Baidu know

China is a large agricultural country. According to the trend of world agriculture and the current situation of China's agricultural development, experts believe that the future of China's agricultural production will show five major trends: from "flat" to "three-dimensional" development. The use of a variety of crops in the production process of "time difference" and "space difference" for a variety of integrated technology assembly, making full use of land, light and crops, animal resources, the formation of multi-functional, multi-level, multi-channel high-yield, efficient and high-quality production model. Develop from pure agriculture to comprehensive enterprise. Based on intensive, factory-based production, to build a harmonious ecological environment for the long-term goal of man and nature, agricultural planting, breeding, environmental greening, commercial trade, tourism as one of the integrated enterprises, triggering the rise of "urban agriculture". From pure production to integrated development of planting, breeding, processing, marketing and scientific research. Change the simple production enterprises for breeding, breeding, production, storage, processing, sales of a one-stop industrialized enterprises. Even many enterprises have their own research institutions, research projects, the rise of a number of leading industrialized enterprises. From mechanization to computer self-control, digital direction. The development of agricultural mechanization has played a major role in reducing manual labor and improving production efficiency. The application of electronic computers so that agricultural machinery and equipment and its monitoring system quickly tends to automation and intelligence. The application of computerized intelligent management system in agriculture will make the agricultural production process more scientific and precise. With computers, global positioning system (GI), geographic information system (GIS) and a variety of testing instruments and measuring instruments for the use of agricultural machinery, will guide people according to a variety of variations in the value of the situation in real time on the ground to take the appropriate agricultural operations, which give meaning to the digitalization of agriculture. From the land to factories, oceans, deserts, and space. Biotechnology, new materials, new energy technology, information technology to make agriculture off the land is becoming a reality, the realization of the factory, the emergence of white agriculture, blue agriculture, and even in the future space agriculture.

The importance of the Tenth Five-Year Plan lies in the fact that it is the first five-year plan of the new century, the first five-year plan after the initial establishment of the socialist economic system in China, the first five-year plan after China's accession to the WTO and the first five-year plan for the realization of the third strategic goal proposed by Comrade Xiaoping. The Proposals on the Tenth Five-Year Plan formulated by the Fifth Plenary Session of the Fifteenth Central Committee of the CPC and the Outline adopted by the National People's Congress have put the issue of reform and development of agriculture and rural areas in a very important position, and if the issues of agriculture, rural areas and farmers are not well resolved, the goal of the Tenth Five-Year Plan will be very difficult to be realized. "Plan will be very difficult to achieve the goals.

"Tenth Five-Year Plan" in the affirmation of "Ninth Five-Year Plan" period of agricultural and rural economic achievements at the same time pointed out that the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" period of agriculture and rural areas there are still many outstanding problems.

The growth of farmers' income is facing great difficulties. From the national point of view, there is a serious situation that has never been seen since the reform. During the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" period, there are three years of agriculture is an absolute reduction in income, in 1997 per capita by 34 yuan, in 1998 per capita reduction of 56 yuan, in 1999 per capita reduction of 46 yuan, farmers selling agricultural products in the three years of income per capita reduction of 134 yuan, greatly dampened the enthusiasm of farmers. This year's Document No. 2 of the Central Committee focused on the issue of farmers' income, pointing out that, if the increase in the supply of agricultural products fails to bring benefits to farmers, the hard-won balance between supply and demand will be reversed; if farmers' purchasing power is not increased, the policy of expanding domestic demand will not achieve the expected results; if farmers' lives are not improved, the factors that affect the stability of the rural society will increase; if farmers' input and accumulation capacity is not strong, it will be difficult to adapt to the intensely competitive situation of the day, and China's agriculture will not be able to meet the challenges of the future. It will be difficult to adapt to the increasingly fierce competition in the international market; agriculture and rural economy can not be stable development, the good situation of the national economy will be difficult to maintain.

The Tenth Five-Year Plan puts forward four specific targets for the development of agriculture and rural economy:

By the end of the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, the share of agricultural value added in GDP will drop to less than 13%. With the development of the economy, the decline in agricultural value-added is an inevitable trend, but the important position of agriculture in the national economy will not be reduced, the support for the national economy, on the contrary, more and more. This year, a period of time facing the important and prominent issue is, in the proportion of agriculture in the GDP is declining in the process of how to strengthen and consolidate the basic position of agriculture.

