Eight lacquer crafts

Lacquerware technology developed greatly during the Warring States Period, and it was found in Chu, Qi, Yan, Han, Zhao, Wei and Qin, indicating that the output of lacquerware far exceeded that of the previous generation. And at this time, the variety of lacquerware increased greatly, and the categories were complete. There are beds, boxes, desks and other household furniture, utensils such as ear cups, beans and plates, cosmetic utensils such as boxes and jewelry boxes, bronzes such as ding, beans, pots and plates, musical instruments such as drums, harps and sheng, and armor, shields, bows and swords. It shows that lacquerware has been gradually applied to all aspects of people's social life, and also indicates that people's material and cultural development level has been greatly improved and will soon enter a brand-new stage.

At this time, the fetal bones of lacquerware are still mainly wooden tires, but the number of thin-plate tires has increased obviously, and bamboo tires and sandwiched tires have appeared. Clip _ tire is made of multilayer linen or silk, which is light and firm, easy to penetrate and adhere to the paint surface; The invention of clamping tire is a great progress in lacquerware technology. In addition, products painted on bronze, pottery or leather products were found. At this time, the mosaic technology has been further developed, especially in the process of embedding gold foil, silver foil or copper on the surface of lacquerware. Gold foil was cut into various patterns, and some were needled, which was magnificent. During the Warring States period, a hoop made of copper or silver appeared on the utensils, which was called a utensil. In addition to strengthening, it also makes the utensils more beautiful. In addition, the lacquerware is also attached with metal accessories such as copper head, copper cover, copper foot and copper _.

At this time, red, yellow, blue, green, black, gold, silver and other colors are often used to draw complex moire, vortex, diamond geometric pattern, plane pattern, bird and beast pattern on lacquerware, which is very gorgeous. Moreover, lacquerware often has words with lacquer books, needle engravings or brand marks, including the names of government or private workshops, craftsmen or users. It provided important information for studying the handicraft industry and commerce at that time.

Due to good natural preservation conditions, many well-preserved lacquerware have been unearthed in southern China, among which there are many fine works. For example, the dragon and snake lacquerware unearthed from Changtaiguan Chu Tomb in Xinyang, Henan Province, the Yuanyang lacquer box unearthed from Zenghouyi Tomb in Suizhou, Hubei Province, the tiger and bird drum frame unearthed from Jiangling Chu Tomb in Hubei Province, and the leather tire lacquer shield unearthed from No.406 Chu Tomb in Wulipai, Changsha, Hunan Province. In particular, 1965, a small painted wood carving screen unearthed from the No.1 tomb of Wangshan, Jiangling, Hubei Province, is a rare treasure. Height 15cm, width 5 1? 8 cm, 3 cm thick. It consists of a flat base and a rectangular screen, which is hollowed out to carve lovers, deer, snakes, frogs and so on. It shows the scene of the couple fighting with the snake and winning, which has far-reaching implications. With black paint as the ground, decorated with various colors of paint such as _ red, gray-green, gold and silver, it is quite gorgeous. Another example is 1986 painted chariots and horses unearthed from No.2 Chu Tomb in Baoshan, Jingmen, Hubei. The outer wall of the container is painted with black paint, and the scenes of nobles traveling by car and welcoming guests are painted in orange, khaki, brown and cyan. * * * 26 people, 4 cars, 10 horse. Some are still, some are running, there are birds in the sky and swaying trees on the ground, all of which are rare lacquer paintings.