How is Wushu culture classified according to culture?

Wushu culture can also be analyzed according to the theory of three levels of culture. According to Mr. Kang's classification, the surface of Wushu structure is the form of Wushu, including Wushu achievements, routines and fighting. The middle layer of Wushu structure is Wushu action, which is the basic unit of sports form-unarmed and armed equipment; The deep layer of Wushu structure is the sum of Wushu consciousness that guides movements and sports forms, such as Wushu values and ways of thinking. The outer layer and the middle layer can be combined into one technical layer. According to the three levels of culture, the teaching materials of physical education colleges divide the structure of Wushu cultural form into three levels: the technical level of objects, the institutional custom level and the psychological value level.

The "technical layer of objects" includes martial arts technology, martial arts equipment, martial arts training equipment, venues, clothing and so on. , showing a relationship between people; The "system custom layer" mainly includes Wushu organization mode, Wushu inheritance mode, Wushu teaching mode, Wushu etiquette standard, Wushu moral content, Wushu competition mode and so on. This is a relationship between everyone; "Psychological value layer" mainly includes national character, national psychology and national emotion embodied in Wushu culture. Concise, it means that skill and technique are the outer layer, ceremony and art are the middle layer, and Tao and reason are the core layer. This classification adds elements of competitive sports such as venues and competition methods, but the internal explanation can better reflect the cultural value of Wushu. Mr. Zhou divides traditional Wushu into three levels: the dominant level of boxing routines and instrument technology, the middle level of training inheritance and etiquette norms, and the hidden level of values and aesthetic taste. This classification is concise, but the explanation of internal culture is not comprehensive enough.

From the reality of Wushu, the overall structure of Wushu culture should include three progressive levels: Wushu (technology), Wushu (technology and traditional culture) and Wushu (philosophy and life), the inheritance of mentoring and martial arts, and the space of Wushu culture formed by inheritors.

Cultural space is a term in intangible cultural heritage. From 65438 to 0998, UNESCO divided the oral and intangible cultural heritage of human beings into two categories, one is various "expressions of traditional folk culture", including traditional forms of communication and information such as language, literature, music, dance, games, myths, etiquette, habits, handicrafts and architecture, and the other is cultural space. In the first list of *** 19 representative works of human oral and intangible heritage published by UNESCO in 20001,five of them belong to the phenomenon of "cultural space", such as Russian Meschi cultural space and oral culture. In the Opinions on Strengthening the Protection of China's Intangible Cultural Heritage issued by the General Office of the State Council, China, "cultural space" is regarded as a basic category of intangible cultural heritage and defined as "a place where traditional cultural activities are held regularly or traditional cultural expressions are displayed intensively, which is both spatial and timely." From the definition of cultural space, we can see that cultural space refers to valuable cultural space or time, where valuable traditional cultural activities and folk cultural activities can be held. These activities are regular and fixed places for cultural activities. Because cultural space is a new concept and understanding, it has not been paid attention to in China's cultural protection.

Wushu, as one of the representative projects of China traditional culture, has many valuable cultural spaces that need to be recognized and protected. For example, Shaolin Kung Fu is one of the representative events of Wushu. Its core content is by no means hundreds of boxing routines and techniques. Its 1500-year history is a unique "cultural space" combined with the specific Buddhist cultural environment of Songshan Shaolin Temple and the practice of martial arts by monks. The overall understanding and protection of this cultural space is more comprehensive than just understanding and protecting Shaolin Wushu technology, which is more in line with the phenomenon and reality of intangible cultural heritage. The concept of "cultural space" enables us to further understand the overall structure of Wushu culture. For example, Wushu's "master-apprentice inheritance" and "oral transmission, body transmission and psychological education" can also be regarded as the cultural space of Wushu. Therefore, the cultural space of Wushu should be an integral part of Wushu culture.

Understanding the overall structure of Wushu culture is very important for studying Wushu communication and cultural inheritance. The formulation and implementation of Wushu policies for many years, the debate between competitive Wushu and traditional folk Wushu, and the current high evaluation of Wushu education by Wushu scholars are all related to the understanding of the overall structure of Wushu culture. In fact, the overall structure of China Wushu has never been really understood, even at home. Even the students majoring in Wushu in physical education colleges think that several Wushu routines or competitive Wushu Sanda they have learned are Wushu. Understanding the overall structure of Wushu is very important for its long-term development and the inheritance of Wushu culture. The result of the partial inheritance of Wushu is that Wushu culture is gradually lost, which completely belongs to the category of western sports. Wushu is a unique cultural phenomenon with a complete cultural form and space, which is the key to understanding Wushu culture.