What are the most typical buildings in China in 1950s?

Garden. Ancient buildings in China used wood, brick and tile as the main building materials, and wood frame structure as the main structural mode. This structural mode is composed of columns, beams, purlins and other main components, and the joints between the components are equipped with tenons and mortises to form an elastic frame. There are three different structural modes of ancient wooden frame in China: hanging beam, span bucket and shaft. The hanging beam type is called "hanging beam type" because the beam is placed on the column and hung on the beam. This structure is often used in palaces, temples, monasteries and other large buildings.

China's traditional architecture advocates "harmony between man and nature", pays attention to "quietness" and "cleanness" of living, and has a peaceful environment and implicit architecture. Whether it is the freehand brushwork of the courtyard in the south of the Yangtze River or the independent group of the courtyard, they all pursue the harmony between people and the environment: pay attention to the stability, safety and sense of belonging of the living environment.

While following the essence of China traditional architecture, new Chinese architecture pays more attention to the value of modern life. Different from simple antique buildings, the new Chinese architecture pays more attention to improving comfort, such as paying more attention to privacy in design, strengthening lighting and ventilation, effectively improving the position of bathroom and kitchen in the living room, and better dividing and organically coordinating the living environment among the elderly, children and couples. In addition, in the treatment of courtyards and basements, more innovative pens of modern life streamline have been absorbed, such as outer courtyards, sunken courtyards and inner verandahs. , making the architecture in China look more natural, modern and full of vitality.

New Chinese architecture has transformed various elements in traditional architecture through modern materials and technologies, and made necessary evolution and abstraction on this basis. The original appearance of traditional architecture is no longer visible, but the overall style still retains the charm and essence of Chinese folk houses. The spatial structure deliberately follows the layout format of traditional houses and the sloping roof with shingles that traditional houses have always used, but it does not follow the old rules and absorbs the local architectural colors and styles according to local characteristics, so it can have its own characteristics.

Generally speaking, new buildings in China can be divided into two schools: the courtyard school in the north and the garden school in the south. The courtyard buildings in the north adopt the gray sloping roof, cheese tile and courtyard wall with a certain height in the appearance of Beijing quadrangle; Most of them are made of gray bricks with strong regional colors, forming a magnificent momentum; The spatial structure is to pursue the fully enclosed form of quadrangles and design courtyard space as much as possible.