Harbin modern architectural style structural columns and decorative columns?

The following is Zhongda Consulting to bring you about Harbin modern architectural style structural columns and decorative columns, for reference.

Harbin modern architectural style: the morphological characteristics of architectural details constitute the main style of modern architecture, which in turn formed the Harbin diversified architectural decoration form. This paper tries to analyze the modern architecture of Harbin through a microscopic perspective - the decorative form of the columns of the building fa?ade. By analyzing the structural characteristics of the columns, it reveals the rich cultural semantics and the way of combining the space contained in the decorations of the modern architecture of Harbin, and enriches the method of research on the botanical art of planting and landscape in the forty sceneries of the Yuanmingyuan during the heyday of the park. In a broad sense, the purposeful design and arrangement of the elements affecting the vision from the whole to the local part of the building are all decorative activities, and the architectural decoration directly participates in and deepens the process of architectural modeling, which gives the building an aesthetic value.

Before the prevalence of modern architectural style, almost all modern buildings in Harbin have different degrees of decorative forms, decorative and architectural forms rarely appear as two separate forms, their unity is reflected in every part of the building. Harbin modern architecture has formed a Russian, Art Nouveau and Eclecticism as the representative of compatible with Baroque, Classicism, Romanticism, Chinese tradition and modernism and other architectural styles, the diversification of the form prompted the emergence of a large number of different types and styles of columns in Harbin buildings. According to the structural system, they are divided into structural columns that play a structural role and decorative columns that play a decorative role. No matter which type of columns have adopted certain decorative techniques to beautify, this beautification is based on the structure and use of functionality based on the logical unity between the decoration and components. First, the structural columns play a structural support role of the columns known as structural columns, Harbin modern building facade of the structural columns are mainly manifested in the outdoor porch columns. Porch columns are widely used in modern neoclassical style buildings in Harbin, with high steps, thick colonnade, thick mountain flower style characteristics. Their ground floor foundation is generally masonry thick stone, the main body of the building is made of classical columns and its various combinations, and supplemented by detailed decoration. This type of building column proportion rigorous, building scale is huge, the building form closed and heavy, the building tone gray and melancholy, let a person daunted, far away. Because of certain public **** building large span of the use of the function, so these imitation of classical column modeling columns not only has a decorative effect, but also has the actual structural function.1. Doric columns grim, impersonal, manly, rational, able to highlight some of the functional characteristics of the bank building. Harbin Branch of Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, former Harbin Branch of the Central Bank of Pseudo-Manchuria, designed by the Japanese in 1935 and completed by Fuchang Company in charge of its construction, was taken over by the nationals in 1945, became the seat of the Northeast Bank, and then the seat of the People's Bank of China, and belongs to the Class I protected buildings in Harbin. The main fa?ade and entrance space **** utilizes 10 Doric pilasters for control, with strong columns rising up from the pedestal surface, and simple and rigid inverted conical platforms at the head of the columns. The column proportions are more precise, both the slenderness-to-height ratio of the columns, the column head, the column body fluting, the closing and dividing volume kills, and the pedestal, are all in full compliance with the standards of the ancient Greek Doric columns, which is very rare in modern architecture [2], and it is also the only example of Doric columns used in modern bank buildings in Harbin. The columns themselves do not have much decoration, mainly through the size of the column head, the relationship between the columns, the cornice, the proportion between the column body changes and contrast performance of bank-type public **** building security, stability, rigorous style characteristics.2. In order to pursue a more ornate grandiose decorative effect, Harbin, many modern public **** building has chosen the Ionic and Corinthian column type. Northeast Martyrs Memorial Hall, the former East Province Special District Library, in 1928 by the community to raise funds to build, designed by the Russian architect Zhdanov. Used as a pseudo-Manchu police station during the Japanese-Japanese period, it was opened as the Northeast Martyrs' Memorial Hall in 1946, and belongs to the Class I protected buildings in Harbin. This European neoclassical building used the ancient Greek model of the practice of the corridor columns, high steps stand six huge Corinthian independent columns to form the whole building's control of the composition, the column head appearance has a metal-like texture, by rows and rows of soft rolls of lonicera leaves, the tip of the leaf slightly rounded, become the most wonderful part of the building. The top of the tall corridor columns support the huge inlaid with convex carvings of groups of flowers, constituting a tall and solemn entrance. Column proportions rigorous and unified, beautiful and coordinated form, to achieve a kind of marvelous rhythmic harmony. Porch lofty, tall porch columns, white walls, the whole building gives a solemn and majestic, simple and clean sense of gravity. Second, decorative columns decorative columns are not bear the structural function and has a decorative role of the columns, mainly including the exterior wall of the pilasters, decorative window columns and indoor pilasters and so on.1. Whether it is a complete columns or protruding from the wall of the smaller size of the pilasters as a means of connecting as a whole, to play a unified architectural whole of the good effect. Harbin Railway Cultural Palace, the former Middle East Railway Club, designed by the Middle East Railway technician Denisov, was built in 1911, and expanded twice in 1919 and 1923, as the Soviet Union Red Army Hall in 1945, and changed to the Harbin Railway Palace of Culture in 1956, which is still in use today, and belongs to the Harbin City, Class I protected buildings. This eclectic building, in which many styles coexist, uses four Ionic pilasters in the middle of the front fa?ade, which not only accentuates the richness of the cornice and the mountain flower, but also enables the two-storey building to form a sense of upward elevation and to increase the ratio of reality to reality of the wall. There is no longer a structural relationship between the pediment and the column, but a purely decorative architectural element.

