Present situation of traditional agriculture development in coastal areas

Taiwan Province Island Agricultural Cooperatives refers to farmers' groups that deal with the supply of agricultural materials, the production, processing and sales of agricultural products, the use of agricultural machinery and equipment and agricultural labor in a cooperative way based on the same needs and willingness to cooperate, so as to reduce production costs, improve operating efficiency and enhance the economic interests of all members. According to the statistics of cooperative enterprises association on the island, by the end of 2000, there were 538 agricultural cooperatives and cooperative farms in Taiwan Province province, including 343 professional agricultural cooperatives and 0/95 comprehensive cooperative farms. Agricultural cooperatives in Taiwan Province Province are mainly distributed in counties where agricultural production is relatively important in south-central China. From Nantou, south of Changhua County, to the north of Pingtung County, there are as many as 230,000 members participating in agricultural cooperatives. If the principle is that every 1 household farmers participate in agricultural cooperatives, then the farmers who participate in agricultural cooperatives account for about 29% of the total number of 780,000 households. Operation and Status of Agricultural Cooperatives The main business of agricultural cooperatives in Taiwan Province Province, with the development of agricultural cooperatives on the island, its business scope and capacity are also expanding. From the initial sale of agricultural products to the collection, storage and sale of land cultivation, fruits, vegetables and milk, as well as the raising and sale of livestock, there are five main types of * * * utilization of agricultural materials and agricultural machinery: ① the same transportation and marketing business of fruits and vegetables. Since 1979, Taiwan Province Agricultural Cooperative, Taiwan Province Qingguo Transportation and Marketing Cooperative and Taiwan Province Agricultural Association have undertaken the transportation and marketing business of traditional fruits and vegetables, and the transportation and marketing of agricultural cooperatives and Qingguo Cooperative have grown rapidly, accounting for a large proportion in the transportation and marketing of fruits and vegetables in Taiwan Province Province. ② Military vegetable and non-staple food supply business. At present, three main supply stations and 32 secondary supply stations have been established. ③ Direct selling of fruits and vegetables. In order to reduce the transportation and marketing costs, Taiwan Province Agricultural Cooperative introduced the direct selling business of fruits and vegetables, and directly supplied agricultural products to supermarkets and large buyers. ④ Olive export business. Taiwan Province Province has a long history of cooperation in olive marketing. At present, Olive Transportation and Marketing Cooperative, the largest agricultural cooperative organization in Taiwan Province Province, has eight branches and a head office. 1990 exported 2.99 million boxes of bananas and 0.693 boxes of oranges, and sold 63,000 tons of olives at home. ⑤ Production and marketing of livestock products. The main business includes the production, processing and sales of poultry, livestock and their by-products, as well as the supply of production materials such as feed, breeding poultry and breeding livestock. Organizational structure of agricultural cooperatives in Taiwan Province Province. Taiwan Province Agricultural Cooperative has established an organization with high operation efficiency by introducing enterprise operation mechanism according to the characteristics of local agricultural production. The internal organization of cooperatives mainly includes the general meeting of members, the board of directors, the board of supervisors and the social affairs committee. Among them, the general assembly is the highest authority, and each member or representative has only one vote. The Council is the executive body of the cooperative, and the manager is hired by the Council to be responsible for cooperative affairs. The Board of Supervisors supervises on behalf of its members, and the directors and supervisors form the Social Affairs Committee, which serves as the consultative body of the cooperative to discuss major issues of the cooperative. The organizational system of cooperatives is composed of cooperatives, cooperatives and cooperatives. The purpose of establishing cooperatives is to enhance the strength of cooperatives and give play to their large-scale operation. Cooperatives can also establish more specialized cooperatives according to their business or region. The introduction of this cooperative organization structure into the operation mode of enterprises can greatly improve the operation efficiency and labor productivity. Characteristics of agricultural cooperatives in Taiwan Province Province. Since its establishment, agricultural cooperatives have played an active role in promoting agricultural development and providing agricultural production and living services for farmers. Agricultural cooperatives have formed unique characteristics in their own development process: ① A comprehensive and systematic service system has been formed. Agricultural cooperatives are divided into franchise cooperatives and part-time cooperatives, among which franchise cooperatives include agricultural production, marketing, supply, use, credit and insurance cooperatives, which cover almost all fields related to agricultural production and provide comprehensive and systematic services for farmers' production