Development history of Dongfeng diesel locomotive

The development of Dongfeng diesel locomotives can be traced back to 1950' s, when diesel locomotives began to spread rapidly all over the world, and China also embarked on the development of traction diesel locomotives and domestic diesel locomotives. 1956, the People's Republic of China and the Ministry of Railways formulated the Twelve-year Railway Science and Technology Development Plan, and put forward that the transformation of traction power is the focus of railway technical transformation, and it is necessary to gradually change from steam locomotives to electric locomotives and diesel locomotives. In the same year, the Locomotive and Rolling Stock Research Institute of the First Ministry of Machinery Industry began the research on the topic of "systematization of diesel locomotive design data"; China and the Soviet Union further signed a technical cooperation agreement to assist China in developing diesel locomotives. From June 1956 to February 1957, Dalian Locomotive and Rolling Stock Factory sent two groups of technicians to the Soviet Union to study the design and manufacturing technology of diesel locomotives. After the delegation returned to China, in the autumn of 1957, a diesel locomotive design team headed by Fu Jingchang, an expert in locomotive design and manufacturing in China, was established in Dalian factory, and it was decided to start developing a new type of electric drive diesel locomotive with reference to the TE3 diesel locomotive of the Soviet Union.

1February, 958, the State Science and Technology Commission formally assigned the task of trial-producing trunk diesel locomotives to Dalian Locomotive and Rolling Stock Works. At that time, there were no ready-made complete sets of drawings and reference materials, only a small amount of TE3 diesel locomotive technical materials provided by Soviet experts and several pieces of fairbanks-Morse 38D8 provided by the Navy. Drawings of type 2 marine diesel engine (Soviet type 2 д 100 diesel engine is an imitation of this type of diesel engine). In addition to Dalian Locomotive and Rolling Stock Factory, Dalian Steel Works, Dalian Instrument Factory, Dalian Diesel Engine Factory, Dalian Institute of Technology, Dalian Naval Machinery School and other units also participated in the trial-production task. 1On June 20th, 958, all employees of Dalian Locomotive and Rolling Stock Factory held a swearing-in meeting, and put forward the goal of manufacturing the first diesel locomotive before the National Day of that year. In the same year, 13 started the trial production of car body metal structure on July 29th, and 15 completed the car body steel structure of the first locomotive in August, and assembled the first diesel engine at the end of August. 1September 26th, 958, Dalian Locomotive & Rolling Stock Works trial-produced two 2000 HP trunk diesel locomotives, named "Julong" diesel locomotive (car number: 000 1 0002), which became the first electric trunk diesel locomotive in China.