The pilasters stretch downward and curl inward, forming a large bull's leg, like a coiled animal's foot, and like a continuation of the Ionic capitals. Daughter wall elevated part of the soft nest volume modeling inward, and the main fa?ade protruding part of the gable is as wide as the same nest volume modeling pilasters, the formation of the upward extension of the Ionic columns, to strengthen the effect of the vertical composition. In the middle of the columnar style is the triple window, the square inter-window columns are used in the middle of the long windows, and the upper and lower inter-window columns adopt different round faces and bull-leg forms to echo with the main columnar style, forming a set of visual centers in the building fa?ade.2. Harbin's cold climate characteristics make the building's exterior walls generally larger than 490mm. due to the thermal insulation needs of the wall and its larger load, the windows are usually smaller. However, in order to increase the light area and get more sunlight, the structural role of the window center column appears. The structural part is usually set indoors, while the corresponding outdoor part is purely decorative, with a lively and free form. Daowai purification hospital, the former Tongyiqing department store, in 1916 by Chinese architects to learn from the Baroque architectural style and Chinese folk patterns and decorations into a Chinese Baroque building, is a special product of the fusion of Chinese and Western culture in Harbin, belongs to the city of Harbin Ⅱ type of protected buildings. The building uses a large number of different forms of pilasters, the columns are usually not divided, the head, body and base of the columns are covered with complex and exquisite Chinese traditional decorative relief patterns. The main entrance of the building is flanked by a pair of double leaning columns combining Western-style Ionic capitals and Chinese drum pedestal bases. Above the capitals are two two-story Corinthian single leaning columns decorated with Chinese knot motifs. The single columns and their supporting arches are surrounded by intricately carved chrysanthemum reliefs. On the second floor of the fa?ade, the double-split rectangular windows are centered on white semi-circular window columns with fluted bodies, and the heads of the columns are decorated with curved central locking stones in the same color and extended in the form of flowers on both sides. The third floor has a continuous double divided arched window with a rectangular center column and a simplified Ionic head. The use of these columns makes the building facade simple and rich in dynamics, which is a typical representative of the Chinese Baroque style. Third, structural columns and decorative columns at the same time in modern architecture in Harbin, structural columns and decorative columns often **** the same role in a building, with each other, constituting different styles of excellent modern architecture. 1. Agricultural Bank of China Daowai Branch, the former Bank of Communications, built in 1928 by the first generation of China's architects to study abroad Zhuang Jun design is also the only one in modern Harbin designed by Chinese architects, Western eclectic architectural works, the first generation of Chinese architects to design a building, the first generation of Chinese architects to design a building. It is also the only Western eclectic architectural work designed by a Chinese architect in modern Harbin, and belongs to the Class I protected buildings in Harbin. The building adopts the more accurate proportions of the Western classical columnar and temple fa?ade composition as the basis of the composition, the front entrance adopts the six standard proportions of the giant Corinthian colonnade through the height of three floors, the middle four adopt the normal cylindrical columns, and the two at the end of the colonnade are rectangular cross-section, which