How to write an essay on the protection of intangible cultural heritage?

Five thousand years in China, scattered around the ancient village is the witness of the development of Chinese society and history, is the crystallization of Chinese farming civilization, is engraved with the light of human wisdom "living fossil".

China's villages spread over nine million six hundred thousand square kilometers, Jiangnan water town of alas Nai, a vast grassland of smoke, the Oriental island of the fishing village, the Northwest mountains of the family, the Loess Plateau of the kiln, the Northeast of the forest of the cabin, the Southwest frontier of the village of the ...... thousands of forms, charming and fascinating.

But with the development of industrial civilization, human production, the modern evolution of lifestyle, many historic districts, ancient towns, ancient villages are experiencing neglect, and even the fate of destruction.

These disappearing historical relics, what position do they occupy in China's culture, what is their current situation, and how should people now protect and utilize them? With these questions and concerns, recently Chinese and foreign experts gathered in Xitang to discuss the protection of ancient villages.

Among the more than 50 experts and scholars who came to the forum, Feng Jicai, a famous writer and painter and vice chairman of the Chinese Federation of Literature and Artists, who is known as the "keeper of folk culture," and Feng Jicai, who is known for his "scolding" and has been referred to by the media as the "guardian of the ancient city. The director of the National Research Center for Famous Cultural Cities and professor at Tongji University, Ruan Yisan, who is known for his "scolding" and has been called by the media as "the guardian of the ancient city", and the two leading figures of Japanese folklore from afar: Professor Yasuo Fukuda of Kanagawa University, Japan, and Dr. Suga Yutaka, an associate professor at the University of Tokyo, Japan.

In addition, representatives from typical ancient villages at home and abroad - Jiangxi Wuyuan, Shanxi Yuji, and Vietnam Hue - were also present, bringing more voices to the forum.

Let's borrow the wisdom of the experts and try to find a prescription for the continuation of these traditional cultures.

Declaration

Early in the morning of April 27, the silver moonlight has just receded, awakening in the ancient town of Xitang is full of vitality, birdsong, sculling sound, pedal car sound, and the wind whisking the willow of the sound of the brahmaputra curls ceaselessly ...... as the "living millennium town! "The first thing you need to do is to get a good look at the town.

At this time, Feng Jicai and Xitang town party secretary Shen Guoqiang, two people appeared early in the "Ming Qing food generation" on the second floor terrace, to participate in the CCTV Chinese International Channel program recording, the theme of the "protection of ancient villages".

The second time he came to Xitang, Feng Jicai was still the same, with a head of untamed hair, speaking impassioned.

In the past few years, he has been busy for the rescue of folk culture, traveled a lot of places, this year he put the focus of the protection of the ancient villages, he firmly believe that in the process of folk cultural heritage and rescue, the ancient villages are folk culture, "the bottom of the box", so from March 2005 to the present, he has bounced around to visit the country! The ancient villages in seven or eight provinces.

He said: "Time is running out, we do not even know how many ancient villages, how to protect? Therefore, this meeting is held here, hoping to focus on the strength of all parties to explore the future of the ancient villages of the way out.

"

"Ancient villages are the wealth of the Chinese nation's 5,000 years of farming civilization left to future generations, I do not want our future generations can only be seen in the museum sickle, hoe, that would be immensely sad.

"This is his biggest worry.

More than on one occasion, Feng Jicai used "late" to describe his feelings about Xitang, and he also more than once recounted a detail he encountered when he first arrived in Xitang: "I first arrived in Xitang last year, the mayor of the town accompanied me to walk along the shore, and as I walked, it was a little bit cooler, and I saw an old woman who was putting the window support in the window. old lady was taking the stick that supports the window up to close the window, and at the same time take a pot of flowers outside the window in.

I noticed that there was a butterfly falling on the flower pot, and the old lady picked it up and gave it a little shake, and the butterfly flew away.

Xitang has preserved even the poetry of life, and this harmony touches me.

"

Feng Jicai believes that Xitang's experience is an ecological approach to conservation, which continues the original state of local people's lives, is people-oriented, and can be used as a typical for other places to learn.

When talking about why he chose Xitang as the host of the forum, he said that in addition to the success of Xitang's conservation efforts, he was also moved by the local *** concept.

"At that time, Xitang town leaders had two sentences that impressed me particularly y, one is 'for the protection of ancient villages, the responsibility is *** thing', and the other is 'when the economic GDP and cultural preservation conflict, we have to put the root of the Stay.

'A grassroots leader can have such foresight and sense of cultural responsibility, let me see the hope.

"

With such hope, Feng brought the forum to Xitang and issued the Xitang Declaration, which aims to call for ancient village protection.

He said, "It is important to hurry, otherwise, many ancient villages may be lost before we have time to recognize it.

"

Viewpoints

A number of heavyweight experts, scholars, officials on the scene undoubtedly add color to this forum, they are in the venue of the intense collision of views is a wonderful spark.

Feng Jicai: Ancient village heritage, bigger than the Great Wall

"I have always believed that the ancient villages are China's largest cultural heritage, bigger than the Great Wall.

