Knowledge about the Yellow River

The length is 5464 kilometers.

The source is 4800 meters above sea level.

The average flow rate is1774.5m3/s.

The basin covers an area of 752,443 square kilometers.

From Qinghai province

Inject into Bohai sea

The cut-off point of the middle and lower reaches: Old Jin Meng Estuary.

Nickname: insert Jiangnan

Origin: the northern foot of Bayan Kara Mountains in Qinghai Province.

Natural characteristics

The Yellow River, the second longest river in China, originated in Bayan Kara, Qinghai. Its main stream runs through nine provinces and regions, and flows through Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan and Shandong, with a total length of 5,464 kilometers, a drainage area of 750,000 square kilometers, an annual runoff of 57.4 billion cubic meters and an average runoff depth of 79 meters. But the amount of water is not as big as that of the Pearl River. There are 35 main tributaries along the way, with Huangshui River and Taohe River in the upper reaches, Qingshui River, Fenhe River, Weihe River and Qinhe River in the middle reaches, and Yihe River and Luohe River in the lower reaches. There are no lakes on both sides of the river, and the lower reaches of the Yellow River are very small, and few rivers flow into the Yellow River. The estuary of the Yellow River is1500m wide, generally 500m, the narrower part is only 300m, and the water depth is generally 2.5m.. In some places, the depth is only 1.2 ~ 1.3 meters.

historical changes

"Yellow River, you are the cradle of the Chinese nation, and 5,000 years of ancient culture originated from you ..." This is the lyrics of the famous song Ode to the Yellow River. Whenever people sing this song, they will be immersed in infinite memories of the Yellow River. The Yellow River is the mother river of the Chinese nation. As the birthplace of Chinese civilization, it maintains the blood of the descendants of the Yellow Emperor and is a symbol of the national spirit and feelings of the Chinese nation.

As early as 800,000 years ago in the Paleolithic Age, the ancestors of the Chinese nation lived a life of hunting and gathering in the Yellow River Basin. More than 2,000 primitive village sites have been found in the Yellow River Basin, indicating that in the Neolithic Age, ancestors settled in this vast land and engaged in primitive agricultural production.

In the middle Neolithic period, the Huangdi tribe scattered on the loess plateau in the middle reaches of the Yellow River. At that time, Chiyou tribe and Yan Di tribe were the three major tribes in ancient China. They live a nomadic life of uncertain migration. Later, Emperor Yan and Huangdi joined forces to attack and kill Chiyou. Soon, Yan Di people and Huangdi people gradually merged and settled in Shaanxi, Gansu and Shanxi to jointly develop the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River.

Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, which entered the slave society more than 3,500 years ago, are all descendants of the Chinese people. They call themselves "Hua" or "Xia". Chinese is the predecessor of the Han nationality, so the Han people regard the Yellow Emperor as their ancestors and call themselves descendants of the Yellow Emperor. At that time, China people lived in the Central Plains and were considered to be among the four directions, so they were also called "China". Later, Chinese culture spread all over the country, and the word "China" became the name of China.

In Shang Dynasty, Pan Geng moved its capital to Yin Ruins (now Anyang County, Henan Province), and its sphere of influence has reached the North China Plain between Taihang Mountain and Taishan Mountain, which is called Yin Empire. The culture of the Yin Dynasty was quite developed, and it was called the three ancient empires with Egypt and Babylon at that time, and it was the three major cultural centers of the ancient world. In Yin Ruins, exquisite Oracle Bone Inscriptions and exquisite bronze vessels are still preserved. However, outside the three ancient empires, most human beings still live a primitive life. It can be seen that our motherland is one of the ancient civilizations in the world, and the ancient culture originated from the embrace of the Yellow River.

From Yin Dynasty to Northern Song Dynasty, the Yellow River Basin has been the political, economic and cultural center of China for nearly 2,500 years. Xi 'an (known as Chang 'an in ancient times), from the Western Han Dynasty to the Sui and Tang Dynasties, had 1 1 dynasties as its capital, which lasted for more than1/00 years. It not only made an important contribution to the economic and cultural development in ancient China, but also left an immortal chapter for international economic and cultural exchanges. Luoyang, which has been the capital of nine dynasties for nearly a thousand years, is called "the ancient capital of nine dynasties". Historians, scientists and writers gathered in Luoyang, leaving immortal works for China and the world cultural treasure house.

