Briefly summarize the stories in the four famous Chinese novels (about 50 words)

In our country, the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Water Margin, Dream of the Red Mansion, Journey to the West is called by the majority of readers as the "four great masterpieces", a few can be said to be a household name, known to women and children. And the ancients also have a cloud: "...... read the Three Kingdoms is better than reading the Water Margin. Water Margin text is true, although better than the illusion of the Western Tour, but there is no arbitrary rise and fall, and its craftsmanship is not difficult, but the final is not like the Three Kingdoms to narrate a certain thing, there is no room for change. And pawn can craft the heart of the difficult, and the abundance of talent in the Three Kingdoms, written to each outstanding, but also out of Wu with Gongsun Sheng and other million people. I say that the talented book of the purpose, it is appropriate to the Romance of the Three Kingdoms for the first."

<<Water Margin>>

"Water Margin" is a great novel written by the author, Shi Nai-an, based on his own life experience and the great peasant uprisings of the Northern Song Dynasty. The novel tends to sharply depict the actions of the people against oppression. It summarizes the path of struggle from awakening to revolt for different classes of people at that time. It is these artistic achievements that have made Water Margin one of the four great literary masterpieces of ancient China.

The Water Margin is a long heroic saga, one of the masterpieces of ancient Chinese novels, created with the story of Song Jiang's uprising as a clue. Song Jiang Uprising took place in the Northern Song Dynasty during the reign of Emperor Huizong, as recorded in the History of the Song Dynasty's Huizong Benji, Hou Meng's Biography, and Zhang Shuyi's Biography. Since the Southern Song Dynasty, the story of Song Jiang's uprising has been circulating in the folklore, "Drunken Weng Chat Records" recorded some independent legends about the heroes of the Water Margin, "Great Song Xuanhe Remains" linked many Water Margin stories together, and the full-length novels have been very close. In the Yuan Dynasty, many Water Margin plays appeared, and a number of Liangshan heroes appeared as stage images.

Water Margin is the story of Song Jiang's revolt in the folklore on the basis of long-term circulation, absorbing the nutrients of folk literature.

"Water Margin" is one of the most favorite classical novels in vernacular. It was produced in the Ming Dynasty, on the basis of the stories, books and operas about Water Margin since Song and Yuan, processed, organized and created by the author. The main theme of the book is the peasant uprising led by Song Jiang, which artistically reproduces the tragic picture of the ancient Chinese people's resistance to oppression and heroic struggle. The work fully exposes the decadence and brutality of the feudal ruling class, reveals the sharp social contradictions at that time and the cruel reality of "official oppression of the people", and successfully portrays a number of heroes, such as Lu Zhishen, Li Kui, Wu Sung, Lin Chong, and Ruan Xiaoqi, etc. The story has twists and turns, and the story of Song Jiang's peasant uprising is a very interesting one. The novel has twists and turns in the storyline, vivid language, distinctive characters, and a high degree of artistic achievement. However, the work praises and glorifies Song Jiang and advocates "loyalty and righteousness" and "acting on behalf of heaven", showing serious ideological limitations.

