How did Cantonese come from?

One of the important dialects in southern China. Guangzhou dialect in a broad sense, also known as "Guangfu dialect" and "vernacular", belongs to Guangfu dialect and is a representative dialect of Cantonese, which is popular in the Pearl River Delta, parts of central and northern Guangdong and southeastern Guangxi with Guangzhou as the center. Guangzhou dialect in a narrow sense refers to Guangzhou dialect, especially Cantonese, which is popular in Guangzhou. Guangzhou dialect evolved from ancient Chinese, and its formation and development went through a long process. Before the Qin Dynasty, the ethnic minorities living in Guangdong and Guangxi were called "Nanyue" (a kind of Baiyue), including Zhuang, Yao, Li and Tujia. After Qin Shihuang sent troops to guard Lingnan, he started the pioneer of early Chinese and fusion language. However, some scholars believe that "the earliest source of Cantonese should be the result of Chu people moving south and Chu language coming south" (Guangdong Dialect by Li Xinkui). From the Han Dynasty to the Tang and Song Dynasties, the Han nationality in the Central Plains migrated to Lingnan continuously, which promoted the development and stereotypes of Cantonese. Cantonese has not changed much since Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. On the one hand, Guangzhou dialect inherits and retains the characteristics of ancient Chinese, on the other hand, it also absorbs some non-Chinese elements from the south, which is very different from Mandarin and other dialects and has its own unique phonetic characteristics. (1) has no voiced initial, and retains the pronunciation of the ancient micro vowel M-, which combines the three streams of ancient essence, knowledge and Ming. Gu Xiao and Xi Mu read F-, such as "Huan [FUN55]" and "Fu N35]", ancient -M, -N,-? The vowels of -P, -T and -K remain the same, and the long and short vowels a,? A group of vowels. (2) There are as many as nine tones: Yin and Yang are divided horizontally, and the Yin tone (consonants from ancient voiceless sounds) and Yang tone (voiced sounds from ancient times) are well matched. There are three tones, including entering Yin (upper yin), entering Zhong Yin (lower yin) and entering Yang, with long vowels entering in the middle and short vowels entering Yin, such as "ba [PAT3]" and ". (3) Tone sandhi is not obvious, but there are abundant semantic sandhi, such as Mao: Mao [MOU2 1] Mao → Mao [MOU55] (moldy), "pian" [PHIN33]→[PHIN35] (shit). (4) There are many monosyllabic ancient words, such as "neck" and "hope"; Some words may come from ancient Chu language (such as "Kan") and ancient Zhuang Dong language (such as "Xiang"); The word order of some disyllabic words is different from that of Mandarin, such as "neat"; There are many foreign words, such as "ball" and "peptide (iron)"; There are some unique words, such as "distribution" (things) and? ? "(for the next meal)" bang "(take) and" beauty "(beautiful) (5) Grammatically, quantifiers can form quantifier phrases with nouns alone, such as "What beautiful clothes", and some adverbials can be postpositioned, such as "Go first"; The word order of the comparative sentence "I am older than you (I am older than you)" and the double-object sentence "Give him a pen (give him a pen)" is different from that of Mandarin, and some aspects (such as reply and continuation) are also very special. The influence of Guangzhou dialect in social communication and reform and opening up should not be underestimated. Many non-Cantonese speakers in China and the world learn and use Cantonese. Guangzhou dialect is an important carrier of local culture in Cantonese, which is of great value to the preservation of traditional culture. In terms of language, Guangzhou dialect retains many characteristics of ancient Chinese, which is of great significance to the study of ancient Chinese. The editor's definition of Cantonese in this paragraph is a language that originated in the Central Plains (the mother tongue of the Han nationality), spread to Guangdong and Guangxi during the Qin and Han Dynasties, and merged with the local ancient Vietnamese. It is also the mainstream language in Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao, so it is called Cantonese or vernacular. Since ancient times, Guangdong and Guangxi have been connected by mountains and rivers, and people are connected. Guangdong and Guangxi were inseparable until the Song Dynasty. Cantonese was formed much earlier than in the Song Dynasty, which is why Cantonese is only popular in Guangdong and Guangxi. Speaking of the birthplace of Cantonese, most experts believe that it originated from Guangxin in Cangwu County in ancient times (ancient Guangxin, that is, most areas in Wuzhou, Guangxi and a few areas in Fengkai, Guangdong). Cangwu county in ancient times was located in the center of Guangdong and Guangxi, and its jurisdiction was equivalent to Wuzhou, Zhaoqing and Hezhou today. Gui Jiang (Lishui) in the north is connected with the Yangtze River system via Lingqu and Xiangjiang River. The mainstream of the Pearl River, Xijiang, the mother river of Lingnan across Guangdong and Guangxi, passes through the county seat. Guangxin, the capital of southern China, is very important! Academically, Cantonese is different from Cantonese. Cantonese refers to the Chinese language that originated in the Xia Dynasty, which is Cantonese relative to Mandarin. The source of the word "Guangdong" in Cantonese is not the abbreviation of "Guangdong Province", but the "Nanyue State" in ancient Lingnan and the