Characteristics of quadrangles in Beijing and their relationship with local environment

1. Beijing quadrangle is an inner quadrangle with houses in the east, west, south and north.

2. The plane layout is characterized by courtyard, which varies according to the owner's location and base. There are two entrances, three entrances, four entrances, five entrances or additional courtyards.

3. The whole quadrangle is symmetrical, with distinct grades and orderly order, such as the epitome of Beijing grades.

4. Door is the embodiment of dividing inside and outside, guiding order and status.

5. The carved patterns of quadrangles are mainly auspicious patterns, such as "Fushou" composed of bats and longevity figures, "Four Seasons Peace" implied by a vase with Chinese roses, and "Three Friends in Cold Years", "Rich Jade Pool" and "Happy Life". It shows the longing of old Beijingers for a better life.

The relationship between local environment:

1. The climate in Beijing is a typical warm temperate and semi-humid continental monsoon climate. There are many sandstorms in winter and spring in Beijing. The courtyard of quadrangle is closed and open, which can create a good microclimate inside and reduce the influence of bad weather outside.

2. The open-air transparent courtyard is both an air inlet and an air outlet, and the natural wind pressure is used for smooth ventilation.

3. Courtyard is also conducive to drainage and rainwater collection.

Siheyuan, also known as Siheyuan, is a traditional quadrangle-style building in China. Its pattern is a courtyard surrounded by houses, which usually consists of a main room, an east-west wing and an inverted room. The courtyard is surrounded in the middle, hence the name quadrangle.

Since Beijing was formally established as the capital in Yuan Dynasty, quadrangles and palaces, office buildings, blocks and hutongs in Beijing have appeared at the same time. Xiong's Analysis at the end of Yuan Dynasty recorded: "The street system is called longitude line in the north and south, and latitude line in the east and west. The street is 24 steps wide, there are 384 fire lanes and 29 streets. "

The so-called "street crossing" here is what we call hutongs and hutongs today. The land between hutongs is for people to build houses. At that time, Kublai Khan wrote to the residents of the old city that the capital was too old and the high (rich) position (serving in the imperial court) came first, so he customized eight acres of land and gave it to Jia, an official who moved to Beijing.

structure

The so-called four-in-one, "four" refers to the east, west, south and north directions, and "combination" refers to the structure that four houses are surrounded together to form a "mouth". After hundreds of years of construction, Beijing quadrangles have formed a unique Beijing style from the plane layout to the internal structure and interior decoration.

Regular quadrangles in Beijing generally sit in the East-West Hutong facing south. The basic form is that the north room (main room), the south room (inverted room) and the east and west rooms are separated on all sides, and then surrounded by high walls to form a four-in-one and open a door. The gate is located in the southeast corner of the house. Generally, there are 3 rooms in the north room, 5 rooms in the front room, 3 rooms in the east room, 3 rooms in the west room and 4 rooms in the south room, including door openings and hanging doors *** 17. If each room 1 1- 12 square meters, the total area is about 200 square meters.

There is a courtyard in the middle of Beijing quadrangle. The yard is spacious, with flowers and stones inside. Generally, begonia trees are planted in pomegranate bonsai and goldfish are raised in vats, which means good luck. It is an ideal outdoor living space, like an open-air living room, which brings the world closer to people's hearts and is most loved by people. ?

Siheyuan is a closed house with only one street gate outside. The closed door comes from Chengtiandi, which has strong privacy and is very suitable for exclusive residence. In the courtyard, all four houses are open to the courtyard, and the family is happy and beautiful.

Because the yard is spacious, you can plant trees and flowers, feed birds and fish, and pile stones to beautify the environment. Residents not only enjoy comfortable housing, but also share the beautiful world endowed by nature.

References:

Beijing quadrangle-Baidu encyclopedia