By the end of the "Tenth Five-Year" period, the livestock industry accounted for the ratio of agricultural value added to increase to more than 35%. The development of animal husbandry for the adjustment of agricultural structure, promote the further development of agriculture, expand the agricultural market, increase the economic efficiency of agriculture, increase the income of farmers, and improve the food structure of the people have an extremely important role.

During the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" period, another 40 million surplus agricultural laborers will be transferred. In the previous five-year plans, the transfer of surplus agricultural labor mainly relied on the development of township and village enterprises, but now it is mainly through the mobility of farmers into the city to solve the problem of employment.

During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, the per capita net income of farmers will increase by an average of 5% per year.

These four indicators not only discuss the status and role of agriculture in the national economy, but also emphasize the structural adjustment of agriculture, and also discuss the changes in the layout of the population, the layout of the labor force, the pattern of employment, and the growth of people's incomes, which cover a very large amount of these four indicators, both exciting and difficult.

On agricultural modernization. The process of modernization is a process of continuous development and evolution. Agricultural modernization is also an evolving and dynamic concept. The study of foreign modernization can not copy the external form, but to grasp the inner essence, according to the country's national conditions. The study of agricultural modernization must be closely integrated with the current stage, China is at the stage where the task of industrialization has not yet been completed and the era of informationization has already arrived. In the process of agricultural modernization, it is necessary to make use of the direct results of industrialization, but also to speed up the construction of agricultural modernization by means of informationization on a large scale. In the new situation to study the modernization of agriculture must grasp the pulse of the times, the characteristics of the stage, aiming at the international market, aiming at the international level, according to the different historical background of the development of agriculture in different parts of the world, the natural conditions to formulate plans, outlines, indicators.

At present, China's use of high-tech transformation of traditional agriculture in the technical route, we must pay attention to the current situation of China's agricultural technology structure and the conditions of the rural economy, the implementation of technical routes should be able to promote the optimization of the technical structure. In terms of technical structure, we should establish a diversified and composite agricultural technical structure; in terms of technical route, we should choose a comprehensive agricultural technical route oriented by biotechnology and organic technology and supplemented by engineering technology. Highlight the key points in the comprehensive development, seize the breakthrough point of agricultural technological innovation in the direction of high-tech development, and actively and steadily promote agricultural technological innovation and agricultural industrialization.

(ii) vigorously develop fine agriculture The reason for the use of fine-form production methods, first of all, land, water, energy and other natural resources are becoming increasingly scarce, in order to economically utilize a variety of limited resources can only be taken to the four major intensive: technology-intensive, labor-intensive, capital-intensive and ecologically intensive means. Secondly, the use of fine-form production methods makes it possible to produce on land or in spaces where agricultural production was not possible or difficult in the past. For example, arid and water-scarce areas, steep slopes in mountainous areas, salty mudflats and even swampy desert areas can be transformed into production bases using hydroponics. Instead of using land, hydroponics uses a nutrient solution to produce under controlled environmental conditions. This not only extends the production season but also expands the production space. In the Middle East, some hot, arid and water-scarce areas, where fresh vegetables could not be produced in the past, have now solved the problem with hydroponics. Thirdly, if developing countries, in the process of industrialization, adopt a sophisticated form of agricultural production and create high-technology, high-income agriculture, they will certainly attract young people to take root in the countryside, making it a truly promising place. Fourthly, fine-form agriculture can become a center for tourist agriculture and leisure agriculture in areas with convenient transportation and beautiful scenery, provided that it is slightly equipped and operated. In this way, not only can increase income, promote the sale of agricultural products, but also allow urban residents to enjoy the idyllic scenery; pastoral mood.

(C) information agriculture in the ascendant contemporary world is entering the information age from the industrialized period. Computer multimedia technology, fiber optic and communication satellite technology as the characteristics of the wave of information technology is sweeping the world. Similarly, modern information technology is also being penetrated into the field of agriculture, the formation of information agriculture. The basic features of information agriculture can be summarized as follows: informationization of agricultural basic equipment, comprehensive automation of agricultural technology operations, and networking of agricultural management information. Information agriculture and includes two elements: one is the informationization of agriculture, the second is the industrialization of agricultural information.