For thousands of years, the Yellow River valley was the center of feudal rule, and the struggle of the broad masses of working people against oppression was also constant. Chen Sheng and Guangwu in the late Qin Dynasty, Red Eyebrows, Bronze Horses and Yellow Scarves in the Han Dynasty, Wagang Army in the late Sui Dynasty, Huang Chao and Wang Xianzhi in the Tang Dynasty and Li Zicheng and Zhang in the late Ming Dynasty all staged magnificent historical dramas in this land of the Yellow River Basin. During War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation, the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region was a reliable revolutionary base for the people of China until the great People's Republic of China (PRC) was founded.

Yellow River Tang and Five Dynasties-Luoyin

Don't pour Ejiao in this direction, because it is difficult to understand God's will.

Out of the Kunlun Mountains, I realized that Han Yin should be curved.

Great-grandfather swears that clothes are small, and immortals are light.

Who knows after three thousand years? Why report peace!

Jiang Libai

Have you seen how the water of the Yellow River flows from the sky to the sea and never returns?

Liu Yuxi in the Tang and Five Dynasties of Langtaosha

Wan Li sand in the Yellow River, waves scouring the wind from the end of the world.

Deng Dan-Zhang Kun in Tang and Five Dynasties

During the day, the ground comes out and the Yellow River comes from the outside.

Haowen of Jinyuan, the head of Shuidiao Song.

Nine days on the Yellow River, a bird's eye view of people and ghosts.

Changfeng howled, the sun was hot and cold.

As steep as Lvliang and as strong as Qiantang in August, it washes away the world.

Vientiane is in a mess and still idle.

Reading Twenty Modern Epics —— Wang Guowei

Two skyscrapers in Yunling rise from the ground, and the Yellow River winds around the ground.

Naturally, in that nomadic era, there was once someone named Fuxi. ]

The Yellow River sank.

From Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

A little-known mound began.

draw out

Yellowing water

Put the rough stone tools of our ancestors

And the sobs of China people.

Bury sth deeply

Converge into a cry and expand the exotic life.

Yellow carpet

Bohai bay coast

Extend to the Dragon Palace

One day.

Wang lung in Donghai

Bring a beautiful dragon lady.

Come to the carpet.

Yuelaoxia

Accompanied by the vigorous "boatman ballad"

* * * Drink a glass of cold moonlight.

Hejiu

Yellow skin and black hair

Claiming to be related to ...

Folk stories related to the Yellow River:

Legend has it that a long time ago, the ancient Yellow River was a wild horse that was difficult to tame. It runs as it pleases, like a grinning monster, roaring day and night, devouring fertile land. Bite Chung Shan Man, the Hui people on both sides of the Yellow River can only live a slash-and-burn life at the top of the mountain and at the bottom of the ditch.

At that time, Ningxia was not a plain bordered by Ma Pingchuan, but green mountains and valleys. There is no flat field, and no field can be irrigated with Yellow River water.

Legend has it that there are several families living in Niushou Mountain who return to the Han family. They carry water at the foot of the mountain and farm at the top of the mountain for generations. All ages are busy, but they don't have enough to eat and don't wear warm clothes. For a long time, no one could stand this torture.

One year, a 70-year-old Hui Hui man named Del opened a melon garden on the mountain and planted some cucumbers. He gets up early every day and goes to the Yellow River to fetch water and water cucumbers. His shoulders are swollen and his feet are skinned. He carefully cultivated cucumbers, and the yellow ones looked tender and sweet.

On this day, the old man was tired and fell asleep at the gate of the vegetable garden.

As soon as he fell asleep, he dreamed that there was a white cloud floating in the sky. Gradually, Baiyun became an imam with a white beard, shook his silver beard and said to the old man, "There are two strong winds today, so you should pay attention. There is a yellow wind at noon, which can make cucumbers wither; There is a black wind in the afternoon, which can make cucumber stems fall off. No matter how windy it is, don't pick cucumbers.

When the old man woke up, he saw that the white-bearded imam had disappeared, but he saw that the yellow wind in the north was overwhelming and suddenly blew to Niushou Mountain. The old man looked at the cucumbers carefully, and sure enough, they faded one by one. He was very sad. A year's efforts were in vain, but the thought of the white-bearded imam stopped him.

In the afternoon, a black wind blew, shaking the mountains and dropping leaves layer by layer. When the old man saw that the cucumber was about to fall to the ground, he was very angry. He picked a cucumber and threw it into the Yellow River. The Yellow River immediately broke a line. As if he had been cut by a fairy with a knife, he clearly saw the bottom of the river. When the old man Gerd swooped down, the river suddenly joined again. The old man was tired and hungry, sitting on the river bank, blinking, and the golden flower danced wildly, knowing nothing.

