Elements in actual combat of wushu.

Martial arts practitioners? Stop the invasion? The traditional education method (martial arts), which is technology-oriented and guides practitioners to understand the objective laws of man, nature and society, is the guidance and guarantee of human material civilization. Now I'd like to introduce you to the elements in actual combat of Wushu. Welcome to reading.

First, speed.

Speed refers to the ability of the human body to move quickly. In other words, the ability to quickly complete an action or pass a certain distance per unit time. It includes three aspects: the ability to pass a certain distance quickly, which is called displacement speed; The ability to respond quickly to all kinds of oneself is called reaction speed; The ability to complete an action quickly is called action speed. The speed requirement of Wushu attack method is manifested in the reaction speed and action speed, and its speed is the key factor to win. In actual combat, whether you punch or kick, you should move quickly and quickly, so that you can quickly attack the defenseless or weak parts of your opponent, so as to achieve? Surprise, surprise? 、? Preemptive strike? Purpose.

Reaction speed refers to the time from the appearance of stimulus to reaction. In actual combat, the manifestations are: changing the direction, route, speed and method of action quickly according to the changes of the opponent's situation. Quick response is needed in fierce and changeable battles. The reaction speed is related to the functional state of nerve center and the sensitivity of human receptors. We often feel that people will know when they are tired and have a bad rest. On the contrary, if you are happy, focused, emotional and in good functional condition, your reaction speed will be very fast. Human receptors include retinal photoreceptors, auditory receptors and proprioceptors, which feel various neuromechanical changes in muscles. The more sensitive the receptor is, the faster it receives information and the faster it responds. So we should pay attention to training these two functions at ordinary times. For example, the training of suddenly using different signals to make the practitioners respond accordingly; Or move the target quickly, so that the practitioner can respond accordingly when the target is constantly changing.

Movement speed is related to strength, coordination, endurance, technology and other factors. It is not only related to the speed of reflex arc information transmission, but also depends on the ability of nervous system to command muscles. The stronger its command ability, the faster the action that leads to muscle contraction. These include the speed of attack and recovery with fists and legs, the action of moving forward and backward with footwork, the action of flashing, unfolding, flying and moving with posture, etc. The main methods of action speed training are: 1. Practice an action repeatedly at the fastest speed; 2. Using sounds and gestures to give instructions, practitioners can do various manipulations and leg movements according to their rhythm, or perform various footwork exercises such as turning, stepping up, stepping back and striding; 3. Accelerated running practice (short-distance turning running, emergency stop running, changing direction running, etc. ).

Second, strength.

Strength refers to the ability of human muscles to exert output effects in the state of stretching (constant length) or contracting (shortened length). What should be noted? Power? And then what? Strong? Are two different concepts. ? Strong? A kind of sports strength ability is a kind of exertion skill acquired through practice. In martial arts, there are different forms of expression, such as light and shade, rigidity and softness, reality, severity, speed and so on. Strength does not mean strength, especially hard work. For example, a farmer, with a burden of dozens of kilograms on his shoulders, walks a long way and is very powerful, but if he is given a foot, it may not be very beneficial. This is because he has no skills in sports strength and is not good at exerting strength. Strength is a very important factor in actual combat. The offensive and defensive strength is great and powerful, and the effect of hitting the other side is also remarkable. So-called? Will you fall ten times at a time? That's the truth.

Power can be divided into static power and dynamic power. Static strength refers to the strength generated when the muscle contracts and the muscle length remains unchanged. Its main function is to maintain or fix the human body in a certain position and posture without obvious displacement. Dynamic strength refers to the strength produced when muscles contract. It causes obvious displacement movement of human body and acceleration of human body and instruments; It can be divided into gravity and velocity force. Gravity mainly overcomes the load through muscle contraction. Speed-type strength is mainly measured by the acceleration generated by the body and instruments when muscles contract. For example, various techniques and fast leg movements in martial arts fighting are concrete manifestations of speed and strength. Its force is characterized by the fastest speed method in the shortest time. This force is also called. Explosive power? 、? Inch strength? . What are the main exercises in strength training? Explosive power? . There are many methods of strength training. The amount and frequency of exercise can be adjusted at any time according to everyone's specific situation.

Third, endurance.

Endurance refers to the human body's ability to keep moving. In actual combat, it often takes a long time to defeat. Without enough physical strength and endurance, you can't adapt to intense confrontation. The special endurance required in actual combat is mainly strength endurance. Because it not only requires long-term fast and powerful boxing and gold, but also requires every offensive action to be very powerful. We know that the important factor to improve human movement is that energy can not be replenished in time. Energy comes from the oxidation of energy substances in the body, mainly aerobic oxidation, and the transportation of oxygen mainly depends on the respiratory system. Therefore, if the cardiopulmonary function is good, the endurance can be good. In addition, the quality of muscle endurance is related to the types of muscle fibers. Different parts of muscles have different endurance.

