Is the Mongolian writing outside the same as the Mongolian writing inside? What is the difference?

Now Inner Mongolia is still using orthodox ancient Mongolian, using Uighur letters, while outer Mongolia, that is, Mongolian, uses Cyrillic letters.

Mongolia used to have only languages but no words, and took notes with knots. During the Liao and Jin Dynasties, a few Mongolian nobles who were closely related to the Liao and Jin Dynasties used Khitan and Jurchen scripts, but they were not common, which was very unfavorable to the cultural inheritance and development of Mongolia. However, because Mongolia was still in a broken state at that time and its productivity was quite low, the lack of characters did not have a direct and huge impact on the survival of Mongolians.

However, at the end of 12, the begging department of Mongolia rose, and after the start of the Mongolian unification war, characters appeared constantly. Because the Mongols at that time did not have their own words, it was very troublesome to record and calculate property and issue orders. Moreover, with the strength of Mongolia, it has increasingly close contacts with countries such as Jin and Xixia. In a large group of countries with their own scripts, Mongolia without its own scripts seems out of place.

In A.D. 1204, after Genghis Khan conquered Naiman Department in the Western Regions, he captured Tatatu, the handprint official of Naiman Department at that time. Although Tatatu worked for Naiman Department, he was a Uighur with profound knowledge and culture, and Genghis Khan appreciated him very much. So Genghis Khan ordered Tattagong to spell Mongolian in Uighur characters, and ordered all Mongolian princes to learn from the generals. As a result, the most primitive Uygur Mongols appeared.

The Biography of Tata in Yuan Dynasty: The Emperor said: Are you familiar with this article? Tata-Tong Axi, with the implication that it was a decree, ordered the vassals to write Mandarin in Uighur characters.

The old-fashioned Uighur Mongolian language invented by Tatatan is very similar to Uighur language in pronunciation, spelling rules and lines, but so far no documents written directly in Uighur Mongolian documents before the Ming Dynasty have been found.

After Kublai Khan established the Yuan Dynasty in Yuan Shizu, a new Mongolian word "Basbawen" was officially promulgated on 1269. Basiba is the founder of Sakya Sect of Tibetan Buddhism for five generations. He joined Mongolia before his death in the Southern Song Dynasty. After Kublai Khan succeeded to the throne, Ba Siba became a Buddhist teacher and was awarded Yu Yin as the leader of the Central Plains, leading all religions in the world.

In the first year of the Yuan Dynasty, Basiba was ordered to create Mongolian characters, which were officially promulgated in the sixth year of the Yuan Dynasty, that is, Mongolian new characters, commonly known as Basiba characters. This Basiba script, based on ancient Tibetan letters, has 465,438+0 letters and belongs to Pinyin. However, it was not successfully implemented because it was difficult to identify the characters of Basiba, and some places copied the characters of China seal script. It was only used in the official documents of the Yuan Dynasty, and even the coins of the Yuan Dynasty were mostly Chinese characters, not Mongolian characters.

With the demise of the Yuan Dynasty, Ba Si Ba Wen was abandoned and became a kind of writing that still exists but no one uses it anymore.

While Basiba characters are in an embarrassing situation, the original Uighur Mongolian characters continue to spread and eventually become the most important carrier of Mongolian. Finally, around the16th century, Mongolia withdrew from the north, and with the spread of Buddhism and a large number of translations of Buddhist scriptures, Uighur Mongolian characters began to become popular and stereotyped. Later, it also borrowed from Manchu and created Manchu and Manchu.

Since then, this Uighur-style Mongolian script has been widely used in Mongolia. No matter in Mobei or Monan, until the beginning of the 20th century, there were suggestions for Latin Mongolian characters. At that time, not only Mongolian, Chinese and other languages also proposed to be Latinized, but in the end they were not put into practice and continued to use Uighur Mongolian.

In modern times, Outer Mongolia was divorced from the official registration under the influence of Russians. After the war, Mongolia was formally born. Under the influence of the Soviet Union at that time, Mongolia officially abandoned the traditional Uighur Mongolian and used the Cyrillic alphabet used by Slavs to spell Mongolian, which is the Cyrillic Mongolian used in Mongolia today.

Monan Mongolia, that is, Inner Mongolia, still retains the use of traditional Uighur Mongolian. With the gradual disappearance of Uighur Mongolian in outer Mongolia, Inner Mongolia has become the only place in the world where Uighur Mongolian is widely used.

After the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the awakening of Mongolia's awareness of protecting traditional culture in recent decades, people in Mongolia have been proposing to reuse the traditional old Mongolian language. Finally, at the beginning of this year, the Mongolian Great Hural officially decided to fully resume the use of Uighur Mongolian in the future.