What woodblock New Year pictures are there in Shandong?

Now Liaocheng, Shandong Province, was called "Dongchangfu" in Ming Dynasty. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, grain transportation reached its peak, and Dongchangfu gained great fame. It is called "the throat holding food and the rich heart". The prosperity brought by grain transportation lasted until 1854, lasting for more than 400 years.

"Dongchangfu traditional folk woodcut" came into being on this fertile soil. Judging from the painting of "Boy's Flower Basket" left by Dongchangfu, this kind of printmaking developed from the unique printmaking beauty doll in Song Dynasty. In A.D. 1 127, the Jin army attacked Bianliang, and some woodcut craftsmen were taken to Pingyang (now Linfen, Shanxi), making this area the center of woodcut printing. It is said that Shanxi merchants engaged in folk art set up a folk print studio in Zhangcheng Town, 50 kilometers south of Dongchangfu, thus making Zhangqiu Town prints a part of Dongchangfu folk art. ..

Prior to this, the book engraving industry in Dongchangfu was very developed, and the illustrators and sculptors in the book engraving industry were responsible for engraving plates for various workshops, creating unique folk prints in Dongchangfu. According to the survey, Dongchangfu folk printmaking workshops are distributed in more than 20 towns and villages such as Liaocheng, Tangyi, Yanggu, Shouzhang, Dong 'e, Shenxian, Chaocheng, Fanxian and Gucheng. At present, we know Wu Fuxiang, Yihexiang, Fushenghe, Tongtai, Tongshunhe, Yuxinghe, Xiangyuancheng, Dejucheng, KuiYuan Long, Guanghe and Fushenghe. Some start printing in June, and some start printing in September and October. At the beginning of the twelfth lunar month, the latest workshop even hangs a workshop brand. Each workshop needs an average of 600 Jin of paper every year. Products are sold to Luxi, Lunan and Lubei counties, and some of them are also exported to Shanxi, Henan, Hebei and Northeast China.

Unique "Dongchangfu" Prints

"Dongchangfu" gradually declined due to the diversion of the Yellow River and the blockage of the canal, and her folk prints were gradually buried among the people, but they also maintained their original flavor. This vulgar work has great artistic appeal. For example, a pair of door gods, Qin Qiong and Jingde, are called "the most traditional folk prints in China".

The so-called "best" is from the artistic style and expression of the works. Goalkeepers are big and small, but they are very comfortable visually. Exquisite and superb knife technique, the produced knife marks are natural, the lines are stiff, the right angle often pauses and turns into a line, and it has a strong sense of quantity, rhythm and rhythm, which is essentially different from the current re-engraved works.

In addition, there are as many as 72 kinds of "Kitchen God" symbols in Dongchangfu New Year pictures. Although the content and form are not consistent, the style is unified.

Time-honored zuofang

Tongshunhe, Tongshunxing and Wanshunxing workshops are all time-honored brands of Dongchangfu New Year pictures. The owner's surname Xiang of Tongshunhe has developed for five generations. Lian Jie, the fifth generation descendant, is 69 years old this year. He said that his grandfather Xiang Kaizong was a scholar in the Qing Dynasty. In about 1870, he rented the back hall of Tieta Tample and led more than 40 people to catch the keeper there. This workshop has been handed down.

The font "Tongshunxing" is a printmaking workshop set up by Baye in Shenxian County. From October of the lunar calendar to the Spring Festival, it took about two months to carve, and "Tongshunxing" persisted in Dongchangfu for more than 20 years.

The name "Wan Shunxing" was created by Yu Ruqi of Liu Zhuang Township, Shenxian County. Yu Ruqi worked as an apprentice in Tongshunxing workshop in his early years, worked as a printer, and helped Eighth Master in Dongchangfu for many years, and later became the backbone of the workshop.

The "Tongji Lane" shop is located in the ancient town of Shenxian County. Therefore, it is called "Tongji Lane in Fanxian County", and the workshop owners are Niu Yin Jian and Niu Zhuxing. It mainly prints Oracle Bone Inscriptions's classics, door paintings, fan paintings, window paintings and wall paintings. Prints are sold to Yuncheng, Jiaxiang, Jining, Cao Zhou, Nanle, Qingfeng and Changyuan in the south of the Yellow River, and also exported to Huizhou and Bengbu in Anhui. "Tongji style" fan painting is mainly based on the characters on the opera stage, and the characters are vivid and wonderful.