The endurance quality is generally improved by anaerobic endurance training, muscle endurance training and various comprehensive endurance training such as long-distance running, variable-speed running, swimming and mountain climbing. Weight training is usually used to develop muscle endurance. The basic condition to promote the development of muscle endurance is the number of repetitions. The more repetitions, the faster the development of muscle endurance.

Fourth, flexibility.

Flexibility refers to the range of motion of joints and the elasticity and extensibility of muscle ligaments. Generally speaking, the flexibility is good, mainly depending on the range of joint activity. The range of motion of the joint is not only related to the structure of the joint itself, but also directly related to the stretching ability of soft tissues such as ligaments, tendons and muscles around the joint. In actual combat, it has good flexibility and can increase the scope of action. An inch long and an inch strong? In order to better play the power of action.

Flexibility training methods can be divided into two categories: static traction and dynamic traction. These two methods are often combined in training.

V. Sensitivity

Sensitivity refers to the ability to complete actions quickly, accurately and harmoniously. It is a comprehensive reflection of strength, speed, endurance and flexibility, including the agility of the central nervous system. It depends on the sensitivity of the cerebral cortex and the level of mastering technical skills. The so-called good sensitivity refers to the rapid conversion of excitement and inhibition of cerebral cortex, strong command ability of muscle movement, ability to control the coordination of limbs at will and complete a certain reaction action quickly and accurately. It has good sensitivity and strong reaction ability, which is very important in actual combat.

Reaction ability can be divided into acceptance ability and transformation ability. ? Acceptability? Refers to the ability to respond quickly and timely to the opponent's attack; ? Transformation ability? It refers to the ability to transform oneself in time after accepting the ability. Sensitivity is closely related to the mastery and proficiency of motor skills. The ratio of muscle to fat in the body also has some influence on sensitivity. In addition, sensitivity is also related to psychological state and emotional stability.

Sensitivity is a comprehensive quality, and there is no certain index to reflect its quality. However, it is ubiquitous in offensive and defensive fighting, such as the advance and retreat of footwork, the change of posture, the use of tactics, the reaction of offensive and defensive, and so on. There are many training methods to improve agility, such as changing direction quickly; Do exercises such as stopping, turning, starting and dodging when running; Or design complex and changeable combination actions and make various responses according to different signals.

Intransitive verb technique

Technology refers to the skills and methods that can give full play to one's physical ability and complete the action reasonably and effectively in actual combat. Generally, it can be divided into offensive techniques and defensive techniques. Offensive technique is the only means to defeat the enemy, and it is also one of the main contents of tactics. Offensive techniques can be divided into two forms: preemptive attack and defensive counterattack. A preemptive attack is an attack before an opponent. What are the preemptive attacks? Or is it better to strike first? Advantages, you can master the initiative of attack and defense, and even succeed in one fell swoop and subdue your opponent. Attack first, attack when the opponent is not ready for defense and attack, so that he can't defend well; Seize the attack when the opponent's old strength is skipped and the new strength is not issued, so it is too late to change strength and tactics; Attack before the opponent makes a mistake, so that it is too late to make new judgments and reactions. Rush, is it? Preemptive strike? If you want to play, you must act quickly, suddenly and bravely. Aauto Quicker and Slow Hand? .

Defensive counterattack is another form of attack. According to the difference in attack and defense time between the two sides, what else? Fight back? 、? Meet? 、? Fight back? Three technologies. Counterattack is to defend first and then attack. This is an attack mode after root defense, crotch defense, collision defense, or evasion defense. Receiving is to attack the opponent's play while preventing or blocking the opponent's movement. Counterattack refers to attacking an opponent directly while dodging or ignoring his attack. This is a simultaneous action of fighting and dodging defense, and? Take offense as defense? Play. Is defensive counterattack a kind? Post production? The application of technology should calmly find the gap between the other side, create the conditions for meeting, and strive to change defense into active attack.

Defensive techniques are mainly used to undermine the opponent's attack, including direct defense and indirect defense. Direct defense can be divided into root defense, crotch defense and grid attack and defense. Root defense means that when an opponent attacks me, he does not stop him from hitting my tip (key point) with his hand, but attacks the root joints of the limbs, so that his strength cannot be dispersed and the offensive cannot be launched, thus achieving the purpose of defense. Fork defense means that when the opponent just attacks, the speed is slow and the muscles are inconvenient to exert their strength. I can reverse the attack direction and block the attack head-on, so that the opponent can't form an effective attack action and achieve the purpose of defense. Grid attack defense is the most commonly used technology in defense. In this method, when the opponent's attack is about to touch the target, I beat the opponent's attacking limb tip with my arms and various parts of my body to make it deviate from the attack direction and achieve the purpose of defense.

