What are the historical legends or folk stories related to the bunker?

Tibetan dwellings-diaofang in southern tibet. Villages and towns in southern Tibet are rich in Shi Cun, and houses are generally made of stone walls, 2-3 meters high, which are called blockhouses. The bunker uses wood as beams, columns and rafters. Flat roofs, some with balconies. There are bright colors on the wooden beams and columns, and glass is installed on the windows, which can effectively use the local sunshine. On the vast pastoral grassland, herders live in a square financial room. The top of the tent is a carpet made of cow hair, surrounded by grass and mud. The bunker conforms to the plateau natural conditions, agriculture and animal husbandry production, Lamaism beliefs, living habits and self-defense needs.

Diaolou is the main form of traditional residential buildings in Tibet, with a very long history, which can be traced back to the Qamdo Karo culture period in the middle and late Neolithic Age. Jiang Daoyuan said in "A Preliminary Study of Karuo Cultural Residential Buildings in Tibet": "The wooden frame buildings and stone wall buildings in Tibet have begun to take shape in the excavation of Karuo ruins in primitive society. It is particularly noteworthy that more complex composite structures such as F5, F30, F 12 were found in the late buildings. With the development of technology, dense and thick wooden stakes have been found. Through the analysis of structural mechanics and the application of shaft structure, it is completely possible to build a wooden house, because shaft buildings often coexist with dry column buildings. This construction method is the same as that of the hedgerow buildings in the vast areas of southwest China in ancient times. It builds rooms on the ground floor, uses lower space to raise livestock, people live on the floor, and still retains the characteristics of bunkers. The exterior wall is made of stone. Because the roof overhangs, there are examples of lifting columns. This kind of building has a new feature, which is to combine the wooden frame with the beam wall of the watchtower, which we call' watchtower style'. " It is this bunker building system formed in the late Karuo culture that has been inherited and carried forward by Tibetan people for thousands of years. The traditional Tibetan bunker is a closed courtyard with one house and one hospital. Each courtyard consists of a main house and a wall. Some prominent people with economic strength live in quadrangles. The spatial layout of bunkers is mostly 1 ~ 4 floors, and only a few of them are above 4 floors. Courtyards vary according to local building materials. Generally divided into wooden fence, adobe wall, rammed building, earth wall and stone wall. The general courtyard walls are all one story high, and the roof is flat-topped. The plane of the bunker is square or rectangular, mostly made of stone and wood. The wooden beam and column bear the load at the same time as the wall, and the stone wall is separated from the outer wall, and the inner wall is vertical, solid and tight. It can not only meet the needs of daily life, but also effectively defend itself. The military defense performance of Tibetan traditional blockhouses is mainly: 1, with tight structure, firmness and practicality, and magnificent appearance. In Weizang area, the courtyard walls of residential buildings are mostly stone walls, adobe bricks or rammed earth walls, and the wall thickness is about 1 m. Some main buildings have high walls with a height of 6 ~ 7 meters and a thickness of about 2 meters. Generally, the height of the courtyard wall is more than 2 meters, which ensures the anti-theft at home. If outsiders try to cross this courtyard wall easily, it will not be so easy. The building materials used in Tibetan blockhouses are mostly local materials, and the walls are thick and solid. Tibetan dwellings are closed courtyards isolated from the outside world, forming a world of their own. Usually living in it is warm in winter and cool in summer, and it is an extremely strong defensive fortress in wartime. 2. The doors and windows are cleverly designed. The gate of traditional Tibetan houses is located on the ground floor. There are single doors and double doors. No matter what kind of door, it is made of very strong boards. Some families also put iron sheets around the door, which is both beautiful and makes the door stronger. As the only access to the main building, each Tibetan gate is carefully designed. Behind the door, there is a partition flush with the room. Its main function is to block the line of sight, so that people can't see the owner sitting in the window immediately after pushing the door, but the owner can directly see the line of sight of people. In the past, the hidden door was generally not high, and it was generally appropriate not to exceed the head. Folklore is to prevent zombies from entering. In fact, the gate is small and strong, so it is not easy to be broken, and the safety factor is greatly increased. Where there are floors of residential buildings, the ground floor is used as a place for raising livestock, emphasizing defense, and there are no windows on the walls. Ventilation holes are only set near the floor, with small holes outside and large holes inside. In fact, this kind of hole is a typical shooting hole in ancient military. In addition to ventilation, it can also be used to observe, watch and shoot from the inside out. The windows of traditional Tibetan dwellings are few and small, mainly for heating and better defense; Now most of the windows are made very big, and almost every room has windows. The main consideration is lighting and ventilation. 3. The stairs are unique. The upper and lower floors of traditional Tibetan houses are connected by wooden stairs, and many places are single wooden ladders, which can be moved at will. Some houses have baffles at the stairs to directly separate the upstairs from the downstairs. I'm afraid this design is mainly for defensive reasons. In the era of cold weapons, once a conflict occurs, as long as the stairs are removed or the baffle is covered, the top (or bottom) can be safe and sound, and there are no lambs. 4. The roof of the main building of Tibetan dwellings is generally flat, and the ground is compacted with clay with good waterproof performance. Leave a hole in the wall to drain water. The roof has many functions, one is to dry grain as a dam, the other is to pile up grain and forage, and the third is to watch the wind. The roof is relatively high, and with the strong light from Tibet, the visibility is excellent, and you can see far away places. This is why some watchtowers dedicated to observation in ancient Tibet were located at the top of the mountain or in places with wide horizons. 5. The cellar is hidden. In the past, many nobles had cellars in their homes, the main function of which was to store valuables so that they could hide at critical moments. In Langkazi area, the cellar of aristocratic families is usually located behind the door. The pit mouth is covered with wooden boards, and the wooden boards are covered with garbage or other sundries. It's hard to be found by deliberately making some disguises. In addition to Tibet, diaolou-style residential buildings are all over Tibet. Such as Gannan, Muya and Marcand. The ancient pagoda buildings in Jiarong and Danba Tibetan areas are famous both at home and abroad, and related descriptions can be seen everywhere. Here, taking Muya folk house as an example, the military defense style of local folk houses is introduced. According to Minyag Choekyi Gyaltsan, an expert on ancient buildings in Tibet, Muya folk houses have a strong defensive function, and their ancient houses are more prominent. Taking a fourth-floor residential building as an example, the thickness of the surrounding stone wall is about 1 m; A false wall is set on the side of the bottom floor without a door to form a darkroom; When entering the hidden room, set a ladder down from the second floor and hide the stairs at ordinary times so that no one can find them. Valuables can be hidden inside to avoid being robbed. There are no windows on the first and second floors, some ventilation pipes are set on the first floor, and shooting holes are set on the second floor. The second floor is an important place to stick to your home, because the height of the second floor is most suitable for countering enemies near you with bows and arrows or soil guns. There are many observation and shooting holes around the second floor. In order to facilitate observation and shooting, the shooting hole is T-shaped, and the hole is made into a trumpet shape with narrow outside and wide inside. The upper horizontal hole is used for observation, and the lower vertical hole is used for shooting. The gate at the bottom is the only access to the main building, and it is also the focus of prevention. Therefore, a special method is adopted in the design of the gate, that is, the gate opening is set very high, which is higher than the second floor. It is 4m from the threshold to the foot of the beam, and the gate itself is only over 2m high, with an increase of 1 meter. A rectangular hole with a height of 0.4 m and a width of 0.6 m and the same length as the doorway is left between the doorway and the lintel, which is used for the enemy to smash stones or kill intruders with other weapons when approaching the doorway. Good luck and happiness!