On Agricultural Industrialization Management

On Agricultural Industrialization Operation

Introduction: agricultural industrialization operation is in essence to use the management of modern industry to organize the production and operation of modern agriculture. The following is the agricultural industrialization management that I brought for you, I hope it will be helpful to you.

Since the mid-80s, the implementation of agricultural industrialization of the call for more and more high, the beginning of a different perspective put forward the planting and raising plus, production, supply and marketing, and then put forward the integration of agriculture, industry and commerce and trade, industry and agriculture, there is an agreed-upon name for these practices, that is, the industrialization of agricultural management, which means that the stretching of agricultural industry chain, from the field to the market, to the primary industry, It means to extend the agricultural chain from the field to the market, linking the primary, secondary and tertiary industries. This is the direction of the world's agricultural development and the inevitable trend of China's rural economic reform and development. The report of the Fifteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) clearly puts forward that Actively develop the industrialization of agriculture, form the mechanism of organic combination and mutual promotion of production, processing and marketing, and promote the transformation of agriculture into commercialization, specialization and modernization. Therefore, we should take a positive attitude, seriously sum up the practical experience, guide and promote the industrialized operation of agriculture. How to understand the agricultural industrialization operation, how to guide the healthy development of agricultural industrialization operation, this article to talk about some views.

First, agricultural industrialization is the inevitable trend of China's rural economic reform and development

The rise of agricultural industrialization in China, there is an objective inevitability, this is because:

1. millions of family-run agricultural small-scale production needs to be connected with the domestic and foreign markets through agricultural industrialization. Since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party, the rural collective public ownership of the mode of operation carried out an epoch-making reform, the abolition of the people's commune system, changed the collective labor, unified distribution, the establishment of the responsibility system based on the family contract and the unity of the combination of the two-tier management system, tens of millions of farmers' families to become an economic entity that can deal with their own products. In the past, during the period of the people's commune, agricultural production was arranged collectively and products were handled collectively; in addition to the planned economy in force at that time, the main agricultural products were purchased and sold collectively and the rate of agricultural commodities was not high, so there was no requirement for industrialized management. After the reform, the situation is different, the peasant family as an economically independent entity, he needs to arrange his production in accordance with the market information, his products need to have a smooth organization channel to enter the domestic and foreign markets, but also requires to obtain benefits in processing and circulation to improve the efficiency of agriculture. Therefore, farmers demand to be organized and enter the market, which is the fundamental motive of agricultural industrialization. This kind of situation has appeared in countries all over the world. In Western Europe, there are agricultural production cooperatives; in Japan, there are agricultural associations; and even the farmers in the United States, Canada and Australia, who operate on a large scale, need to organize themselves to enter the big markets at home and abroad, and set up various associations. Of course, Chinese agriculture has its own characteristics, so there are different forms of industrialized management methods.

2. The transformation from a planned economy to a market economy system has created conditions for the industrialization of agriculture. The traditional planned economy, the implementation of the monopoly of the main agricultural products of the unified acquisition, and then, in accordance with the provisions of the channel into the processing and circulation. In this kind of production, acquisition, processing and consumption split, of course, can not talk about industrialized management. 80's rural reform, the first to liberalize the aquatic products and fruit acquisition and sales. Subsequently, the opening up of the markets for bulk vegetables, meat, eggs and milk, as well as tea, oilseeds, hemp and cocoons, created the institutional conditions for the industrialization of agriculture. First of all, some processing, sales of enterprises in order to stabilize the source of goods, they reached out to agriculture, some farmers engaged in professional and technical production of cash crops, but also self-organized, joined forces to enter the market.