Offense and defense are a pair of contradictory bodies, which complement each other. Attack is to defeat the enemy and achieve the most thorough protection for yourself; Defense is to protect ourselves, accumulate offensive strength and wait for the opportunity to attack. There are attacks and defenses to fight. Therefore, in actual combat, we should not ignore the defense, but consider the defense when the attack fails; You can't be passively beaten when defending. You should pay attention to creating conditions for counterattack and turn defense into attack. Is that what you usually say? There is defense in the attack, and there is defense in the attack? .

Seven, tactics

The gauntlet refers to the tactics used to defeat the opponent. Its function is to comprehensively use the acquired physical quality and technical skills in actual combat. The purpose is to constantly undermine the opponent's attack by fighting wits, while constantly waiting for the opportunity to attack the opponent, and strive to? Controller and non-controller? . To achieve tactical goals, we must master the principles, forms and functions of tactics. This is the basis of using tactics, and its mastery directly affects the quality and effect of tactics. Therefore, in actual combat, we must first have a good tactical awareness, that is, in complex and changeable battles, carefully observe and analyze the situation, improvise and decide our own action plan quickly and accurately. Tactical awareness is reflected in the foresight of action, the accuracy of judgment, the initiative of attack and defense, the purpose of technology, the concealment of action, the consistency of cooperation, the flexibility of flexible use and so on.

Tactical awareness in offensive and defensive warfare is the key to success. Every skillful skill and skill is restricted by tactical awareness. Any skill and trick that lacks clear tactical awareness will lose a good soldier because of its blindness. The tactics commonly used in active combat are: storm, combination of reality and reality, odd-positive transformation, preemptive strike, preemptive strike, changing from fast to slow, circuitous attack and so on. In the case of equal strength between the two sides, whoever can use tactics correctly and flexibly will be able to take the initiative in fighting and win the final victory. Under certain conditions, if the tactics are used properly, we can still defeat the strong with the weak and control the big with the small. Therefore, it is very important to master and use tactics well in actual combat.

Eight, psychological

Psychology (factor) refers to a series of psychological reactions and behaviors in actual combat. We know that high morale and uplifting mood can improve the reaction speed and sensitivity of the attacker, the agility and effectiveness of tactical thinking, the accuracy and coordination of technical work, and make the body play a great potential. On the contrary, timidity, fear, excessive tension, excitement, negative emotions, etc. , will reduce the attacker's action response ability, greatly affect the accuracy and coordination, tactical thinking is poor. In a word, the technical level of the attacker can't be brought into full play.

Psychological state is the representation of psychological activities in actual combat. First of all, we must have the confidence to win. Without confidence, the psychological process will be disordered, which will affect the exertion of technical level and the flexible use of tactical ability. There are many reasons for not being confident: for example, inexperience, overestimating the strength of your opponent, and fear of injury. As the saying goes? When the two armies meet, the brave wins? With courage, you can fill yourself with information and strength to defeat your opponent. In actual combat, you can be fearless, fearless, and dare to fight and win. A good mental state will inevitably lead to initiative in action, more agility, changeable methods, reasonable tactics and correct strategies, so as to defeat the enemy in one fell swoop. Of course, courage does not mean recklessness. You should talk about tactics and wisdom, so that you can always keep a clear head and a good competitive state.

The tenacious will to fight is another manifestation of psychological quality, and it is also the spiritual pillar to win the attack and defense. He is manifested in tenacious fighting spirit, winning belief and strong morale. In actual combat, he has a strong will to fight, and he will never be in a hurry because of the failure of one move and one type, or a temporary failure, and will never lose confidence in winning because of the strength of the other side. Tenacious will can often save the defeat, turn defeat into victory, reverse Gankun, overwhelm opponents in momentum and frustrate their spirit. In this kind of good psychological state, the attacker will often play beyond the level, be able to adapt to any difficult and difficult environment, turn difficulties into victories, turn passivity into initiative, and turn disadvantages into advantages. It can even make up for the lack of physical strength and technology until the final victory is achieved.

Nine. direction

Orientation, also called sense of distance, refers to the correct measurement of the distance between the opponent and himself in attack and defense. This distance is constantly changing with the advance and retreat of both sides, which directly affects the actual effect of attack and defense, and is a technical factor that can not be ignored in attack and defense methods. In actual combat, if the two sides are a little far away, they can't hit their opponents; And no matter how close it is, it is not conducive to pushing. Therefore, we should constantly adjust the distance from our opponents and seize the position that is beneficial to our attack and defense.