The so-called agricultural informatization is part of social informatization. It is first of all a socio-economic form, is the development of agricultural economy to a particular process of conceptual description. It not only includes computer technology, should also include microelectronics technology, communications technology, photoelectric technology, remote sensing technology and other technologies in agriculture on the general and systematic application of the process. Agricultural informatization is the development of traditional agriculture to modern agriculture and the evolution of the process of information agriculture, the performance of agricultural tools based on manual operation or semi-mechanized operation to knowledge-based technology and information control equipment based on the transformation process.

Agricultural informatization has three distinctive features: (1) agricultural information technology is given priority in the development of other technological sequences; (2) the role of information resources in agricultural production and agricultural business is becoming more and more prominent, and farmers are paying more attention to using information to guide production and sales; (3) the development of information industry largely promotes the development of township and village enterprises and optimizes the internal structure of agriculture. According to some prediction standards, when the added value of a country's information industry in agriculture reaches or exceeds 50% of the total agricultural output value, it is considered that agriculture has realized informatization.

The so-called agricultural information industrialization is the collection of agricultural information, processing, transmission, feedback, services, etc. to form an integrated, information consulting-based knowledge-intensive industry, which is a new independent tertiary industry in the rural social services, is the inevitable trend of rural social and economic development. Agricultural information industrialization is the development of a good two high agricultural needs, is the need for farmers to enter the market, is to promote the need for rural socialized services, is the agricultural information sector to change functions, the need for self-development, is the inevitable trend of rural economic development.

Currently, the construction of agricultural modernization must start from China's national conditions and the stage of development, to focus on ten aspects of work:

The construction of agricultural production conditions. The most important agricultural production conditions are farmland water conservancy basic construction, facilities for agricultural construction and ecological environment construction. Zhejiang Province has always attached considerable importance to the construction of agricultural production conditions, recently, and attaches great importance to the construction of the ecological environment, and vigorously develop organic agriculture, ecological environment, green food, which does grasp the direction of market changes, which can improve international competitiveness. Progress in agricultural production tools. It is to organically combine the progress of information technology and traditional tools.

The modernization of agricultural labor objects. Seeds are the crystallization of agricultural science and technology, and are the carrier of a large number of scientific and technological achievements. Provide farmers with excellent seeds, is to give farmers the biggest benefit. The modernization of the object of agricultural labor, the key is to use advanced breeding technology to modernize the seed itself, thereby increasing agricultural productivity.

Scientific cultivation and technology. It is to focus on the construction of quality and safety standards system for agricultural products, the establishment of scientific production practices, and the provision of standardized technical services.

Scientific and cultural cultivation of farmers to meet the requirements of modern agriculture. To attach great importance to the training of farmers, to cultivate modern farmers. To form a more complete rural adult education and vocational training network system, through training, comprehensively improve the quality of rural workers, laying a solid foundation for the development of modern agriculture.

Modern processing, storage and transportation, preservation technology. The importance of agricultural products processing is becoming more and more prominent, through the transformation and processing, the essence of the primary agricultural products extracted, to produce a higher nutritional value, higher economic value, popular with consumers of food, and constantly expand sales.

Modernization of farmers' business organizations. "Company + farmers" is a good form, but there is a disconnect between the company with large assets and smaller farmers to establish an equal negotiating position is unlikely. Therefore, the company and farmers should establish a professional association of agricultural products between the professional association composed of farmers to negotiate with the company, to improve the negotiating position of farmers, and to monitor the farmers' own behavior. At the same time, leading enterprises should also gradually set up professional industry associations to become a self-regulation and behavioral self-regulation of the main body.

Modernization of agricultural market system. In recent years, the modern market construction of agricultural products, hardware facilities and systems and regulations have established a lot of attention to the construction of the market information system, the key is to provide farmers with complete and accurate information.

Establishment of strict quality management of agricultural products. In the past, people mainly focus on the nutritional content of agricultural products, and now pay more attention to safety. Since it is modern agriculture, there will be a large number of non-traditional inputs, some of which are destructive to the safety of food and need attention.

Modern agriculture needs government support and protection. After China's accession to the WTO, the means of support and protection of agriculture should be adjusted in accordance with the rules of the WTO. Our past policies to support agriculture, there are two of the biggest problems is that agricultural subsidies are too much subsidies in the price, subsidies in the circulation of the link, both of which are listed as WTO's yellow box subsidies, is subject to WTO restrictions. After joining the WTO, China allows only two types of subsidy policy, one is the government's subsidies aimed at improving the potential quality of agriculture and farmers, do not directly distort the price, known as the green box policy; the other type of subsidies that have the potential to distort the price, known as the yellow box policy.