<<Journey to the West>>

The Journey to the West mainly depicts the story of Sun Wukong's journey to fetch the scriptures from the West, which was a very difficult task for Monk Tang. The Tang Monk's quest for scriptures is a real thing in history. About 1,300 years ago, that is, the first year of Emperor Taizong Zhenguan of the Tang Dynasty (627), the young monk Xuanzang, who was only 25 years old, left the capital city of Chang'an, and traveled to the Tianzhu (India) to study. After his departure from Chang'an, he traveled through Central Asia, Afghanistan, and Pakistan, and finally arrived in India after enduring hardships and dangers. He studied there for more than two years and was acclaimed as the chief lecturer at a large debate on Buddhist scriptures. In the 19th year of Zhenguan (645), Xuanzang returned to Chang'an and brought back 657 Buddhist scriptures. He took the scriptures in the West, before and after nineteen years, traveling tens of thousands of miles, is a legendary long journey, sensational. Later, Xuanzang dictated the westward journey, by the disciple of the defense of the machine recorded into the "Great Tang Western Regions" twelve volumes. But this book is mainly about the road to see the history of the countries, geography and transportation, there is no story. And to his disciples Hui Li, Yen-Tsang wrote the "Great Tang Ci'en Temple Sanzang Venerable Master Biography", for the experience of Xuanzang added a lot of mythological color, from then on, the story of the Tang Monk scriptures began to be widely circulated in the folklore. In the Southern Song Dynasty, there is the Poetry Story of the Three Tibetans of the Tang Dynasty fetching scriptures; in the Jin Dynasty, there are the Three Tibetans of the Tang Dynasty and the Peach Party; in the Yuan Dynasty, there are the Tang Sanzang fetching scriptures from the Western Paradise of Wu Changling and the Erlang Shen locking up the Qi Da Sheng of Anonymous, which have laid the foundation of the creation of the Journey to the West. It was on the basis of the folklore and the books and operas that Wu Cheng'en completed this great, great literary masterpiece that made the Chinese nation proud, after painstaking re-creation. Wu Cheng'en, the word Ruzhong, the number of the Shiyang mountain people, Huai'an Province, Shanyang (present-day Huai'an City, Jiangsu Province) people. He was born between the 13th year of Hongzhi and the early years of Zhengde (1500-1510) and died in the 10th year of the Wanli reign (1582). Wu Cheng'en's great-grandfather and grandfather were both scholars and served as instructors and oracles in county schools. However, when his father, Wu Rui's generation, was poor, he went out to the Xu family and "inherited the business of the Xu family and sat in the restaurant", becoming a small merchant. Nevertheless, the Wu family did not lose the tradition of studying. It is said that his father, Wu Rui, although a merchant, not only is decent, but also good reading, good talk about current politics, which naturally have a greater impact on Wu Chengen. Wu Cheng'en was very smart from a young age, entered the school at an early age, and became famous in the countryside. Tianqi "Huai'an Fu Zhi" Volume 16, said Wu Chengen "sensitive and intelligent, Boji group of books, for poetry and literature, the next pen into." But the adult Wu Chengen is not very smooth, in the imperial examination into the body of the road has been repeatedly frustrated, to more than 40 years old to make up for a yearly tribute to the student, more than 50 years of age has served as a county minister in Changxing, Zhejiang Province, and later served as a king of the House of King of Jing Jisan, which is the same as the level of county ministers almost the same level of leisure position. Wu Cheng'en created "Journey to the West" is about after middle age, or that is the later years of the work, the specific time can not be determined. In addition to the Journey to the West, he also composed a long poem, Erlang Soushan Tu Ge (Song of Erlang Searching the Mountain), and Yuding Zhi (Record of Yuding). The four surviving volumes of The Draft of the Survival of Shiyang Xian, including one volume of poems and three volumes of prose, were compiled and edited by Qiu Du after Wu Cheng'en's death. The whole book of Journey to the West is one hundred times, which can be divided into three parts in terms of its general structure. The first to the eighth time is the first part, mainly wrote the Sun Wukong born, worship teacher, havoc in the Palace of Heaven, this is the most wonderful chapter of the book, hilarious, the Sun Wukong up to the sky and into the ground a good toss, will be his rebellious character to show to the fullest. The eighth to the twelfth is the second part, which mainly writes about the origin of the Tang Monk and the reason for fetching scriptures. The thirteenth to the last time is the third part, mainly written about the Tang monk in the west to get the scriptures, on the way has received the Sun Wukong, pig eight quit, sand and Shang three disciples, and through the nine hundred and eighty-one difficulties, and finally took the real scriptures, cultivated the right fruit.