and life, bringing great convenience. (2) Various modes of cooperation have expanded the scale of operation. Agricultural production cooperatives have changed the previous form of taking one household as the agricultural production unit, and adopted various cooperation methods such as "* * * co-farming" and "* * * cooperation" to unite more than a dozen or even dozens of households to expand the scale of production and operation. Farmers unite and cooperate, learn from each other's strengths and improve production efficiency. ③ Agricultural cooperatives play the role of intermediary organizations. Agricultural economic cooperatives have their own set of operating mechanisms, such as adopting a fair distribution form and formulating corresponding laws and policies to restrain the behavior of their members. At the same time, it also plays the role of intermediary organization, on the one hand, it promotes the government's policy intention to be transmitted to farmers from top to bottom; On the other hand, it provides farmers' opinions and opinions to the government. ④ Agricultural economic cooperatives are the unity of fairness and efficiency. Efficiency is reflected in optimizing the allocation of resources by introducing the market through the company's operating mechanism, and fairness is mainly reflected in the distribution of members, which clearly stipulates the rights and obligations of members. Operating Performance of Agricultural Cooperatives in Taiwan Province Province The development of agricultural cooperatives on the island can effectively overcome the operating difficulties of farmers' unbalanced production and marketing, achieve the purpose of reducing production costs, improving operating efficiency and competitiveness, and play an important role in promoting the transformation of agriculture in Taiwan Province Province from traditional to modern. Promote the regionalization and specialization of agricultural production in Taiwan Province Province. According to the characteristics of agricultural production and the distribution of resources in different regions, various professional cooperatives in Taiwan Province Province have obvious regional distribution characteristics, such as flower production cooperatives in Changhua County, green bamboo and vegetable production cooperatives in Kaohsiung County, and Jianan goat milk transportation cooperatives. The professional cooperatives formed in these areas are obviously regional, which is conducive to concentrating resources and energy to promote the development of advantageous industries in the region and enhance regional advantages and competitiveness. For industries within the province, large-scale cooperatives should be established to effectively avoid the inefficiency of decentralized management and mutual competition. Unified management can also effectively reduce operating costs and avoid waste of resources. Cooperatives also provide guidance to members in all aspects, enhance the effectiveness of joint operation and improve the degree of professional cooperation. Promote the expansion of agricultural operation scale. Cooperative management is an extremely effective way to overcome the idea of small-scale peasant management. The fruit tree industry and pig industry, which rank among the best in agricultural production output value in Taiwan Province Province, belong to the whole province. Therefore, such cooperatives are large in scale and have many members. Branches have been set up in all localities to make overall arrangements for production, and specific businesses such as the supply of means of production, technical guidance, market development, transportation and marketing are handled by cooperatives. Some cooperatives have also set up research institutions, such as Qingguo Cooperative, and established a banana research institute for the main export fruits and bananas in Taiwan Province Province. Such institutions can provide a series of perfect services before, during and after delivery, and gradually form a large-scale operation. Some regional cooperatives can also develop into large-scale management systems through continuous improvement and resource integration. Improve market competitiveness. Before cooperatives, farmers' agricultural products were mainly sold through middlemen, and the phenomenon of disconnection between production and sales was serious. Some middlemen only care about immediate interests and try their best to get profits from the price difference, but generally have no idea of market development, resulting in small sales of agricultural products and weak competitiveness. Cooperatives can effectively reduce production costs, transportation costs and marketing costs through specialized production and a certain scale of operation, so that farmers can directly enter the market and negotiate face to face with buyers. Farmers can negotiate the purchase price to effectively safeguard their own interests, reduce the number of middlemen and reduce operating costs. At the same time, large-scale transportation and marketing can also greatly reduce transportation and marketing costs. In addition, we can rely on the strength of the association to establish better ties with overseas markets, effectively promote the export of agricultural products and provide better conditions for the international competitiveness of products. Promote the transformation from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture. Agricultural cooperatives are conducive to promoting the transformation from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture. Traditional agriculture takes one household as the production unit, which is inefficient and unable to buy advanced