What factors affect the formation of a person's personality?

Restrictive factors of personality formation and development

Personality characteristics are not innate, but gradually formed on the basis of innate quality, through the influence of acquired family, school and social environment, through children's own practical activities and initiative.

First, the influence of physiological factors.

The formation and development of personality has its biological roots. Genetic quality is the natural basis of personality formation, which provides the possibility for the formation and development of personality. It is embodied in four aspects. First, a person's physical characteristics such as appearance, height and weight will affect the formation of personality characteristics such as self-confidence and self-esteem due to the evaluation of social culture and the role of self-awareness. Second, the maturity of the body will affect the formation of personality sooner or later. Generally speaking, precocious students are good at communication, have a strong sense of responsibility, and abide by the rules and regulations of the school, which is easy to leave a good impression; Late-maturing students often act according to their own attitudes and feelings and have poor sense of responsibility. They abide by school rules and seldom consider social norms. Third, the genetic characteristics of some nervous systems will also affect the formation of specific personality, which will either accelerate or delay. This can be confirmed by the interaction between temperament and personality: active people are more likely to form warm and generous personalities than inhibited people; In the unfavorable objective environment, inhibited people are more likely to form timid personality characteristics than active people, while under smooth conditions, active people are more likely to become brave than inhibited people. Fourth, gender differences also have a significant impact on people's personality. It is generally believed that men are more independent, independent, enterprising and dominant than women in character, with strong sense of competition and dare to take risks; On the other hand, women are more dependent, persuaded, measured and patient than men.

Second, the influence from the family environment.

Family factors have an important influence on the formation and development of personality. Family is the first educational place that children come into contact with after birth. Family's economic and political status, parents' educational concept and level, parents' educational attitudes and methods, family atmosphere, children's role and status in the family, etc. They all have a very important influence on the formation of children's personality. In this sense, "the family is a factory to cultivate character".

1. The influence of family atmosphere and parents' educational level on children's personality

How to deal with the relationship between family members, especially parents, will directly affect the formation of children's personality. Generally speaking, the family atmosphere created by the harmonious, quiet and happy relationship between family members has a positive impact on children's personality; Family tension caused by mutual suspicion, quarrel and extremely disharmony between family members, especially families with divorced parents, has a negative impact on children's personality. A large number of studies show that children from divorced families show more personality characteristics such as unsociable, apathy, impulsiveness, lying, fear, anxiety and even antisocial than children from complete families.

It is found that the educational level of parents has a great influence on children's personality development. The educational level of parents has a significant influence on children's self-control and flexibility; Mother's education level has a significant impact on children's four behavioral characteristics: decisiveness, thinking level, curiosity and flexibility. The father's educational level mainly affects the children's will characteristics, and the mother's educational level has a great influence on the children's rational characteristics in addition to emotional and will characteristics.

2. The influence of parents' educational ideas, attitudes and ways.

Parents' educational thoughts are embodied in the following aspects: parents' educational views on the role of family education and its role and function in family education; Parents' views on children's rights and obligations, status and the law of their children's development; Parents' value-oriented talent view of children's success; And parents' views on their relationship with their children. It is found that whether parents' educational concepts are correct or not determines what kind of educational attitudes and methods parents adopt for their children, and parents' educational attitudes and methods directly affect children's development, especially the formation and development of personality. Many psychologists have studied the influence of parents' parenting attitudes and ways on children's personality. The results show that there are obvious differences in personality characteristics of children brought up with different parenting attitudes and ways, which are summarized in table 13- 1.

Table 13- 1 The Influence of Parenting Attitude on Children's Personality

3. The influence of children's status and role in the family.

The status and role of children in the family will also affect the formation and development of their personality. If parents are unfair to their children, the favored one may be conceited, while the neglected one is prone to jealousy and inferiority.

According to P. Eisenberg's research, the eldest son or only son is more superior than the second or youngest child. The more children are valued in the family, the more confident, independent and superior their personality development will be. If their status changes, their original personality characteristics will often change to varying degrees. A psychologist in the Soviet Union studied the sisters of identical twins and found that the elder sister was decisive, active and brave, while the younger sister was more obedient and passive. It is understood that after the twins were born, their grandmother designated one as the elder sister and the other as the younger sister. My sister has taken the responsibility of protecting and caring for her since childhood, so I have formed the above personality characteristics, while my sister has formed the personality characteristics of dependence and obedience because of being cared for and protected.

At present, the only child is the main part of the total number of children in China. The only child has a special position and role in the family. Parents' educational attitudes and methods are slightly indulgent or inconsistent, which can easily lead to adverse consequences in children's personality. At present, the education of the only child has attracted the attention of the educational circles and become a hot topic of discussion.

Third, the influence from the school education environment.

School education plays a leading role in the formation of children's character. Because school education is a purposeful, systematic and planned influence exerted by teachers on students according to the purpose of education, and it is carried out through various activities in students' collective life and study.