3. The development of the agricultural commodity economy has become a powerful driving force for the development of industrialized management. Under the old system of the people's commune, the relations of production beyond the productive forces, ? the big pot rice? , the way of average distribution, could not reflect the principle of distribution according to labor, without the producer's responsibility system, it is impossible to put the agricultural production which needs to be carefully managed according to the growth and development process of plants and animals. Therefore, for a long time, the development of agricultural production in China has been slow, and in order to solve the basic necessity of life of eating, we have to concentrate most of our agricultural resources on the development of food production, so, despite the proposal of ? Therefore, despite the proposal of "taking food as the program, comprehensive development", in fact, the development of food production has not been a major factor. In 1978, China's per capita possession of agricultural products, grain 318.7 kilograms, cotton 2.3 kilograms, 5.5 kilograms of oilseeds, 24.9 kilograms of sugar, 9.0 kilograms of meat, 4.9 kilograms of aquatic products, 2.6 kilograms of poultry and eggs (in 1980), 6.9 kilograms of fruits, vegetables, 90.8 kilograms. 90.8 kilograms. The per capita net income of farmers was only 134 yuan. Given the low standard of living of the peasants at that time, the commodities they could provide were also limited, with the food commodity rate being only about 10 percent. But the rural reforms greatly liberated the productive forces. By 1984, per capita food production had reached 392.8 kilograms, and under these circumstances, there were conditions for the vigorous development of a variety of businesses. Although there were ups and downs in the following years, particularly in the fluctuation of grain production, which had a direct impact on diversified operations, the general trend was towards comprehensive development. By 1997, the national average per capita consumption was 409.7 kilograms of grain, 3.8 kilograms of cotton, 18 kilograms of oilseeds, 77.8 kilograms of sugar, 52 kilograms of meat, 29.8 kilograms of aquatic products, 17.5 kilograms of eggs, 49 kilograms of fruit and 281.9 kilograms of vegetables. The rate of food commodities has reached about 30%. In many places, animal husbandry, fruit and vegetable industries are no longer the side business of the family but the main business, and the net income per capita of farmers has reached 2090 yuan. The production of a large number of commodities and the improvement of farmers' economic strength, the urgent need to have a link to the market organization, so as to become a strong impetus for the development of industrialized management.

The comparison of the main forms of organization of agricultural industrialization management

Due to the characteristics of the production of different products, as well as the differences in economic and social conditions in different regions, there are many forms of agricultural industrialization management, but in summary, it can be roughly divided into three types:

1. This is the more common and easy to organize way. The way is to form a leading enterprise, with a contract (contract) and farmers linked to the establishment of production bases. The leading enterprises provide farmers with seeds and production materials, provide technical services, buy farmers' products, process and sell them. In short, this approach is based on local resource advantages, through the leading enterprises, driving thousands of households, the development of pillar industries. In recent years, the development of export-oriented livestock and poultry in coastal areas, vegetable processing projects, the development of fruit processing projects in mountainous areas, the development of high-quality rice, double-low rapeseed oil processing projects, generally take this approach. The advantage of this approach is that the economic relationship between enterprises and farmers is simple, the enterprise can be composed of a variety of ownership of economic entities, most of the current strength of state-owned enterprises, collective enterprises or foreign-funded enterprises, many of which are Sino-foreign joint ventures, such as the Chengtai Group's investment in China's agriculture, are used in this way. Due to the leading enterprise investors strong capital, generally with professional, technical conditions, wholly foreign-owned or Sino-foreign joint venture enterprises more than ready-made export channels, the market is guaranteed, farmers basically do not bear the market risk, so the development of relatively smooth. However, the enterprise is mainly a trading relationship with the farmers, supplemented by a small amount of profit return, the farmers from the processing, sales in the profit is not much.

2. Professional cooperatives or professional and technical associations. This kind of cooperative (association) is different from the previous community-based cooperative organizations, which is characterized by the professional production of a certain product, formed voluntarily by farmers. It is market-oriented, based on family management, with members *** with the same interests as the bond, through different levels, different forms of union, the formation of cross-community agricultural production, processing and marketing integrated management of cooperative organizations, *** with the market. Cooperatives are also known as professional and technical associations, such as tea professional associations, fruit associations, poultry technical associations and so on. Professional cooperatives (associations) generally adopt the form of joint-stock cooperation. Because the cultural and scientific level and market management ability of Chinese farmers are low, and in the spontaneous stage, so the scale of this way of organization is small, and most places are still in the process of exploration. However, it is certain that this way of development in the future is promising, because it is the farmers' own cooperative organization, the implementation of democratic management, risk **** share, equal benefit, in the processing, circulation area of the proceeds of the full return to the farmers, so it is welcomed by the farmers.

3. Industrialized business organizations based on the state or collective service organizations. In recent years, the state at the local level, especially in the townships of the technical service organizations to carry out the activities from technical services to participate in the operation of some rural collective organizations from the strengthening of the unified service, but also established a number of business organizations. These organizations are integrated with farmers and act as intermediary organizations, assuming the responsibility of linking farmers' production with the market. For example, in the fruit, vegetable and flower production areas, such organizations have appeared, in Xiangxi, Hunan Province, there is a professional company set up by the Agricultural Technology Station, which on the one hand, provide farmers with seedlings, pesticides, fertilizers and technical guidance, on the one hand, and on the other hand, on behalf of the farmers to sell the fruits, and then after the sale of the fruit farmers back to the money. These service organizations only charge service fees, and a region of farmers to establish a fixed relationship for the farmers service, processing, sales link of the proceeds are given to the farmers. In the poor economic strength of the region, especially in poor areas, this approach is welcomed by the farmers, but also produced a very good effect of poverty alleviation, is a way worth advocating.

