The development course of Confucianism

1, Spring and Autumn Period-Confucius founded Confucianism: the core of the ideological system is "benevolence", which advocates the adjustment and coordination of interpersonal relationships with the heart of loving others. Maintain the "ceremony" of the Zhou Dynasty and advocate the order of nobility and inferiority. It advocates governing the country by virtue, opposes tyranny and arbitrary punishment, and points out that the ruling class should cherish the strength of the people, win the trust of the people, and be self-disciplined.

2. The Warring States Period-the development of Mencius' thought: politically, he advocated benevolent government and put forward the idea that "the people are more valuable than the monarch". Advocate "politics wins the people" and oppose tyranny, "abusing the people" and "mobs". It advocates giving farmers a certain amount of land, not infringing on farmers' working hours, and lenient punishment and thin taxes.

3. Western Han Dynasty-Dong Zhongshu's Neo-Confucianism became the ruling thought: Dong Zhongshu founded Neo-Confucianism with theological tendency based on Confucianism and taking Yin-Yang and Five Elements as the framework. Neo-Confucianism takes "the feeling between heaven and man" and "the divine right of monarch" as its core.

4. Neo-Confucianism in Song Dynasty: characterized by absorbing Buddhism and Taoism on the basis of Confucianism. Master Zhu's point of view: He thinks that reason is primary and the origin of all things in the universe, while qi is the material that constitutes all things in the universe and is secondary, and advocates "preserving righteousness and destroying human desires". In fact, defending the feudal hierarchy.

5. Neo-Confucianism in the Ming Dynasty went to extremes-Wang Yangming's mind;

① Background of the founding of the People's Republic of China: In the middle of Ming Dynasty, social unrest.

Objective: to "break the thief in the heart" and maintain feudal rule.

③ Main viewpoints: I think there is nothing outside my heart, unreasonable outside my heart, and heartless outside my heart, and I advocate overcoming selfish desires through inner reflection, so as to "lead my conscience", that is, restore my inner feudal moral concept and endure the oppression of feudal rule.

④ Evaluation: Neo-Confucianism developed from objective idealism to subjective idealism, reaching an extreme.