There is an urgent need for vocabulary translation of Peking Opera.

Students are the main male characters in Beijing Opera. This role has many subtypes. Laosheng is a dignified old character. These characters are gentle and elegant, and they wear appropriate clothes. One of the roles of the old students is Hong Sheng, a red-faced old man. The only two Hong Sheng characters are Guan Gong, the god of war in China, and Zhao Kuangyin, the first emperor of the Song Dynasty. The young male character is called Xiao Sheng. These characters sing in a high, shrill voice, with occasional pauses, representing the voice change period of adolescence. According to the role in society, Xiao Sheng's clothing may be complex or simple. Outside the stage, Xiao Sheng actors often associate with beautiful women by virtue of their handsome young images. Wu Sheng is a military role of a combat role. They are highly trained in acrobatics and have a natural voice when singing. There is always an old actor in the troupe. You can also add an actor from Xiao Sheng to play a role suitable for his age. In addition to these main sheng, the troupe will also have secondary sheng.

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"Dan" refers to any female role in Beijing opera. The role of Dan was initially divided into five subtypes. The elderly woman is played by Lao Dan, the martial woman is Wu Dan, the young female warrior is peking opera blues, the virtuous woman is Qing Yi, and the lively unmarried woman is Hua Dan. One of Mei Lanfang's most important contributions to Peking Opera is to create a sixth role, namely "Huashan". This role type combines Qingyi's position with Hua Dan's sexiness. A troupe will have a young dancer as the main role and an older dancer as the secondary role. Four famous dancers are Mei Lanfang, Cheng, Shang Xiaoyun and Xun Huisheng. [52] In the early days of Peking Opera, all the roles were played by men. Wei Changsheng, a male dancer in the Qing Dynasty, invented the technique of "prosthetic foot" to imitate women's foot-binding and its unique gait. The ban on actresses has also led to a controversial form of brothel-Xianggongtangzi, in which men pay to have sex with young boys dressed as women. Ironically, the acting skills learned by young people employed in these brothels have led many of them to become professional dancers in their later lives.

scenery

This Jing (Jing) is a man with a painted face. Depending on the representative of particle trouble, he will play a major or minor role. This type of role will need a strong role, so A Jing must have a strong voice and be able to exaggerate gestures. [55] Peking Opera has 15 basic facial expressions, but there are more than 1000 specific changes. Each design is unique to a specific role. These patterns and colors are regarded as traditional color symbols from China and divination of a person's facial lines, which is said to reveal personality. Easily recognizable colors include red, which represents integrity and loyalty, white, which represents evil or cunning characters, and black, which represents sound and upright characters. There are three main types of Beijing school roles. These roles include bronze hammer, Jiazi, martial arts, martial arts and acrobatics. The bronze hammer mainly plays singing, while Jiazi puts less emphasis on singing and more emphasis on body performance.

Knot (on a woman's coat)

Ugly is a male clown. Ugliness is generally a secondary role in the troupe. [57] In fact, most studies of Peking Opera classify ugly people as secondary roles. The name of this character is a homonym of the Mandarin word chou, which means "ugly". This reflects the traditional idea that the combination of ugliness and laughter of clowns can drive away evil souls. Clowns can be divided into Wen Chou and Wu Chou, Wen Chou is a civilian role such as a businessman and a jailer, and Wu Chou is a secondary military role. Wu Chou is one of the most demanding operas in Beijing Opera, because it combines comedy performance, acrobatics and strong voice. Jay Chou's characters are generally interesting and likable, but a little silly. Their clothes, ranging from simple clothes for lower-ranking roles to exquisite clothes for higher-ranking roles, may be a bit excessive. The clown's face is painted with a special color, called Xiaohua face, which is different from Beijing opera. The typical feature of this facial painting is a small piece of white chalk around the nose. This can represent stingy and mysterious nature, and it can also represent cleverness.

Beneath the clown's eccentric appearance, there is a close connection with the form of Beijing opera. Jay Chou is the role most closely associated with Ban Gu. In performances, drums and clappers are usually used for music accompaniment. Actors in Jay Chou often use Ban Gu in their personal performances, especially in the performance of the book board, which is a light poem for comedy effect. Clowns are also connected with gongs and cymbals. These percussion instruments symbolize the noisy atmosphere inspired by the lower classes and roles. Although Jay Chou's characters don't often sing, there are a lot of improvisations in their aria. This is considered as a license for a role, and the band will accompany Jay Chou's actor, even if he suddenly sings a folk song without a script. However, due to the standardization of Peking Opera and political pressure from government authorities, Jay Chou's improvisation has decreased in recent years. Jay Chou's timbre is different from other characters, because this character often speaks ordinary Beijing dialect, rather than the more formal dialect of other characters.