General communication mode

1. Oral communication, written communication, nonverbal communication and electronic communication.

(1) oral communication. This is the most common way of communication between people, which is to transmit information through oral language, mainly including face-to-face conversation, telephone conversation, meetings, lectures, seminars and so on. In practical work, most information can basically be transmitted orally.

(2) written communication. It transmits information in written form, mainly including documents, reports, letters and written contracts.

(3) Non-verbal communication. Non-verbal communication refers to the transmission of information through some medium rather than words or characters, including body language communication, intonation, the use of objects and spatial distance. People are often accustomed to using nonverbal communication methods, such as facial expressions, pronunciation and intonation, to enhance the effect of language communication. But this is not easy to do, it needs conscious or special training, and most actors can use it properly. Nonverbal communication can better strengthen the effect of verbal communication, and sometimes it can have the opposite effect. The key lies in the communicator's mastery and application of it. Research data show that in the face-to-face communication process, less than 35% of the information comes from words, while 65% is transmitted through non-verbal information.

(4) Electronic communication. Electronic communication is communication in the form of electronic symbols through electronic media. For example, information can be effectively transmitted, saved and processed by telegraph, telex, audio and video recording, videophone and computer network. With the development of modern information communication technology, especially the rapid development of computer internet, electronic media will play an increasingly important role in the process of information dissemination.

2. Communicate upward, downward, horizontally and obliquely.

(1) communicate upward. This is the communication between subordinate organizations or personnel and superior organizations or leaders according to the organizational affiliation, and it is a bottom-up communication method. The lower level reflects opinions, reports work and puts forward suggestions and requirements to the higher level. Upward communication is an important way for leaders to understand the opinions and ideas of subordinates and ordinary employees. Only when upward communication is unimpeded can managers at all levels understand the real situation of work progress, employees' needs and demands, employees' dissatisfaction and complaints, and problems existing in work, so as to make corresponding decisions in a targeted manner.

(2) downward communication. This is the communication between the superior leader or organization and the subordinate organization according to the affiliation of the organization. It is a top-down communication method. Such as instructions, orders, guiding documents and regulations issued by superiors to subordinates. The main purpose of communication is to make employees understand the business objectives of the organization, change employees' attitudes to form a view consistent with the organizational objectives and coordinate them, thus eliminating employees' anxiety and unstable psychology and promoting the connection between superiors and subordinates.

(3) Horizontal communication. Refers to the organization of information exchange between parallel institutions or personnel at the same level. Such as information exchange between functional departments and employees within the organization. All departments in an organization are more or less interrelated and interdependent. Horizontal communication is an important means to strengthen the contact, understanding, cooperation and unity between departments, reduce contradictions and conflicts between departments, and improve interpersonal and group relations.

(4) skew. It refers to the information communication between people or departments at different organizational levels that are not directly subordinate. For example, among the top leaders of an organization, the person in charge of production or operation, the person in charge of personnel or finance and other leaders must communicate frequently in order to coordinate in time and complete the tasks of the organization comprehensively and effectively. This way of communication is conducive to accelerating the flow of information, promoting understanding, and coordinating all efforts to achieve organizational goals.

3. Formal and informal communication

(1) Formal communication. This is a communication method of information transmission and exchange through the channels designated by the organization. Formal communication is unimpeded, and the management activities of the organization will be orderly; On the contrary, the whole organization may fall into disorder or even paralysis. Therefore, formal communication channels must be sensitive and efficient. Its advantages are formal, serious, binding, authoritative and good communication effect. People who participate in communication generally have a strong sense of responsibility and obligation, so it is easy to maintain the accuracy and confidentiality of communication information. Information in the management system should be communicated in this way. The shortcomings of formal communication are mainly the strong dependence on the organization, which leads to slow communication speed, rigid communication form and the possibility of information distortion or distortion. Due to the lack of flexibility, the scope of information dissemination is limited and the dissemination speed is relatively slow.

(2) Informal communication. Informal communication refers to information transmission and exchange through channels other than formal channels of the organization. It is based on social relations, and this communication has nothing to do with the internal rules and regulations of the organization. Its communication object, time and content are unplanned and arbitrary. And this kind of communication has a certain emotional color. Its advantages are informality, directness, high speed of communication, and easy understanding of inside information that is difficult to provide in formal communication. The main disadvantages are that it is difficult to control and the information transmitted is inaccurate, which may lead to the emergence of small groups. In organizational management, informal communication is of positive significance for promoting faster, better and more comprehensive communication of organizational information. Leaders should strive to establish a perfect and smooth formal communication network, supplemented by flexible informal communication, and use informal communication to serve organizational goals, so as to effectively play the role of communication.

4. One-way communication and two-way communication

(1) one-way communication. Refers to the communication mode of information transmission without feedback. When the problem to be solved is simple and needs urgent treatment, and the subordinates lack enough information, it is best to use one-way communication. However, the accuracy of one-way communication is sometimes poor because the receiver has no chance to express his understanding of the information content. In addition, one-way communication lacks democracy, which is easy for the recipients to have resistance and the communication effect is poor.

(2) Two-way communication. It refers to the communication mode of information transmission with feedback, which is a two-way communication between the sender and the receiver. Its advantages are: the accuracy of communication information is high, the receiver has the opportunity to give feedback, and the two sides can exchange and negotiate repeatedly, enhance mutual understanding, deepen feelings and establish good interpersonal relationships. Its disadvantage is that the receiver has to give feedback in the process of communication, which sometimes interferes with communication and affects the speed of information transmission.