"Feng Jicai explains his point of view," in terms of scale, China has 5,000 to 7,000 years of farming civilization, 56 ethnic groups, 9.6 million square kilometers, about 1,600 counties, 19,000 towns, according to a town of 10 administrative villages to calculate, we have about 200,000 administrative villages.

But not all villages are ancient villages.

I originally estimated that there were about 3,000 to 5,000 ancient villages in China.

But then I heard that there are 600 to 700 ancient villages in Guizhou's Qiandongnan region alone.

So we should have a number in mind, our number of ancient villages at least over ten thousand.

"

He believes that ancient villages should meet the following criteria: a long history, rich material and non-material historical and cultural heritage, basically retaining the original village system and distinctive local characteristics.

"A village is a container of history and culture, and it is a synthesis of tangible and intangible cultural heritage.

Its architecture, its unique planning of the relationship between man and nature are its tangible heritage, and there are many intangible cultural heritages such as folklore.

"

On folklore, he added: "The folklore I am talking about includes the folklore of people's production and life, the folklore of trade and commerce, the folklore of marriage and funeral, the folklore of eating and drinking, the folklore of festivals, the folklore of beliefs, and the oral culture such as myths, stories, proverbs, and songs.

Folk theater, folk art, folk music, folk dance and other folk skills and folk crafts carried by the artists are the intangible cultural heritage of this village.

"

Why protect? Feng Jicai answered this way: "Our ancient villages have its research value, academic value, witness value, historical and cultural value, aesthetic value, appreciation value, but the ultimate value is its spiritual value.

The reason why we pass on our cultural heritage is that the ultimate goal is to pass on the unique culture of our nation, that is, to pass on our national identity, our national genes.

"

He believes that our cultural heritage has a problem, that is, since the reform and opening up, we are faced with globalization, this homogenization of culture, which has turned our culture into the same.

At the same time it is a commercial culture, where what can be a selling point is utilized, and what can't is discarded, or even destroyed.

"This is the cultural crisis of our generation, and a dereliction of duty on the part of the cultural people of our generation.

"

"Our intangible cultural heritage is from last year, but because there is no law to protect intangible cultural heritage, so now can only be made into what is what.

"But to his relief, the relevant parties are now stepping up the formulation of relevant laws.

Ruan Yisan: The village is the last "pure land"

The name "Ruan Yisan" is not unfamiliar to those who are concerned about China's heritage protection.

As an architect, he initiated the preservation of the ancient city of Pingyao in Shanxi in the early 1980s, and his most familiar work is the preservation of the ancient town of Zhouzhuang.

Under his efforts, Beijing, Xi'an, Kaifeng, Yangzhou, Luoyang and other cities were listed as national historical and cultural cities in the 1980s; Pingyao in Shanxi Province, Zhouzhuang in Jiangsu Province, Lijiang in Yunnan Province and other cities were listed as world cultural heritages in the 1990s; and in the 21st century, Ruan Yisan has been urging the ancient towns of Tongli, Nanxun, Wuzhen, Xitang and other towns to embark on the "preservation of the original flavor" program. "Keep the original flavor, expand the cultural connotation" of the road, leaving a breathtaking "water town" for China.

According to Ruan Yisan, the urban construction boom that began in the 1980s has decimated many traditional historical regions.

Many of the old cities have lost their original character and style while "changing the old look into a new one".

He said: "The roots of a nation's culture, the inheritance of a spiritual civilization, need a carrier.

And what we call intangible things, folk culture things, depends on the building and other material carriers.

So those valuable material and non-material remains should be protected.

For example, the Jiangnan Water Town, we must protect the construction of the Jiangnan Water Town: water into the city, water into the street, water, building houses, neighboring water, the characteristics of the town, which is its soul.

"

Speaking of the concept of "urban memory", Ruan Yisan cited the example of the "Shanghai Jewish Reserve", which is a witness to the friendship between the Chinese people and the Jewish people, and is now the 12th Historic Landscape District in Shanghai. Shanghai's 12th Historic Landscape District.

"During World War II, German fascists brutally massacred the Jews, and while many countries refused to accept Jewish refugees fleeing in all directions, the Chinese people, who suffered from the ravages of Japanese imperialism, kindly accepted more than 30,000 Jews.

Blumenthal, who was the U.S. Carter *** Secretary of the Treasury, was in tears when he revisited his old stomping grounds 60 years later and said to his daughter beside him, 'Remember, without Shanghai there would be no family, and without China there would be no way for us Jews to live.

'Why? It's because this neighborhood reflects the loving heart of the great Chinese people and is a milestone in living in harmony with the people of the world.

This neighborhood is the important urban memory of a generation of friendships that words cannot afford.

On the contrary, if the vehicle that carries the historical message dies, the history and culture loaded on it will inevitably be diluted or extinguished.

"

He scoffed at the idea of equating tourism with conservation: "We usually think of using conservation to develop tourism, to engage in economic development, and equate conservation with making money.

"He doesn't think conservation should revolve around commercial interests, which are inevitably behind destruction.

"Protection is not for political achievements, not for the development of tourism, in order to retain our motherland's excellent cultural heritage, the essence of national architecture, harmonious environment for man and nature to live together.

