Architectural Style of Quanzhou Ancient CuO

The folk houses in Quanzhou are called CuO, and one of them is a red brick CuO imitating the style of the Forbidden City. This is a unique building in our hometown. However, with the passage of time, these ancient buildings gradually run down and disappear, not only the memory of childhood, but also a culture. As students, of course, we can't protect and develop them, but with a sense of understanding and inheritance, we study the architectural style of southern Fujian. Members of our research group have made a research plan, and conducted research from four aspects: architectural art, form, decoration and cultural connotation. We used the weekend to make a field trip to the ancient houses in our hometown, interview the local people, take photos, select the typical red brick buildings around the school for research, and go to the library and online classroom to find information and pictures to improve the research content, and completed the following research report: The Legend of Fujian Red Brick Architecture. As for the reason, we have to start with the story of "smelly queen". According to legend, Huang is a native of Huangtian (now Zhangbanhou Village) in Hui 'an County. She is the niece of Huang, assistant minister of the Ministry of Industry. She was lucky enough to be elected to the palace by the king of Fujian, and was later made a princess because of her talent and appearance. When Huang was a child, she had a boil on her head like an oyster shell, so later generations nicknamed her "smelly-headed queen" (rural people called the spouse of the prince "queen"). But it is this "smelly queen" who still cares about the sufferings of the people in her hometown even after becoming a princess. One spring, it rained cats and dogs for several days in Fuzhou. Empress Huang is very anxious in the palace, because at this time of year, it is also the rainy season in southern Fujian, not far from Fuzhou. She knows that her hometown people live in a small house by the sea. When they encounter heavy rain and strong winds, it is often the thatched cottage that collapses, which is terrible, so they are very sad. King Min looked in his eyes and asked why. Huang Huang told the truth. After thinking for a while, Min Wang said, "Effie, this matter is easy to handle. How about I give you a palace-style house? " Hearing this, Huang Huang's eyes lit up, and she immediately knelt down to thank her. He said to the eunuch who sent the decree, "Your Majesty has given me a palace. Please pass on the imperial edict quickly. " . When the king of Fujian said "your home", he only meant the home of Huang Huang. At this time, she said that "my home" was deliberately vague, which made the eunuch mistakenly think that it meant the whole Quanzhou government, for the benefit of her hometown. So the whole Quanzhou mansion, especially the dignitaries, gentry, wealthy overseas Chinese and even ordinary people's families, built houses one after another, which were like palaces, magnificent, connected by wells and cloisters the next day, with reasonable layout, three-dimensional grace, magnificent momentum and deep environment, as grand as palaces. Later, the king of Fujian received a tip-off that someone in Quanzhou tried to rebel and dared to build a palace-style house. He was furious and ordered them to stop building and pursue punishment. Later, the eunuch reminded him that it was his own permission, and he suddenly realized why. But the so-called "you are joking", since you said it, you have to give up in the end. So there are many palace-style houses in southern Fujian. Of course, this is just a legend. In fact, most Minnan people like to build palace-style houses, because the emperor is supreme in Minnan people's minds, and the palace is the most beautiful and noble building in the world. Therefore, when Minnan people made a fortune, they built their own long-awaited rich mansion. Minnan culture retains strong China cultural traditions and aesthetic habits, and this architectural style reflects this feature of Minnan culture. The artistic style of red brick architecture is a unique artistic feature reflected from the consistency of the content and form of architectural works, and it is a comprehensive embodiment of the cultural personality of architectural designers in the works. The early red brick buildings in southern Fujian were mainly official, with gorgeous and classical architectural modeling, solemn and generous, strong local characteristics, diverse decorative techniques, exquisite carving techniques, smooth lines and perfect composition, which fully reflected the exquisite, beautiful, elegant style of Quanzhou ancient buildings and showed the artistic talent, rich imagination and creativity of skilled craftsmen to the fullest. Because of the colorful appearance of the "red brick building", its style mostly embodies the characteristics of combining Chinese and western, and presents a unique attractive situation on the front. The formal aesthetic feeling of red brick is "red brick and white stone double shifter, and the brick turns into stone dovetail ridge". These are the characteristics of Quanzhou red brick building form and its unique personality, which reflects the elegance of this famous cultural city with thousands of years of history from one side. "Brick-laying into stone" is a very unique way to build walls in red brick areas of southern Fujian. It is named after its appearance with different shapes of stones and red bricks. According to legend, at the end of the Ming Dynasty, a major earthquake occurred in southern Fujian. After the earthquake, local people used local materials and built such a unique wall with collapsed and broken bricks, stones, tiles and gravel. Later, it was widely used by people and developed with the trend. The wall built by this method is not only strong and anti-theft, warm in winter and cool in summer, but also simple and beautiful, which has become a masterpiece of China residential buildings.