Julong diesel locomotive is a DC-driven trunk freight diesel locomotive, which consists of two 2000 horsepower diesel locomotives with the same structure, and adopts a Soviet 2 д 100 two-stroke medium-speed diesel engine as the power unit. At midnight on September 29th, 1959, the dragon locomotive set off from Dalian and arrived in Beijing in the early morning of June 10. On the National Day, Peng, then Vice Premier and Minister of National Defense of the State Council, personally boarded the locomotive for inspection and listened to the report of Fu Jingchang, the chief designer of the locomotive, on the structure, performance, design and trial-production process of the locomotive. 1959 During the National Day, Julong Locomotive was exhibited in Beijing Exhibition Hall together with Pioneer Locomotive of Qishuyan Locomotive & Rolling Stock Factory, Satellite Locomotive of Qingdao Sifang Locomotive & Rolling Stock Factory and Shaoshan Locomotive of Zhuzhou Locomotive & Rolling Stock Factory, and participated in the second national industrial transportation exhibition in February of the same year. 1959165438+1October 12. Guo Moruo, then vice chairman of the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) and president of China Academy of Sciences, wrote a poem to congratulate him: "Today, lightning is fast, and dragons chase satellites. Shaoshan first saw the spark, and this day has already passed. " 1March, 1960, the traction operation test of Julong locomotive was carried out between Dalian and Dashiqiao on Shenyang-Dalian Railway. Subsequently, the Julong locomotive was tested in the Beijing Diesel Locomotive Depot of Beijing Railway Bureau. In the Great Leap Forward era at the end of 1950' s, various locomotive manufacturers set off an upsurge of "striving for diesel locomotive production". The diesel engines used are high-speed and medium-speed, with different power, all of which are in the exploratory stage of trial production and research. Due to the hasty production, the performance and quality of these locomotives are insufficient, and it is impossible to finalize the design and mass production. Faced with this situation, the Ministry of Railways has determined the policy of "high-speed diesel engine and medium-speed diesel engine simultaneously, electric drive and hydraulic drive simultaneously". Since 1959, Dalian Locomotive and Rolling Stock Works and Dalian Thermal Locomotive Research Institute have jointly carried out a series of tests and improvements on Julong locomotive. At the end of 1960, the Ministry of Railways asked Dalian factory to improve the trial production of 2 д 100 diesel engine and nd diesel locomotive on the basis of Julong locomotive, and required that all parts and components must be produced by the factory itself or adopt products from other domestic factories to ensure product quality and meet the requirements of mass production. At that time, the scientific research department suggested copying the latest model 12 д 70 3000 horsepower four-stroke diesel engine of the Soviet Kharkov Transportation Machinery Factory. However, considering that the domestic industrial technology foundation was weak at that time, the Ministry of Railways thought that the development was too difficult, and the technology of 2 д 100 diesel engine was mature, with a prototype and a full set of design drawings, and it could be launched quickly. Finally, it was decided that Dalian factory would copy 2 д 66 diesel engine.

196 1 year, according to the drawings of TE3 diesel locomotive provided by the Soviet Union, Dalian Factory completed the locomotive shaping and drawing rectification, and decided to reduce the loading power to 1800 horsepower to ensure the durability and reliability of diesel engines. At the end of 1962, the first trial-produced 10L207E diesel engine in Dalian factory was assembled. By 1963, two more 10L207E diesel engines were produced, and the reliability test of 100 hour was successfully passed. At the same time, a joint design team composed of Harbin Electric Machine Factory and other factories developed a domestic electric drive system with reference to the electric drive system of TE3 locomotive, including a 1350 kW DC main generator and six 204 kW DC traction motors. The Ministry of Railways defines the improved Julong locomotive as ND diesel locomotive ("N" and "D" stand for diesel locomotive and electric drive respectively, which is the acronym of Chinese Pinyin). 1963 to 65438+February, the first ND locomotive (ND-0003) was completed in Dalian factory, and it was put into trial operation from the end of 65438+February in the same year to the middle of 65438+1October in the following year. 1In September, 1964, Dalian factory trial-produced the second nd locomotive (ND-0004).

196465438+February, 10L207E diesel engine completed 1000 hour durability test. Appraised by the Committee composed of the Ministry of Railways and relevant units, the Ministry of Railways approved this type of diesel engine to be put into mass production. 1In March, 1965, the Ministry of Railways instructed Dalian Locomotive and Rolling Stock Factory to stop the steam locomotive repair business, and in June of the same year, it began mass production of nd diesel locomotives. By the end of the same year, 20 locomotives (ND-0005 ~ ND-0024) had been produced. In August, 1966, ND locomotive was renamed Dongfeng diesel locomotive, and the production history of the electric drive diesel locomotive family named "Dongfeng" by China Railway began. Because Dongfeng locomotive is the first type of Dongfeng series diesel locomotives, it may be called "Dongfeng 1" by mistake, but Dongfeng 1 is not officially named.