The Journey to the West shows people a colorful world of gods and demons, and people are amazed at the author's rich and bold artistic imagination. However, any literary work is a reflection of a certain social life, and Journey to the West, as an outstanding representative of the novels of gods and demons, is no exception. As Mr. Lu Xun pointed out in "A Brief History of Chinese Novels", "Journey to the West" is "a satirical and derisive account of the state of the world at that time, with exaggerated descriptions". Also said: "the author's endowment, 'good at harmonizing the drama', so although the story of the change of things out of the blue, but also mixed with the words of understanding, so that the gods and devils have human feelings, and the charm is also through the world." Indeed. Through the imaginary world of gods and demons in Journey to the West, we can see the projection of the real society everywhere. For example, in the creation of the image of the Monkey King, the author's ideals have been placed. Sun Wukong's indomitable spirit of struggle and his fearlessness to fight against all demons and devils reflect the wishes and demands of the people. He represents a kind of righteous power, showing the people's belief in victory over all difficulties. Another example is the demons encountered on the way to fetch the scriptures, which are either illusions of natural disasters or symbols of evil forces. Their greed, ferocity, insidiousness and cunning are also the characteristics of the dark forces in the feudal society. Not only that, the Heavenly Palace ruled by the Jade Emperor and the Western Elysium governed by Buddha Rulai are also strongly painted with the colors of the earthly society. The author's attitude towards the supreme ruler of the feudal society is also quite interesting. In Journey to the West, it is simply impossible to find a competent emperor; as for the dim-witted Jade Emperor, the king of the Chechi Kingdom who favors monsters, and the king of the Bichu Kingdom who wants to use children's hearts and livers as medicine, they are either dimwits or tyrants. The portrayal of these images, even if it is a handful, is always of strong practical significance. The Journey to the West not only has a profound ideological content, but also has a high artistic achievement. It is rich and peculiar artistic imagination, vivid and twisted storyline, vivid characters, humorous and witty language, constructed a unique "Journey to the West" art palace. But I think the greatest achievement of Journey to the West in art is the successful creation of the Monkey King and Piggy's two immortal artistic images. Sun Wukong is the first main character in Journey to the West, a very remarkable hero. He has infinite skills, is not afraid of the sky or the earth, and has an unyielding spirit of resistance. He has the extraordinary temperament of a great hero and the disadvantage of listening to compliments. He is witty and courageous, but also witty and hilarious. And his greatest characteristic is that he dares to fight. Dare to fight with the supreme Jade Emperor, the flute is called the "Great Sage of Qi Tian" reputation; with the demons and monsters dare to fight, fiery eyes will never let go of a demon, such as under the Golden Hoop Stick will never be merciful to the demons; with all the difficulties dare to fight, never retreat and bow down. This is the Monkey King, a glorious mythological hero. When it comes to Piggy, his ability than the Monkey King can be far worse, not to mention what glorious and lofty, but this image is also portrayed very well. Piggy is a comedic image, he is honest and simple, has the strength, but also dare to fight with the demons, is the first right-hand man of the Monkey King. But he is full of faults, such as delicious, good to take advantage of small gains, good women, afraid of difficulties, often have to beat the drum, the heart of the old thinking about the daughter-in-law of Gao Laozhuang; he sometimes love to tell a lie, can be clumsy and said not round; he also occasionally provoke the Tang Monk to read the tightly-banded incantation, so that the Sun Wukong ate some pain; he even hid a little private money, stuffed in the ear. His faults are really many, which are exactly the vices of small privateers. The author's criticism of Piggy's shortcomings is harsh, yet well-intentioned. He is not a negative character, so people do not dislike Piggy, but on the contrary feel very real and lovely. The image of the Tang Monk is also well written, but compared to the Monkey King and Porky Pig, it is much inferior. Monk Sha is even more lack of distinctive character traits, which can not be said to be the "Journey to the West" of the shortcomings. Nevertheless, "Journey to the West" in the art of achievement is still very amazing, the Monkey King, Piggy's two images, with its distinctive personality characteristics, in the history of Chinese literature set up a monumental monument of art.

<<Dream of Red Mansions>>

"The paper is full of ridiculous words, a handful of bitter tears. The author is obsessed, who understands the flavor of it?" Said endless "Dream of Red Mansions", said endless Cao Xueqin. From the "Dream of Red Mansions" has been written so far, there are more than two hundred years, but about Cao Xueqin's "words" and "Dream of Red Mansions" "flavor", but it is a matter of opinion, and each family said that each family solution. Many red scientists spend their lives, but also only "unique" a word, a few

No conclusions.

Red debate for more than a hundred years, there are a lot of enigmas far from the more discerning, cracked the day, but more cloudy and unclear. Like something very basic, "Dream of Red Mansions" is not Cao Xueqin wrote, there are many say. Further, Cao Xueqin's place of origin in the end where? Was he a Han Chinese or a Manchu? What year was he born? How old was he? Which dynasty was the Dream of the Red Chamber written about? From the "Li-Yan-Zhai re-assessment of the Stone Book", "Dream of Red Mansions" manuscript of one hundred and ten times is written, the last thirty times and why lost? After forty is not Gao Osprey continued? Lip Yanshai is male or female? What is the relationship between Cao Xueqin, Li Yanzhai and Terrible Watso? ...... Questions about "Dream of the Red Chamber" can be listed on a long list.

The Museum of Modern Chinese Literature invited Feng Qiyong, Zhou Ruchang, Wang Meng, Cai Yijiang, Li Xifan, Sun Yuming, and Hu Deping, three generations of red scientists in China, to the museum to give lectures on the Dream of Red Mansions, and to discuss the many questions. This book is a collection of lectures, twelve topics, which helps to savor the Dream of Red Mansions and appreciate more of its deeper meaning.