From the plant planting, superimposed mountains and water, garden architecture, three aspects of the Chinese and Japanese classical gardens in the landscaping techniques on the similarities and differ

From the plant planting, superimposed mountains and water, garden architecture, three aspects of the Chinese and Japanese classical gardens in the landscaping techniques on the similarities and differences Chinese and Japanese classical gardens in the two countries on the similarities and differences in landscaping techniques

To mention the Japanese gardens, in the majority of Chinese people seem to be roughly the same as China's gardens, both the lack of Chinese gardens in the grandeur of the Chinese gardens, but also the lack of Chinese gardens in the exquisite artificial architecture. However, so in our view seems to be ordinary Japanese gardens, but in today's world gardens have a place.

While Japanese gardens seem to be the same as Chinese gardens, when people look at the Japanese classical gardens from a cultural point of view, but was surprised to find that no matter from the placement of the landscape, point of view, or the creative layout of the entire garden, everywhere with the distinctive traces of the influence of Chinese culture, implying a large number of Chinese cultural genes. Walking in the Japanese classical garden, you will find many traces of ancient Chinese literati and artists, as well as such as the shadow of the Three Friends, the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove and so on. Let's start with its history and look at Japanese classical gardens from a cultural point of view.

A brief history of Japanese classical gardens

Japanese gardens can be said to be the characteristics of the nature of the original into the realistic table, but also contains the nature of the symbolization of the very clever artistic gardening method. Japanese gardens entered a period of development during the Nara period. During this period, the gardens of the court and the central aristocracy were more developed, and all of them were dominated by the spring ponds and the pontifical islands. The popularity of curved water feasts was one of the cultural characteristics of Japanese gardens during this period. In the Heian period, when the emperor settled in Kyoto, gardening skills were also developed, and in this period there were magnificent bedchamber-type buildings, and the gardens developed from these buildings were called "bedchamber-type gardens". During the Kamakura period, the samurai established a shogunate in Kamakura. In the Kamakura period, the samurai established the Shogunate in Kamakura, and the Zen temple gardens appeared, and the Kusui gardens also began to sprout in the Zen temple gardens. The Muromachi period was the golden age of Japanese gardening, and the most characteristic Japanese kusui gardens matured and developed. Also regarded as Japanese-style gardens were the tea gardens, which flourished in the Momoyama period and were popularized in the Edo period. Secondly, the Edo period saw the creation of daimyo gardens, which were comprehensive gardens that served a variety of functions.

Overall view of the history of the development of Japanese gardens can be seen, started in the Bird era of Japanese classical gardens in different eras, the theme of its forestation, the main body, the form, the idea of the distinctive characteristics of the times, and these are precisely the formation of the characteristics of Japanese gardens.

Two, Japanese garden style introduction

Tea garden style, that is, the structure of the garden attached to the tea room. It is subdivided into the Kusan style, which is simple and plain in structure, and the Shoin style, which is mainly ornamental.

The Chikuzan Rinzumi style, i.e., river, island, forest, spring as the theme of the architectural structure, is divided into Nakajima Rinzumi style, the bedchamber of Rinzumi style Edo Rinzumi style, and so on.

Withdrawal of water, i.e., not using water at all, but using a stone group to symbolize the waterfall, using white sand to symbolize the flowing water, and using pruned trees to symbolize the interest of the mountain garden, withdrawal of water garden garden, also known as the stone garden, is a combination of Zen and Chinese ink paintings such as the crystallization of the garden is the product of a high degree of poetic modeling and the symbolic attention to the extreme performance of the garden is known as a landscape painting without the hanging scrolls.

Three, the characteristics of Japanese gardens own culture

Historically, has been subject to the great influence of Chinese culture, Japan's classical gardens, especially in the Edo period to build a number of daimyo gardens are overflowing with Chinese garden style. Although the influence of Chinese culture is omnipresent, everywhere, but as the nation's traditional culture of the historical crystallization and spiritual products, Japanese classical gardens are still all the time not to show its own strong national characteristics and typical Japanese beauty.

Four, Japanese gardens and shrinking ambition

Garden was originally shrinking thousands of miles in the art of square inches. There is probably not a nation in the world like the Japanese nation as good at "shrinking" the skill of advocating the delicate, subtle beauty. Daitokuji Ryukwangin has a famous tea room called "Inch Songan", the interior is low and narrow and can not be straight, the room door hangs once "beehive ants hole" is a very graphic description of the characteristics of this tea room. At the beginning of the tea ceremony, the tea room designed by the tea master Shouou was only 4.5 tatami mats in size (one tatami mat is equivalent to 1.33 square meters), and this type of tea room continued to be popular until Chiriku's Kusoan Tea Ceremony took shape. The entrance to the tea room was generally as small as a window, and guests of all ranks had to bend down on their knees in order to "enter". This was done for the sole purpose of creating an atmosphere of peace and humility. Regardless of the inferiority or superiority into the tea room bending down on the occasion of the humility of the feeling of leisurely and born.