And these are the norms by which we will create new towns and new buildings in the future.

"

Taizhi Aoshima: Preserving Living Culture

Taizhi Aoshima, UNESCO's General Representative in the Asia-Pacific region, was invited to attend the forum.

In his speech, he said that ancient villages are precious tangible witnesses to the historical development of a particular culture, reflecting the evolution of people's cultural, philosophical and aesthetic values.

Compared with archaeological sites and ruins, these historical heritage communities are living heritage.

According to Taiji Aoshima, traditional lifestyles and value systems are facing serious challenges in the course of rapid economic development, social transformation, and globalization.

At the same time, traditional buildings and streets are being replaced by modern ones.

Therefore, the preservation of the intangible cultural elements of historic communities is as important as the preservation of their physical forms.

And in the efforts to preserve such heritage, it is vital to sensitize local communities to preserve their heritage and promote their participation.

He said that China is a country with a long history and civilization and is rich in cultural heritage.

While China's economy is developing rapidly, cultural heritage protection is receiving more and more attention, with the ancient cities of Pingyao and Lijiang, and the ancient villages of Xidi and Hongcun in southern Anhui province, being inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List.

He also expressed his hope that Chinese *** and non-*** institutions and organizations, as well as local associations, will be involved in heritage conservation.

Other stones

In the "China's ancient villages protection" (Xitang) International Summit Forum, Zhejiang Xitang, Jiangxi Wuyuan, Shanxi Yuji, Hue, Vietnam and other places on behalf of the experience of the speakers also for the protection of other ancient villages to provide a good reference.

Wuyuan, Jiangxi - the continuation of the cultural lineage

Wuyuan's countryside is known as "the most beautiful countryside in China".

Feng Jicai also praised Wuyuan, "The colors are so beautiful! Green bricks, gray tiles, white walls, emerald green bamboo forests, golden cauliflowers, blue mountains, red haze, just like a painting.

"

Wuyuan County *** According to the actual situation of each village, to determine the different ways of protection.

Including scenic spot type, museum type, zoning protection type and original ecological type.

Because of wuyuan territory emblematic architecture all over the countryside, unique local characteristics of nuo dance, emblematic drama, tea ceremony and other cultural splendor, so *** funded the scattered in the countryside of the ancient architecture census, registration, archives, and on this basis formulated the protective planning, at the same time set up a "wuyuan county historical and cultural villages (ancient villages) construction management leading group ", also developed a detailed rural building approval process to inhibit the phenomenon of indiscriminate demolition and construction.

In order to enhance the vitality of the ancient villages, the county also specially set up "wuyuan culture research association", the research association set up under the tea culture, folk culture, ancient building culture, emblematic merchant culture, folk art culture and folk story and so on 9 branches, responsible for the county folk folk folk culture protection excavation and organization.

This year, wuyuan Nuo dance, wuyuan Hui opera, wuyuan Huizhou three carvings, wuyuan Sheyan ink stone production technology and other 4 folk art selected national intangible cultural heritage.

Shanxi Yuji Hougou Ancient Village - Folk Museum

Hougou Ancient Village with simple farming culture, exquisite architectural culture, traditional beliefs, culture, and spiritual ecological culture, constitutes a complete folk culture system.

Especially the exquisite and chic ancient theater, Jade Emperor Hall, Guanyin Hall, etc. is called the "living fossil" of the northern folk culture.

Hougou Village was built according to the local conditions, selected the site in accordance with the trend, and chose the auspicious place to live, emphasizing the harmony of the "idyllic landscape" and the "culture of cultivation and study".

In 2005, after careful justification on the basis of the local *** of the ancient village of Hougou salvage organization and restoration and development.

At the same time also set up a working group, around the natural form of the villagers' production and life to carry out the investigation, excavation, collation, guide the work, reproduced the ancient village of the long-established folk art, a unique dietary culture, the characteristics of the regional festivals, and the preparation of the Museum of Farming and Folklore.

In the rescue and protection of the ancient village process, always through the "simple not simple, folklore is not vulgar" as the main line, in the restoration and protection process, and strive to show its simple and exquisite architecture, long and simple customs, heavy and traditional folk, so that "the idyllic scenery, simple folk, The ancient village style" jumps out.

Hue, Vietnam - Harmony between the old and the new

Hue is the capital of Thanh Thien Hue province, located in the central part of Vietnam.

Neolithic and Metal Age relics found in Hue city date back to 1000 BC, when the influence of southern archaeological cultures and northern Bronze Age cultures.

Thus from ancient times, it has been a crossroads of unique cultures and set the tone of a city of diverse styles and lifestyles.

One of the characteristics of Hue is that all the unique art forms of history have been absorbed and utilized by Hue culture, while another important characteristic is the ****existence and intermingling of court culture and popular culture.

Hue is a city, but it still preserves many traditions formed in history.

Therefore, Hue not only plays the role of a diverse city and a historical city, but it is also a museum in itself, where there are a lot of tangible and intangible cultural heritage.

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What I want is how to protect intangible cultural heritage!