China's famous architectural style

China is located in the east of Asia and the west coast of the Pacific Ocean, covering an area of over 9.6 million square kilometers. China is an ancient civilization with a long and rich history. The history of China can usually be divided into three stages: ancient, modern and modern.

1840 The Opium War marked the beginning of China's modern history. The establishment of 1 949 65438+1October1People's Republic of China (PRC) marked that China entered the stage of socialist construction.

China architecture has an independent system with a long history and a wide range. For thousands of years, the architecture in China is famous for its wooden arch. Until the middle of19th century, China architecture was not influenced by foreign architectural culture. The appearance of buildings in China usually leaves an extraordinary impression.

Traditional architecture in China is closely related to environment and philosophy. In modern China, especially after 1949, the construction industry in China reflected the rapid development of the national economy. In recent years, China's architecture has sought new breakthroughs, trying to combine traditional features with international advanced concepts and technologies.

The Basic Features of China Architecture

The first is the wooden frame system, "the wall falls down and the house does not collapse."

There are two main types of wooden frames: beam-lifting and barrel-piercing. The system has the following characteristics:

(1) Attach importance to Taiwan's work

In order to prevent the roots of wooden columns from getting wet, the base should be raised. Gradually, the height and form of abutment become the symbol of architectural grade. For example, the height of the abutment of the palace is specified, and the hall of supreme harmony uses a three-story white marble abutment of Xumishan Mountain.

Flexible housing

Pavilion, warehouse, room and hall

(3) The roof is curved or curved.

(4) using bucket arches in important buildings

Bucket arch was originally a load-bearing member. With the change of structural function, the bucket arch has become the symbol of architectural grade.

(5) The decoration structure is not decorated.

Second, the courtyard layout

China's palaces, temples, government offices and houses are all quadrangles. In addition, courtyard bungalows have much advantages over single high-rise wooden pavilions in fire prevention and rescue.

Third, a planned city.

The capitals of most dynasties in history belonged to the imperial city system in the Book of History of the Ministry of Industry and Rites, and most of them were built into square and straight streets according to certain plans.

Fourth, landscape architecture

The landscape composition of China Gardens adopts tortuous and free layout. Because it borrows and imitates nature, it has the same artistic conception as China's landscape paintings and poems. It is very different from the usual geometric figures, tree pruning and artificial atmosphere of European classical gardens. Emphasize that "although it is made by people, it is self-opened."

Verb (abbreviation of verb) unique architectural landscape

Equate architecture with clothes, chariots and horses, and do not seek eternity. Never treat architecture as an academic. Advocate thrift.

A brief history of the development of ancient architecture in China

Influence of natural conditions on ancient architecture in China

China is located in the southeast of Asia, along the southeast coast, and deep into the mainland in the northwest, covering an area of about 9.6 million square kilometers. In these areas with different natural conditions, the working people in ancient China adapted to local conditions and used materials to create various styles of buildings. In the middle reaches of the Yellow River, the loess layer is thick and loose, which is beneficial to agricultural production. In the late Neolithic period, people settled here and multiplied, becoming the cradle of ancient culture in China. At that time, the climate in this area was warmer and wetter than it is now, with dense forests growing, and wood gradually became the main building material used in China since ancient times. In order to resist the cold, the houses in the north face south, so that the sun can shine into the room in winter, and the fire-resistant kang and thick outer wall and roof are used, which makes the appearance of the building look heavy and solemn. In the warm and humid south, houses often face south or southeast to receive the cool sea breeze in summer, or overhead dry diaphragm structure is adopted at the lower part of the house to circulate air and reduce humidity. Building materials, besides wood, bricks and stones, also use bamboo and reeds; Thin wall and multiple windows; The architectural style is light and sparse, which is in sharp contrast with the northern architecture mentioned above.

In addition, in stone-rich mountainous areas, every house is built with stones, stone strips and slates; In forest areas, well-shaped walls are usually used. These differences show that in the architecture of the same nation, due to the natural conditions in different regions, various characteristics have been produced.

Several stages of the development of ancient architecture in China

I. Late primitive society (about 50,000 years ago-4,000 years ago)

2. Xia-Shang-Western Zhou-Spring and Autumn Period (about 2/kloc-0 BC/century-476 BC)

Third, the feudal society (475 BC-AD 1840)