What are the common retaining wall structures in engineering?

I. Structural forms and characteristics of common retaining walls

Common retaining walls in urban road and bridge engineering include cast-in-place reinforced concrete retaining walls, assembled reinforced concrete retaining walls, masonry retaining walls and reinforced earth retaining walls. According to the structural forms and characteristics of retaining walls, they can be divided into gravity retaining walls, counterweight retaining walls, cantilever retaining walls, buttress retaining walls, column-plate retaining walls, anchor retaining walls, self-supporting retaining walls and reinforced earth retaining walls. See table1k411065438 for its structure and features.

Retaining wall structure and classification table1k 411016

Gravity retaining wall relies on the self-weight of the wall to resist the lateral thrust (earth pressure) of the soil behind the wall, thus maintaining the stability of the soil. Stones or precast concrete blocks are often used for masonry or concrete pouring, which is a common retaining wall form in urban roads at present.

▼ Gravity retaining wall

The back of the counterweight retaining wall is provided with a counterweight platform between the upper wall and the lower wall, and the gravity center of the whole wall is moved backward by the weight of the filled soil on the counterweight platform, thus increasing the stability of the wall.

▼ Counterweight retaining wall

Cantilever retaining wall is composed of bottom plate and cantilever straight wall fixed on the bottom plate, which mainly depends on the weight of fill on the bottom plate to maintain the stability of retaining structure.

▼ Cantilever retaining wall

The buttress retaining wall consists of a bottom plate, a straight wall and buttresses fixed on the bottom plate, and the stability of the retaining structure is mainly maintained by the weight of the fill on the bottom plate.

▼ Arm retaining wall site

Column-plate retaining wall with unloading plate is a kind of retaining structure which does not fill the unloading plate and balances the lateral pressure of soil by gravity.

▼ Plate-column retaining wall with unloading plate

▼ Site photo of slab-column retaining wall with unloading plate

Anchor retaining wall is a kind of retaining structure which uses plate rib, lattice or pile row wall structure to retain soil, and relies on anchor fixed on rock or reliable foundation to maintain stability.

▼ Anchor retaining wall

▼ Anchor bolt of retaining wall

Self-supporting retaining wall is a retaining structure that uses sheet piles to retain soil, and relies on the fill itself, tie rods and anchor blocks fixed on a reliable foundation to maintain overall stability.

▼ Self-supporting retaining wall

▼ Site photo of self-supporting retaining wall

▼ Field photos and elevation comparison of self-supporting retaining wall

(Note: In fact, anchor retaining wall and self-supporting retaining wall are similar in principle and appearance. On the basis of anchor retaining wall, anchor rod is replaced by pull rod, and anchor block is added at the end of rod. )

Reinforced retaining wall is a kind of retaining structure which uses thin-walled structure to retain soil and relies on geosynthetics arranged behind the wall to reduce soil pressure to maintain stable walking.

▼ Reinforced earth retaining wall

The bearing capacity of retaining wall foundation must meet the design requirements, and the subsequent process construction can only be carried out after the acceptance. During construction, the retaining wall shall be constructed according to the design requirements.

1 drainage system,

2 drainage holes,

3 filter layer

4 structural deformation joint

(formula: excretion molding).

▼ Retaining wall annex building

When the retaining wall is put into use, the deformation of the wall should be observed to confirm that it meets the qualified requirements.

Second, the retaining wall structure is stressed.

The retaining wall structure will be subjected to the lateral pressure of the soil, and the total value of the force will change with the relative displacement and direction of the structure and the soil, and the distribution of the lateral pressure will change with the construction procedure and deformation process characteristics of the structure. The earth pressure on the retaining wall structure includes static earth pressure, active earth pressure and passive earth pressure.

Static earth pressure (see figure LK4110/6A): If the rigid retaining wall remains in place and the soil behind the wall is not disturbed, the horizontal compressive stress acting on the wall is called static earth pressure. The resultant force is E0(kN/m) and the strength is P0(kPa).

Figure1k 4110/6 Three forms of earth pressure

(a) static earth pressure; (b) active earth pressure; passive earth pressure

Active earth pressure (see figure lK4 1 10 16b): If the rigid retaining wall moves away from the side of the filled soil under the action of the filled soil pressure, the earth pressure acting on the wall will gradually decrease from the static pressure. When the soil behind the wall reaches the limit equilibrium, the soil will begin to shear and crack, which may produce a continuous sliding surface and make the soil slide down. At this time, the earth pressure is reduced to the minimum, which is called active earth pressure. The resultant force and strength are Ea(kN/m) and Pa(kPa) respectively. Express delivery.