Fujian tulou is so famous. What is the history of tulou?

Fujian tulou is so famous. What is the history of tulou?

Fujian Tulou is a pearl of oriental civilization, because most of them were built by Hakka people in Fujian, so it is also called "Hakka Tulou". It is famous for its long history, various types, large scale, exquisite structure, complete functions and rich connotations, and has high historical, artistic and scientific value. It is known as "the ancient oriental castle", "the miracle of world architecture" and "the unique and mythical mountain architecture model in the world".

Folk houses with peculiar styles are scattered in Yongding, Wuping and Shanghang in western Fujian and Nanjing, Pinghe, Huaan and Zhangpu in southwestern Fujian. The most famous is the Hakka earth building in Yongding, whose modeling, decoration and construction technology are rare in the world. Tulou, commonly known as "raw tulou". It is made of raw soil as the main building material, mixed with fine sand, lime, bamboo chips, wood strips and so on. After repeated kneading, tumbling and squeezing. The roof is covered with fireproof tiles, which can be used for a long time. Tulou can be as high as five or six stories, and three or four generations live in the same building.

The 46 Fujian earth buildings that have become world cultural heritage are composed of six groups of four floors, Yongding County in Fujian Province accounts for three groups of two floors, and Nanjing County and Hua 'an County account for three groups of buildings, including Chuxi Earth Building in Yongding County, Hongkeng Earth Building in Nanjing County, Tianluokeng Earth Building in Nanjing County and Hekeng Earth Building in Hua 'an County. They are mainly distributed in the mountainous areas of western and southern Fujian, and are famous for their unique architectural style and long history and culture. It is not only the most common round tulou, but also the square tulou and the top tulou, covering the complete architectural style of tulou.

Fujian tulou is a unique large-scale rammed earth residential building in mountainous areas in the world, and it is a creative masterpiece of adobe architecture. Fujian Tulou originated in Song and Yuan Dynasties and matured in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties and the Republic of China. The oldest and youngest world heritage earth buildings are located in Chuxi earth buildings. Qing Ji Tower with a diameter of 66 meters has a history of 600 years, while Shanqing Tower with a diameter of 3 1 meter has a history of only 30 years.

The formation of Fujian Tulou is related to several famous Han immigrants from the Central Plains in history. During the Yongjia period of the Western Jin Dynasty, that is, in the 4th century, there were frequent wars and natural disasters in the north, and the local people moved southward on a large scale, which opened the prelude to the continuous migration of Han people from the Central Plains to Fujian for thousands of years. The immigrants from the Central Plains who entered southern Fujian merged with local residents, forming the Fulao nationality with Minnan dialect as its characteristic. The Han nationality in the Central Plains who migrated from Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province to the mountainous areas in western Fujian Province constitutes another important ethnic group in Fujian-the Hakka ethnic group characterized by Hakka dialect.

Fujian Tulou is located in Nanshan District, southwest Fujian, where Fulao and Hakka meet. The terrain is steep and sparsely populated. At that time, wild animals appeared and bandits were everywhere. Living in groups is not only the requirement of the deep-rooted Confucian traditional concept in the Central Plains, but also the realistic need to gather strength and resist foreign enemies. Fujian tulou is built on the mountain with reasonable layout. It absorbs the "Feng Shui" concept of traditional architectural planning in China, adapts to the living and defense requirements of people living together, and skillfully uses the narrow flat land in mountainous areas and local building materials such as raw soil, wood and pebbles. It is a self-contained, economical, strong and defensive high-rise building type with great aesthetic feeling. These unique residential buildings in mountainous areas have pushed the long-standing rammed earth technology to the extreme.