machinery and equipment. The establishment of agricultural cooperatives is conducive to the popularization and promotion of agricultural machinery, and members can rent or use it together through cooperatives to reduce agricultural production costs; Agricultural science and technology can be popularized timely and effectively in cooperatives, which can improve the scientific and technological content of agricultural products, reduce production costs, help establish agricultural products brands, detect pesticide residues and so on. These practices have promoted the gradual approach of agriculture in Taiwan Province Province to modern agriculture. In addition, cooperatives will play a great role in transferring part of rural surplus labor force, promoting rural urbanization, reducing the possibility of polarization in rural residents' transformation, enhancing social unity and cooperation, improving people's moral level and cultivating farmers' entrepreneurial spirit. The problems existing in agricultural cooperatives have a weak sense of cooperation. With the further development of agricultural cooperatives on the island, some members have a weak sense of cooperation and a strong sense of utility. Some members are too selfish to care about the operation of the cooperative. Some even regard cooperatives as places for dumping at low prices, so there are often cases in which cooperatives have no supply of goods when prices are high; The price is low, and the supply of goods is swarming again, which destroys the good operating order of the cooperative. Insufficient funds. Agricultural cooperatives are not profit-making organizations but service organizations. Therefore, its funding sources are limited and unstable. At present, the funds of agricultural cooperatives in Taiwan Province Province mainly come from eight aspects: equity, government subsidies at all levels, special funds, cooperatives' self-savings, loans from financial institutions, donations, operating funds and member funds, and cooperatives rarely have their own real estate. Therefore, it can't get long-term large loans that need real estate as collateral, and can only get some short-term loans on the condition of paying high interest. Because the return of agricultural production is low and the interest is high, it does not conform to the characteristics of agricultural production. Some cooperatives can only repay their loans by borrowing, and it is easy to fall into a vicious circle of funds. There is a shortage of professionals who run cooperatives. Due to the lack of funds, agricultural cooperatives in Taiwan Province Province have not introduced talents with high salaries, and they are not as good as some private enterprises and farmers' associations in attracting talents. Therefore, it is difficult for cooperatives to hire some talents who are good at cooperative management and actively expand their business. Some professionals who were originally in cooperatives also jumped ship to find another job because of their low wages. Small business scale. The operation scale of agricultural cooperatives on the island is still very small. Influenced by the concept of private ownership, members regard land and other commodities as their own. Even if they join the cooperative, they are unwilling to combine their land with other members. In addition, the situation of the rich and the poor is different with different land areas. It is also difficult to implement joint ventures. Therefore, most of them choose the mode of separate tillage and joint venture. The cooperative itself has no mandatory laws and effective policies and measures to encourage its members to jointly farm and associate, and the relevant departments have not issued corresponding policies to reform and adjust the land property right system. Under such circumstances, the operating costs of members are still relatively high, and economies of scale have not really formed. The legal system and management system of agricultural cooperatives are backward. There are clear laws and regulations on the establishment of cooperatives on the island. The establishment of agricultural cooperatives is based on cooperative laws and regulations, and it is applied to the competent authorities according to law and approved by the relevant departments for registration. Some conditions for the establishment of agricultural cooperatives, such as a land area of more than 50 hectares and a share capital of more than 500,000 yuan, seem to be too demanding for backward areas. This kind of regulation does not really proceed from reality and lacks flexibility, which makes the foundation of cooperatives established in some backward areas too weak. The successful operation of agricultural cooperatives in Taiwan Province Province is of great significance to the construction of socialist market economy in Chinese mainland. The issue of agriculture, countryside and farmers in Chinese mainland has always been a major issue in rural development. The widening "scissors gap" has caused huge losses to farmers, the prices of agricultural products are low, and the gap between urban and rural areas is widening. These are all problems that need to be solved urgently. Although a number of various types and forms of agricultural cooperative organizations have been established in Chinese mainland, these agricultural cooperative organizations are not guaranteed by relevant cooperation laws and regulations. Without the support and guarantee of government funds and technology, their functions are extremely limited or even irregular. Therefore, how to establish an agricultural cooperative that truly suits Chinese mainland's national conditions is worthy of in-depth study by every economist.