Three, the implementation of industrialized agriculture to pay attention to several issues

In China, the industrialization of agriculture is a product of reform, is currently in the ascendant. However, the implementation of industrialized management, we need to have a clear understanding. The so-called industrialization, not simply build a processing enterprise in the agricultural area is industrialization. At the same time, it is not all about industrialization, all new enterprises. The implementation of agricultural industrialization, the essence of the content is to extend the agricultural industry chain to adapt to the requirements of the market economic system, at the same time, but also to enable farmers to get the benefits of processing, circulation area, and increase the farmers' income. Therefore, in the implementation of agricultural industrialization, we should pay attention to the following aspects:

1. Avoid duplication of construction. Agricultural industrialization to link the primary, secondary and tertiary industries, which involves the reorganization of enterprise relations. Agricultural products processing enterprises around China is relatively large, of course, some of the technological backwardness, obsolete equipment needs to be transformed, but still can be utilized. Therefore, in the process of promoting industrialization, we should try to make use of the equipment of existing enterprises. To advocate the promotion of agricultural products processing enterprises and farmers, including the combination of processing enterprises and the combination of farmers, so that you can get twice the result with half the effort, saving investment, but also to quickly establish the industrialization of the operation of the ` pattern.

2. The industrialized management parties should be the interest **** the same body. Enterprises and farmers, if they stay in the simple sale of the relationship, which is not called industrialized management. Moreover, if the processing enterprise and the farmers are only buying and selling relationship, the enterprise to the farmers require cheap to buy, and the farmers require expensive to sell, this conflict of interest is bound to affect the long-term cooperation between the enterprise and the farmers, but also will make the agro-processing enterprises to increase the economic risk. Therefore, through the shareholding or strict contract (contract) relationship, the enterprise and the farmers to link up, composed of a stable interest **** the same body.

3. Agricultural industrialization should be combined with the development of township enterprises. Since the reform and opening up, township and village enterprises with its vigorous development, there has been a considerable foundation. The township enterprises established in many places are engaged in product processing, transportation and marketing. Township enterprises are farmers' enterprises, especially rural collective enterprises, and they should be developed into integrated service organizations for the industrialized operation of agriculture in conjunction with farmers' production, in accordance with the function of strengthening unified services. Especially in the central and western regions of China, the development of township enterprises must be based on local resources, rather than on the processing and manufacturing of many industrial products, as in the coastal areas and city suburbs. Therefore, the development of township enterprises in the central and western regions and the realization of the industrialization of agriculture should be considered as a matter of unity, in the economically developed areas should also guide the existing agricultural processing, transportation and marketing enterprises and farmers to combine to achieve industrialization.

Four, the government in the implementation of agricultural industrialization in the responsibility

The implementation of agricultural industrialization, is the development of the rural economy, the need to increase the income of farmers, but also close the relationship between urban and rural areas, urban and rural coordinated development of the need for governments at all levels should be given sufficient attention. At the same time, we should play the role of the government to promote and guide the healthy development of agricultural industrialization. In the implementation of agricultural industrialization, the government's function is not to engage in? The government's function is not to engage in "pulling the strings" or interfering with the business activities of enterprises. Or intervene in the business activities of enterprises, but should be to play the administrative functions, in planning, guidance, support, management, more work.

Planning. Mainly according to the needs of domestic and foreign markets and the natural resources and socio-economic situation, planning the direction of local industrial development, so that the country has a reasonable layout of productive forces, to avoid a rush, repeated construction, repeated production, to overcome and reduce the blindness of production and construction.

Guidance. To transmit market information, help industrialization of all aspects of management to improve production and business management, improve economic efficiency.

Support. Industrialized management in line with the direction of agricultural economic development, in line with? Three favorable? The principle of the current in our country is still in its infancy, need to give support to promote. Industrialized management is an enterprise behavior, mainly from credit and tax support. For example, support for township and village enterprises in the central and western parts of the loan can be used to support the industrialization of business enterprises, the new agricultural product processing enterprises, to give a certain period of tax concessions and so on. Larger-scale export-oriented industrialization of agricultural product processing enterprises, give priority to the right to self-managed exports.

Management. On the basis of summarizing the experience, it is necessary to strengthen the standardized management of agricultural industrialized management, can develop some different types of agricultural industrialized management organizations model statutes and contract text, to help agricultural industrialized management organizations to strengthen internal management, clear internal responsibilities and rights of all parties, which can also reduce the rights and interests of the disputes, and is conducive to the arbitration of disputes, in order to safeguard the sustained and healthy development of the industrialized management of agriculture.