Another striking thing about the red brick house is that its color and dough form a "face" shape. Red is a symbol of celebration in China culture, and it is also the most commonly used color in court buildings. In Quanzhou ancient dwellings, the builders did not rock their yearning for lofty status and status, but chose red as the basic color of the dwellings intentionally or unintentionally. Decorative Style of Red Brick In architectural decoration, red brick building has played an excellent role in the style and characteristics of red brick, and brought the artistry and creativity of Minnan craftsmen to the extreme. The architectural decoration of red brick is a material entity created by skilled craftsmen according to practical requirements, and it is also a unique artistic form created by using the law of beauty in the processing process, which has high aesthetic value. For example, there are not only fine carvings on the lintel, corner and building column, but also exquisite colors make the beauty of red brick perfectly reflected, reflecting the unique connotation of red brick architecture. The building has a high roof, carved beams and painted buildings, and the masonry relief on the front wall has a strong three-dimensional sense. The window shuttle is carved with flowers and birds, and the decoration is ingenious and gorgeous. The paintings and calligraphy on the wall of the door wall hall are full of fun, and they have their own charm, leaving more paintings and calligraphy of celebrities at that time. Calligraphy and painting such as ink, color, gold, plain and other colors; Books, scrolls, fans, diamonds and other plaques are unique; Doors and windows have various forms, such as round, arch, diamond and square. Wood carving, clay sculpture, brick carving and stone carving can be seen everywhere with exquisite craftsmanship, and many techniques such as through carving, relief carving and flat carving are used. The sculpture is rich and colorful, including animals, flowers and birds, fish and insects, landscape figures, ancient patterns and so on. Wood carving, clay sculpture, brick carving and stone carving can be seen everywhere with exquisite craftsmanship, and many techniques such as through carving, relief carving and flat carving are used. The sculpture is rich and colorful, including animals, flowers and birds, fish and insects, landscape figures, ancient patterns and so on. The exquisite carving of ancient dwellings not only shows the mature sculpture art in southern Fujian, but also reflects the influence of Indian Buddhism, Islam, Nanyang culture and western architectural art, and is known as the "Grand View Garden of Southern Fujian Architecture". The cultural connotation of red brick houses has the characteristics of symmetrical arrangement according to the central axis, multi-level deepening and organic connection. In the meantime, the number is odd, usually three or five bays, and the depth is one (one), two, three or even four or five bays. There is a lower room on the left and right of the gate, which is collectively called "Falling". After the fall, there is a patio with a wing (or "battery head") on both sides. On the other side of the patio is the main house, with the hall and back porch in the middle. There are four rooms around (commonly known as the big room and the back room), which are the living room and the living room, collectively referred to as "up and down". There are also exquisite rooms of "up and down". Brothers are separated, the big house in the east is respected, and so on. "Light Hall and Dark Room" is the characteristic of traditional folk houses in Quanzhou. The main hall is a place to worship ancestors, gods and receive guests. Facing the patio, spacious and bright. The bedroom door is hung with cloth curtains or bamboo curtains, and the skylight on the roof is small and the room is dark. Some large buildings have a main entrance (commonly known as "big pavilion"), with protective canopies on the east and west sides and the back porch, which are divided into single protective canopies, double protective canopies and environmental protection canopies. They are used as bedrooms or sundries storage rooms, and walls are built around the doors to form closed, regular and independent buildings. In order to prevent outsiders from spying on the activities in the hospital, the gate is only opened when it is important. There is a wooden wall or screen in the middle of the entrance, which usually passes through the side doors on both sides. Therefore, in terms of cultural connotation, it not only reflects the closed atmosphere of courtesy exchanges between primary and secondary schools adapted to China's feudal society and natural economy, but also makes people feel the influence of marine culture. Quanzhou's official residences in the Ming and Qing Dynasties are typical representatives, such as Cai Lao's ancient residential complex in Guanqiao, Nan 'an, Zhong Xiandi in Ishii, Yang Amiao's former residence in Jinjiang and Yong Bin's former residence in Qingyang Zhuang. Therefore, in the study, we realize that red brick architecture is a very important part of Quanzhou culture, covering architecture, engineering, art, culture and so on. In fact, the unique style of red brick architecture formed over thousands of years also occupies a place in China architecture. With the renovation of houses and the destruction of nature, many ancient buildings have disappeared from people's sight. Modern craftsmen and design departments are not very clear about the traditional construction technology of ancient buildings, which has caused great losses in architecture and culture. Therefore, the protection of traditional red brick buildings and ancient buildings should attract the attention of government departments.