At this time, the old man in Del heard the white-bearded imam say, "This cucumber is the key to conquering the Yellow River. You can cut off the Yellow River and make it listen to people. But now the Yellow River is called Yellow Wind and Black Wind, and these two Iberians are suffering. Don't be impatient, be patient and work harder. Next year, you plant another cucumber garden. When the cucumber is ripe, you pick the biggest one and throw it into the Yellow River. At that time, you walked into the cave at the bottom of the river, took off the gems, took away the seeds of the grain, and had a sword to cut the dragon and the devil and tame the Yellow River. Wherever it is referred to, the Yellow River water will flow. "

The next year, the hardworking old man Gerd planted another cucumber garden. He is not afraid of the long journey, and he does not hesitate to sweat like rain, carrying water from the Yellow River to water melons. Everything comes to him who waits. Finally, a three-foot cucumber grows in the garden, which looks like a key. The old man happily slept in the melon garden for a day and a night until the melon was ripe.

On this day, the weather was fine, without a cloud. Old man Wilder picked a three-foot cucumber, read "Taismi" and threw it into the Yellow River. At this time, I only heard the roar of the Yellow River, and I opened a long crack. All the stones at the bottom of the river are clearly visible. When the old man went down to the bottom of the river, he saw a hole near the river bank, where pearls and agates were everywhere. The old man took some and just left, he heard the storm whistling. At that time, the waves on the river rolled and the waves became higher and higher. The old man Gerd picked up his sword and cut dozens of swords on the left and right sides of the black whirlwind and the yellow whirlwind. After a while, black wind and yellow wind blew in the sky.

At this time, the faults of the Yellow River gradually tightened. Del's old man remembered the command of the white-bearded imam, and this sword could conquer the Yellow River. He knew very well, and he thought, I want the Yellow River to fill ditches and level mountains. Holding two swords, the old man plunged into the Yellow River, and the water in the Yellow River stopped flowing at once, as if a Great Wall had been blocked in front, but it was still rising steadily, which was really scary from a distance.

Three days later, from Liupanshan in the south to Helan Mountain in the west, there was water everywhere, leaving only a few mountain tips. Only then, the old man, Gerd, drew his sword and told the Yellow River to flow forward.

Since then, Ningxia, a deep mountain valley, has become Ma Pingchuan, and the Hui people living on both sides of the Yellow River have dug ditches for farmland with hard-working hands and lived a happy life.

lyrics

(Recite words)

But,

Children of the Chinese nation,

Who wants to be like pigs and sheep?

Slaughtered?

We are determined to die,

Defend the Yellow River!

Defend North China!

Defend all China!

(Multi-voice Chorus)

The wind is howling.

The horse is barking.

The Yellow River is roaring.

The Yellow River is roaring.

The mountains in Hexi rise into the sky.

Hebei Hedong

The sorghum is ripe.

In the mountains,

So many anti-Japanese heroes!

In the green yarn account,

Guerrillas are heroes!

Pick up a local gun and a foreign gun,

Waving broadswords and spears,

Defend your hometown!

Defend the Yellow River!

Defend North China!

Defend all China!

Respondent: ♂ Xiaoqiu ♀-Scholar level 3-8 1 1: 17.

The Yellow River basin starts from Bayan Kara in the west, reaches Bohai Sea in the east, Qinling Mountains in the south and Yinshan Mountain in the north, with a basin area of 752,000 kilometers. The Yellow River originates at the northern foot of Bayan Kara on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, flows through nine provinces and regions including Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Henan and Shandong, and joins the Bohai Sea in Kenli County, Shandong Province, with a total length of about 5400km. From Heyuan to Tuoketuo, Inner Mongolia, most areas above the upper reaches and Lanzhou have good vegetation coverage; There are many canyons in the main stream from Maduo to Qingtongxia, and there are abundant hydropower resources. Below Qingtongxia is the Hetao Plain, where irrigation and shipping are developed. Tuoketuo to Taohuayu in Henan Province is the middle reaches, and there are also abundant hydropower resources. The banks of the Yellow River are the Loess Plateau, with scarce vegetation and serious soil erosion, which is the main source of flood and sediment in the Yellow River. Taohuayu is downstream from the estuary, and most banks have built dikes. Because of siltation, the riverbed is generally 3 ~ 5m higher than the ground on both banks, and the amount is as high as 10m, so it is called suspended river. There are many irrigation areas along the coast, and the main stream is also navigable. Near the estuary, the Yellow River's waterway into the sea is continuously silted, extended and diverted, which has a strong role in reclamation. There are ten tributaries with a basin area of more than 65,438+000 km, of which the Weihe River has the largest area and water volume.