Fifth, the Japanese garden of the sublime stone psychology

Compared with the Chinese gardens, stone landscaping in Japanese gardens has the status. However, if the appearance of the stone, compared with the Taihu Lake stone, Japanese gardens in the stone can be said to look amazing, some famous gardens (such as Longanji stone court) of the stone can even become ugly stone, from a cultural point of view, with the focus on the appearance of the stone compared to the Japanese pay more attention to the spirit of the stone, stone of the soul. Iwaza, Iwaji comes from the ancient Japanese mythology, this kind of myth that Japan's ancestral god is from the sky, the emperor is the god of the "grandson of the sky", Japan's land was established by the grandson of the sky. It is also a concrete manifestation of Japan's reverence for stones that the garden stones are given specific metaphors to symbolize the world to which they aspire, and that the garden stones are heavily personalized or divinely characterized. The garden stone in "Sakutei" has already appeared "Sanzunishi", "Junishi", "Chinishi" and such names.

Sixth, Japanese gardens and love of the sea

In the creation myth, the sea is the origin of the Japanese people. The "Three Views of Japan" (Matsushima, Amanohashidate, and Itsukushima) are mainly composed of natural scenery, and have been the most beautiful places in the minds of Japanese people since ancient times. The sea has been y materialized in the gardens, and the imitation of the sea has been one of the themes of Japanese gardens. After the emergence of the dry landscape garden, the white sand, which originally symbolized the beach, replaced the spring pool in the garden and directly represented the vast ocean. This pursuit of a strong sense of seascape, into the Edo period after a greater development, people directly to the garden built in the sea, or the introduction of seawater into the garden pool, the construction of the so-called "tide into the type of garden", this time, the pool side of the white sandy beach and from the abstract back to the concrete, become a real beach.

Seven, the Japanese garden and martial spirit

The same feudal society, China's ruling class for the scholar, derived from the culture of the scholar, the culture of Shangwen; and Japan's is headed by a general of the samurai, samurai dominated by the culture of martial arts, samurai culture. Reflected in the garden, is the Chinese literati garden developed and Japanese martial arts garden prosperity. People directly feel the atmosphere of martial arts is the daimyo gardens, to the Imperial Palace, temples and noble houses as the center of the development of Japanese gardens, such as the samurai era after the color of martial arts, and even the killing atmosphere. "Rokugien" is the most literary, "Waka no Garden", it was built at the beginning of the establishment of the shooting range, not only for martial arts training, but also the physical and mental training ground for the samurai. In the garden set up a riding range this martial arts custom has continued until the middle and late Edo, riding on the shooting range of the sword, and the pursuit of dust outside the immaculate world of the tea plantation built in strong contrast, become another major feature of the Japanese classical gardens.

Eight, Japanese gardens and cultural compatibility

Japan is a country surrounded by the sea on all sides, coupled with the Edo period of the long-term implementation of the policy of seclusion, history has been in isolation, has given birth to a highly developed single culture. However, as long as the corner of the Japanese culture will be uncovered will be found, mostly unique Japanese culture, in fact, to a large extent, the Japanese nation for a long time to absorb a variety of foreign cultures formed by the aggregation of the subject. In ancient times, Chinese culture had a far-reaching influence on Japan in almost all fields, such as the system of rules and regulations, political thought, religion, production technology, literature and art, architecture, and medicine, etc. However, the Japanese culture has still adopted an attitude of compatibility and acceptance and absorbed the essence of the Japanese culture to form a modern civilization that still maintains its own characteristics.

Heian period of the Japanese garden is like a melting pot, the Japanese inherent superstitious ideas, Taoism, Buddhism, Confucianism, yin and yang, five elements and other ideas **** melting a garden. In Japan's earliest gardening book "for the court record", the author explains the principle of heavy water from a variety of ideas, for example, Penglai and tortoise and crane stone for the doctrine of Taoism, the three stones and Mount Sumeru for the Buddhist theory, the ruler and the minister of the stone for the words of Confucianism, the flow of water to place the stone planting tree orientation is the yin and yang and the five elements, it can be said that, formally relying on the mashup of various schools of thought to achieve the achievement of this classic of the Japanese gardening. The Muromachi period's Kusansui gardens were influenced by Chinese Zen Buddhism and Northern Song Dynasty paintings, and Zen Buddhism was utilized to its fullest extent. -Japanese gardens are also precisely because of the above characteristics of the compatibility of the one, only to form their own characteristics and rich garden culture, only to make it look like Chinese gardens but the essence of the different, unique, in the world garden shine.