expresses a kind of new use of the classical columnar style. They are not only load-bearing, but also dominate the architectural composition of the entire main fa?ade. The thick gable wall falls on top of the columns, and the two ends of the porch are connected to the end gables by square columns of equal height. The column head is intricately carved and fluted, and the footings and decorations are extremely rich; the pilasters are distributed in the upper center of the five-room window wall, combined with the two sides of the windows, and adopt the deformed Tuscan columns, with simple footings and slight decorations, which play a decorative role in enriching the architectural composition and maintaining visual continuity with the Corinthian columns in the lower section. Each group of windows is combined with two pilasters to form a double-column form. The upper section of the window-column combination forms a contrast of simplicity and complexity with the middle section of the colonnade; the two wings of the building adopt the clear water red brick wall to close the shoulders, which contrasts with the white column cornice in the middle, reinforcing the relationship between reality and reality of the building, and highlighting the entrance space. The flexible use of its column form the main body of the building decorative effect.2. Bank of China Harbin Branch, the former British HSBC Harbin Branch, was built in 1923, in 1988, the Bank of China Binjiang Branch moved to the use of this building so far, belongs to the Harbin City, class I protected buildings. The use of the building's columns is unique. The three facades of the building adopt the simplest Taschen double columns, and in the middle of the fa?ade of the building on the second to third floors to form a large-scale giant column colonnade, each column has its own independent foundation, while the base layer exists as an indispensable element of the main body of the building. The columns at the entrance have a load-bearing function, while the colonnades on both sides only play a decorative role, forming a sense of continuity and rhythm. In order to achieve the effect sought by the designer, these columns do not use the standard Tuscan columns with their solid and bulky proportions, but adopt the beautiful and slender proportions of the Ionic columns of Ancient Greece. Echoing the balconies and corridors on the building fa?ade, r ring-shaped line feet are made at 1/3 of the height of the columns, thus forming a horizontal balcony and vertical corridors of horizontal and vertical coordination and contrast, and the ratio of the ring-shaped line feet to the head of the columns is exactly in line with the Tuscan columns of the fine height ratio. 3. Heilongjiang Provincial Party Committee Activity Center for Old Cadres, originally a private residence of Jewish timber merchant Sciedelsky, designed by the Russian architect Zhdanov, was built in 1914, during the Japanese-Japanese period. It was designed by the Russian architect Zhdanov and built in 1914. It was used as a secret service of the Japanese army during the Japanese-Japanese period, and belongs to the Class I protected buildings in Harbin. The eclectic style of the building, which is modeled after the Greek Classical Revival, is composed of composite pilasters. Mixed pilasters support a triangular floral roof, and the pilasters pass through the roof to end in French fruit-shaped finials. Below the pediment is a two-story enclosed balcony flanked by Ionic columns supporting a bowed pediment above. In the middle of the building, two Ionic columns support the open balcony on the second floor, and the first floor forms the entrance porch space. The whole building has a strong contrast between reality and reality, forming an ABA composition pattern, making the overall atmosphere of the building less solemn and adding a romantic mood.

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