What is the name of the place where the fist can't hit in actual combat? Invalid distance? . So when the opponent attacks, if it is too late to defend, just step back a little or flicker to the position where the opponent's offensive action can't reach. Sometimes even if you just need to loosen your hips and shrink your waist and contain your chest, you can make your opponent's attack on your chest and abdomen ineffective. At this point, we can use the old forces to skip and the new forces to fight back. Whether these two distances can be judged correctly and timely is the key to determine the outcome of both sides. This is related to the flexibility of the central nervous system, keen visual judgment, skillful skills and the use of tactics, and the pace of footwork and the flash of posture are the prerequisites for determining the orientation. Therefore, if you want to master the best posture easily, you must strengthen the special exercises of footwork and posture.

X. warrior

Soldiers are good at attacking opponents. Including the effective attack and defense distance, the empty position that can be hit (empty crotch), the opponent that can't be hit, and the time difference of the opponent's defense. Generally, fighters are made by psychological tactics, feint and other methods, which causes the illusion of the other side and the wrong judgment of the other side; I took advantage of its mistake or made a new defensive response before it was too late. Surprise, surprise? Strike or conquer an opponent.

In martial arts? Eight methods? , refers to? Hands, eyes, posture, steps, spirit, qi, strength and work? It is these eight elements that constitute the routine technology. ? Hands? Fingers? Technique? General requirements, such as meteors are light, agile and powerful, which are difficult to hit; ? Eyes? Namely. Eye method? This is the requirement of head movement. That is to say, in martial arts, it must be: eyes move at will, eyes drift with the flow, bright and sharp; ? Body method? Is the method of trunk movement, which can be divided into? Flash, unfold, swallow, spit, turn, rush, bump, squeeze, lean, bend, bend, bend,; ? One step? Namely. Footwork? The footwork should be fast and steady, without lifting the feet or pulling the heels, and not affected by the upper limbs; ? Spirit? It is the concept and temperament of routine exercise, that is, the expression of essence, qi and spirit; ? Gas? Refers to breathing during exercise. Because of the great demand for oxygen during exercise, it is necessary to breathe properly during exercise and cooperate closely with various organs of the body; ? Force? Refers to the strength, that is, the strength and strength of the action, which is divided into rigidity, lightness and darkness; ? Work? It is the expression of physical quality and skills, and it can also be considered as the release of strength, which is commonly referred to as the foundation.

? Hands, eyes, posture, steps, spirit, qi, strength and work? This? Eight methods? It is related to the upper limbs, head, trunk, lower limbs, spirit, breathing, strength and technology of the human body, and reflects the movement of the human body. Inside? With what? Outside? The contradiction. ? Hands, eyes, posture, steps? Fingers? Outside? It is a requirement for the shape of the outer surface of the body and various movements of the body; ? Spirit, qi, strength and merit? Right? Inside? Generally speaking, it is about the coordination of consciousness, spirit, strength and functions of various internal organs. ? Inside? With what? Outside? It is a pair of contradictions and a dialectical unity.

The internal activities of the human body are manifested through external activities, so that the two sides of internal and external contradictions are integrated. That is to say, forming a unified whole in Wushu is also called having both form and spirit. This whole is built on the basis of internal and external integration. Because any external physical activity is dominated by the brain and influenced by the function of internal organs, only internal activities can achieve one? The whole? Words can promote the coordination of external actions, and gradually form standardization and automation after dynamic stereotypes.

So? Hands, eyes, posture, steps, This? Outside? With what? Spirit, qi, strength and merit? This? Inside? It is inseparable, interrelated, interdependent and influential. ? Inside? Can't leave? Outside? Alone, outside? No way. No? Inside? Live alone. However, because things are constantly moving forward. The technical level and physical fitness are also gradually improving, so the combination of internal and external is relative, which is also the law of unity of opposites.

? Eight methods? It has positive significance and function in Changquan, and its requirements are the unified embodiment of Changquan. ? Eight methods? There are various ways and means of expression in Changquan technique, which can provide the basic conditions for the innovation of Changquan movement technique and is also the source of Changquan's complexity and changefulness.

However, due to the characteristics of Changquan, it was restricted again? Eight methods? The range of activities in terms of action route, speed, amplitude, modeling, etc., thus forming a perfect, coordinated, beautiful and generous posture. However, no matter how complicated the change of Changquan is, it is also inseparable, right? Eight methods? Requirements.

To sum up, I think? Eight methods? Medium? Inside? With what? Outside? What should be the relationship between technical teaching and physical education? Inside? Based on, through? Outside? Reflected, so as to establish a good sense of ontology, and in? Inside? With what? Outside? Achieve harmony under the interaction of. They repeatedly act and improve each other, bringing technology and quality to a higher level.

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