapping.

Harvesting fruits:

Potato when plant growth stops, most of the stem and leaves withered yellow, tuber is easy to separate from the stolon, peripheral skin hardening, specific gravity increase lei, dry matter content up to the maximum limit, that is, the most suitable harvesting period for the edible tubers, the use of tubers should be harvested in advance of the 5-7 days in order to alleviate the adverse effects of high temperatures in the late stages of growth to improve the seediness.

Potato growing conditions

Potato sex like cold, is like low temperature crops. The formation and growth of its underground potato lumps require a loose, airy, cool and moist soil environment.

Potato temperature requirements: the appropriate temperature for tuber growth is 16 ℃ ~ 18 ℃, when the local temperature is higher than 25 ℃, the tuber stops growing; the appropriate temperature for stem and leaf growth is 15 ℃ ~ 25 ℃, more than 39 ℃ to stop growing.

Potato imported into China only three hundred years of history. It is said to have been introduced by overseas Chinese from Southeast Asia, and in the 21st century China's potato planting area ranked second in the world. Highly productive, nutritious and highly adaptable to the environment, the potato is now found all over the world, and can be cultivated in tropical and subtropical countries even in winter or in the cooler seasons to achieve higher yields.

Harvesting in time

Harvesting in time