Dongfeng diesel locomotive was put into production in 1965 and stopped production in 1972. Dalian Locomotive and Rolling Stock Factory, Chengdu Locomotive and Rolling Stock Factory, Qishuyan Locomotive and Rolling Stock Factory and Datong Locomotive Factory * * * produced 704 sets of Dongfeng locomotives (including nd locomotives, excluding two dragon locomotives). Dalian Locomotive & Rolling Stock Works 1963 to 1972 produced 585 sets, and Chengdu Locomotive & Rolling Stock Works 1968 to 1972 produced 24 sets. The locomotive numbers of Dalian and Chengdu factories are mixed, and the locomotive number is 120 1 ~ 60. Datong Locomotive Works completed the trial production of 1 set (1232) in February 1965. Qishuyan Locomotive and Rolling Stock Factory 1970 to 1974 produced 94 sets (200 1 ~ 2094). 1966, after Dongfeng diesel locomotive was put into operation on northwest Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway, Dalian Locomotive and Rolling Stock Factory began to try to install superchargers on Dongfeng diesel locomotive to solve the problems of diesel engine output power and locomotive traction reduction, combustion deterioration and black smoke emission when non-supercharged Dongfeng locomotive was used in plateau area. 1967, Dalian Locomotive & Rolling Stock Works installed two 65GP 100 exhaust gas turbochargers on newly-built Dongfeng 1305 locomotives for the first time, and carried out the actual vehicle operation test in plateau area. During the test, the locomotive performance is good, and the diesel engine and turbocharger are trouble-free. The test results show that the power of supercharged locomotive is high when it is used in plateau area. On the long slope of 12‰, the maximum speed of Dongfeng locomotive is about 20 km/h, while that of supercharged locomotive can reach about 25 km/h.

1969 In September, Dalian Locomotive & Rolling Stock Factory trial-produced a diesel locomotive named Dongfeng Zengxing (Dongfeng 000 1) on the basis of the operating experience of Dongfeng 1305 locomotive, and completed the application test in plateau area in 1969. This is a trunk freight diesel locomotive which is supercharged and strengthened on the basis of Dongfeng locomotive. The overall structure of Dongfeng locomotive is basically the same as that of Dongfeng locomotive. The locomotive is mainly improved by adopting a two-stage supercharged 10L207EZ diesel engine, adopting a new combined regulator to make full use of the power of the diesel engine, increasing the rated power of the main generator and traction motor, and adding a resistance braking device. Only one Dongfeng extended locomotive was trial-produced and not put into mass production. 1972, in order to meet the needs of traction power internal combustion of passenger trains, Dalian Locomotive and Rolling Stock Works designed and manufactured passenger locomotives on the basis of Dongfeng locomotives. Dongfeng 165 1 and 1657 are the first two passenger diesel locomotives. The main renovation projects of passenger locomotives include changing the gear transmission ratio of traction motor from 4.4 1 to 3.38, increasing the locomotive construction speed from 100 km/h to 120 km/h, deepening the weakening coefficient of traction motor magnetic field and changing the braking rate of braking system. At the beginning of 1972, the locomotive unit of the Ministry of Communications organized several operation tests at the beginning of 1972, and carried out traction tests and operation assessment in Beijing-Guangzhou Railway and beijing-baotou railway; During the whole test of Beijing-Guangzhou Railway, 15 passenger car was towed by two locomotives from Beijing, and arrived in Guangzhou after running for 32 hours and 47 minutes. The highest test speed reached125 km/h. The test results show that these two locomotives have good performance and reliable operation, and can meet the needs of towing passenger trains, but the disadvantage is constant power speed.

In the same year, Dalian Locomotive & Rolling Stock Factory started mass production of Dongfeng 3 trunk passenger diesel locomotives according to the test results of Dongfeng 165 1 and 1657 locomotives. By the time it stopped production in 1974, 225 sets (Dongfeng 3-0001~ 00) had been produced. Chengdu Locomotive & Rolling Stock Factory produced 1 set (0226) in 198 1 year, and the two factories jointly produced 226 Dongfeng 3 locomotives. As Dongfeng 3 is actually a transitional product produced to cope with the shortage of passenger locomotives, it only appeared in11970 s to11980 s and was used as a passenger locomotive. Later, with the widespread use of Dongfeng 4, ND2 and Beijing diesel locomotives, they were eliminated from the passenger transport field. Since 1985, most Dongfeng 3 locomotives have been transformed into Dongfeng locomotives according to the requirements of the Ministry of Railways.