generalized "Guangdong" extended by later generations. So "Cantonese" is not equal to "Cantonese". Of course, just as Americans will refer to their own language as "English", Cantonese, although unclear in concept, still has its significance because it is widely used in Hongkong, Macau, overseas Chinese and people in other provinces of China. Cantonese refers to dialects popular in Guangdong, including Hakka dialect, Min dialect, Chaozhou dialect, Fulao dialect, Leizhou dialect, Li dialect and Shanghai dialect. Cantonese originated from ancient Chinese and absorbed some ancient Vietnamese. There are 20 initial consonants, 56 finals, nine tones and six tones, which are called Jiushi Six Tones and have three tones. The tone of Cantonese is also very different from that of the north. There are six tones, one is clear, two are clear, three are clear, four are turbid, five are turbid and six are turbid. After that, promoting sound clarity is the high entrance, promoting sound clarity is the middle entrance, and promoting sound turbidity is the low entrance. Nine o'clock. The prominent feature of Cantonese distribution in this section is along the Yangtze River. It takes the middle reaches of Xijiang River as the center, and expands outward in four channels: east, west and south. The first passage is the Xijiang River-the Pearl River, that is, along the Xijiang River eastward to Panyu (Guangzhou). Including Wuzhou in Guangxi and Zhaoqing, Fengkai, Deqing, Foshan, Guangzhou, Zhongshan, Zhuhai, Dongguan, Shenzhen, Jiangmen and other cities in Guangdong, as well as two special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macao. The second river is Xijiang-Yujiang, which goes back to Xijiang, Jiang Xun and Yujiang and reaches Jiaozhi County. Including Nanning, Chongzuo, Guigang and most counties in Guangxi. The third river is Beiliu River-Nanliu River. Including Guangxi Yulin, Beihai, Qinzhou, Fangchenggang and other cities and counties. The fourth passage is Nanjiang-Jianjiang, that is, going up Nanjiang and crossing Yunkai Mountain Range to Jianjiang Valley. Including Yunfu, Maoming, Yunnan, Luoding, Xinyi, Gaozhou, Huazhou, Zhanjiang, Wuchuan and Lianjiang in Guangdong. According to local regions, Cantonese can be divided into different categories: Cantonese dialect. Guangzhou dialect, also known as "Guangzhou dialect", is a typical representative of Cantonese, but Guangfu dialect itself is constantly changing and developing. Before 1949, the words used in Guangzhou dialect were quaint and less influenced by the northern dialect. Divided into the following categories: Nanfanshun dialect: Guangzhou itself is composed of Panyu and a part of the South China Sea, so Guangzhou dialect can actually be regarded as a special case of Nanfanshun dialect. The dialects of Guangzhou, Panyu and Nanhai are close, but the pronunciation of many words in Shunde is different from other places. For example, the pronunciation of "concave" is [NAP] instead of [lap]; " Eating is not called eating rice, but eating rice. Luoguang dialect: distributed in Zhaoqing, Sihui, Luoding, Guangning, Huaiji, Fengkai, Deqing, Yunan, Yangshan and Lianxian. Although all the phonetics and vocabulary are close to Guangzhou dialect, the intonation still retains the characteristics of the early ancient saying. For example, the high and low key of Yin Ping Tone is obviously different from that of Gao Pingtiao Tone, and the tone of Yin Ping Tone is biased (the tone value is similar to the fourth tone of Putonghua). There is almost no prevalent lazy sound in Cantonese dialect. For example, all words with non-I vowels are prefixed with initials [ng], ke [ngo 1], short [ngai2], sub [ngaa3], love [ngoi3] and evil [ngok3]. [n], [l] Distinctive pronunciation (modern) Hong Kong dialect: Before 1949, Hong Kong dialect had a strong Cantonese-Hakka mixed accent (that is, Hakka dialect spoken by Hakka people was influenced by the sound and vocabulary of Guangfu dialect, and vice versa). Among them, Jintian dialect is the representative, but this accent only exists among the elderly people in Hong Kong today. After 1949, a large number of lazy sounds began to appear in Hong Kong dialect, among which the disappearance of nasal sounds (that is, n/l is indistinguishable) and the disappearance of W- awkward sounds are the most obvious. The new generation of young people generally pronounce "you [nei]" and "I" [NGO] as [lei] and [o]. Misread "Guo" as "[gok]" and "Guo" as "Geh". This phenomenon seems to be related to a large number of foreign immigrants. For them, the pronunciation of n/l is not very different, and in most cases, confusing the two will not bring serious communication obstacles. Therefore, when they come to Hong Kong to learn this new dialect, they often give up what is difficult and take what is easy, thus diluting some indistinguishable pronunciation differences. This is also called "theory of human nature", which has also appeared in the evolution of desktop Mandarin and American English. However, before the 1980s, the mass media still tried their best to avoid lazy voices in radio and TV programs. To this day, there are still Hong Kong linguists who criticize lazy pronunciation many times and put forward the activity of "correcting pronunciation". However, the lazy voice seems to be the feature of Cantonese in Hong Kong. In most mass media and singers' performances, lazy voices are regarded as "fashionable" and "fashionable" accents. But on the whole, Hong Kong dialect and Guangzhou dialect are still very close. Edit the historical origin of this paragraph.