The first is the influence of class collective: the basic organization of the school is class collective, and the characteristics, requirements, public opinion and evaluation of class collective are an intangible and huge educational force for students. Under the guidance of teachers, an excellent class group will infect its members with its correct and clear purpose, strict and reasonable requirements for class members and strong attraction, fully mobilize the initiative and consciousness of all members, and thus promote the formation of students' good character. At the same time, students have strengthened their sense of responsibility, obligation and collectivism by participating in activities such as study, labor, various arts, sports and interest groups in the collective, learned to help each other, unite and love, respect others and observe discipline, and also cultivated excellent qualities such as optimism, strength, courage and progress. Excellent class groups can not only promote the formation of students' good personality, but also change some students' bad personality characteristics. Masao Shimashima, a Japanese psychologist, once selected eight students with lower status in the class as class cadres to guide them in their work. After a semester, I found that their status among students has changed greatly, showing self-esteem and responsibility, and the atmosphere of the whole class has also changed.

Secondly, the influence of teachers' personality and attitude on the relationship between teachers and students: teachers play a vital role in the formation and development of students' personality. Especially for primary school students, its influence is more significant. Teachers' personalities often leave a deep imprint on their personalities. A teacher's personality is irritable or quiet, his interests are broad or narrow, his will is strong or weak, his mood is high or pessimistic, he is decisive or indecisive, and so on. These psychological qualities of teachers will have a positive and negative impact on students' personality.

Teachers' attitude towards students and the relationship between teachers and students will also directly affect students' personality. Some people divide teachers' attitudes into three types: laissez-faire, despotism and democracy.

Laissez-faire: it is manifested in not controlling students' behavior and not guiding students to learn. Students, on the other hand, have no collective consciousness, five group goals, poor discipline and uncooperative.

Autocratic: all the learning activities of students are arranged, and students are praised or criticized by personal likes and dislikes. Students are nervous, indifferent, aggressive and have poor self-control.

Democracy: Respect students' self-esteem and personality. Students are emotionally stable, positive and friendly, cheerful and frank, and have leadership skills.

It can be seen that teachers are very authoritative among students. Teachers are role models for students to learn and follow, and their words and deeds have a subtle influence on the development of students' personality characteristics, which is immeasurable.

On the other hand, if the school ignores the education of students' ideological and moral character or adopts some educational ways and methods that violate the educational principles, such as corporal punishment and disrespect for students, or the education between the school and parents is inconsistent, students will form bad characters. There are many examples in real life, so we must pay attention to them.

In a word, the influence of school education on students' personality is various, mainly through school tradition and school spirit, teachers' personality, attitude and behavior, teacher-student relationship, students' class groups, classmates' relationship, team activities, sports activities and extracurricular activities organized by the school.

Fourth, the influence of social factors.

The influence of social factors on students' personality is mainly realized through social fashion and mass media, such as computers, television, movies, newspapers and magazines, and literary works. Television has a great influence on children's character. Experiments conducted by American psychologists in 197 1 prove that many aggressive behaviors in TV programs have a great influence on the behavior development of young and ignorant children. The experiment is as follows: let a group of eight or nine-year-old children spend some time watching some aggressive cartoon programs every day; Another group of children watched cartoons without aggressive behavior for the same length of time. In the experiment, the aggressive behaviors of these two groups of children were observed and recorded in detail. The results show that children who watch aggressive cartoon programs have more aggressive behaviors. However, those children who watch cartoon programs without aggressive behavior have not changed their behavior. After ten years of follow-up research, it is found that children who used to watch programs containing aggressive behavior are still aggressive even when they are 19 years old, but this phenomenon does not exist in women.

With the advent of the information age, all kinds of information spread through the Internet will have a positive and negative impact on the formation of primary school students' character, and its influence is extensive and profound. This puts forward a new research topic for educators, that is, how to guide and educate students to correctly choose and use online information and improve their ability to resist unhealthy information.

In addition, typical characters or heroic role models in newspapers, magazines and literary works will also stimulate students' rich emotions and imagination, arouse imitative images, and then affect the formation and development of personality.

V the role of self-education in the formation of personality

Self-education is the internal driving force for the formation and development of good character. The essential difference between humans and animals is that humans have subjective initiative and self-regulation ability, so everyone can shape their good character through self-education. Ushinski, a great Russian educator, believes that self-education is one of the basic conditions for the formation of personality, because all external influences should play a role through self-regulation. In this sense, everyone is shaping his own character.

In the process of children's growth, self-awareness obviously affects the formation of personality. It is the beginning of character formation that children distinguish themselves from the objective environment. From then on, I began to educate myself and shape myself. Of course, this kind of effort is realized with the guidance and help of adults. With the development of children's self-awareness, the power of self-education and self-shaping is getting stronger and stronger. The formation of children's character will change from the accused to the self-controller, and it will also produce a unique motivation of "self-exercise". Therefore, educators should encourage and guide the development of students' self-awareness, create various opportunities, and strengthen the training and cultivation of their own character.