Classification and characteristics of geological data

Geological data are provided by units undertaking geological work projects. The purpose of using geological data is to give full play to the role of geological data and protect the legitimate rights and interests of the remitters.

1. Collection of geological data

The Regulations on Geological Data Management defines geological data as original geological data, achievement geological data and physical geological data such as cores, various specimens, optical slices and samples in the form of words, charts, audio-visual and electromagnetic media formed in geological work. The detailed contents of geological data submission are listed in the Measures for the Implementation of Geological Data Management Regulations (Table 3- 1).

Table 3- 1 List of Geological Data Collection in China

sequential

2. Classification of geological data

There are many ways to classify geological data, which are classified into classified geological data and non-classified geological data according to whether they involve state secrets or not. According to the interests of investors, it can be divided into protective geological data and non-protective geological data. The combination of the two forms four categories: confidential protective geological data, confidential non-protective geological data, non-confidential protective geological data and non-confidential non-protective geological data, as shown in Figure 3- 1.

Figure 3- 1 Classification of geological data by classification or not

According to the manifestations of geological data, it can be divided into achievement geological data, original geological data and physical geological data. Among them, the results of geological data are divided into: regional geological survey maps, manuals and reports; Regional geophysical, geochemical and remote sensing surveys and reports; Regional hydrogeology and environmental geology survey and evaluation map and report; Report on mineral investigation, evaluation and exploration; Geological disaster monitoring and early warning report; Small-scale geological thematic maps and comprehensive research results; Achievements in the development of geological exploration technology; Geological database and software development achievements. As shown in Figure 3-2.

Figure 3-2 Morphological Classification of Geological Data

According to the form of geological data, it can be divided into printed geological data, digital geological data and physical geological data. Geological data in printed form include paper geological data and other medium geological data; According to the format size, it can be divided into large format geological maps, standard format geological reports, schedules and attached drawings. Geological data in digital form can be divided into vector data, raster data, text data and tabular data according to file format; According to storage devices, it can be divided into optical disk storage, hard disk storage, tape storage and local area network storage. Physical and geological data are divided into drilling cores, geological samples and thin slices. As shown in figure 3-3.

3. Characteristics of geological data

Geological data has the characteristics of high formation cost, wide application range, reusability and great potential for economic and social benefits. In 2003, the British Geological Survey used cost-benefit analysis and value-added method to evaluate its economic benefits. The results show that the contribution of British Geological Survey in 200 1 year is equivalent to 850 ~ 1525 times of its annual turnover. In addition, according to the calculation of other countries, the geological map in geological products, even if calculated according to the minimum value, is at least 25 times the cost of surveying and mapping. Since the founding of New China, China has invested about 500 billion yuan in geological exploration (original price, if converted into current price of nearly one trillion yuan), forming a large number of geological data, which has made great contributions to national economic and social development through the development and utilization of rich geological data. In recent years, by redeveloping and utilizing more than 65,438,000 drilling data, the Annual Petroleum Administration Bureau has expanded the oil reserves by 200 million tons and saved the exploration cost by 3 billion yuan for the country. It can be said that the value or potential value of geological data is much greater than the value of the same amount of gold (Yao Huajun, 2007). Geological data products have the following characteristics:

Figure 3-3 Classification of Geological Data by Data Expression Form

(1) State-owned and public. The funds for the production of geological data mainly come from three aspects, namely: the central financial input, including the accumulated investment over the years, the special funds for the annual compensation of mineral resources and the special funds for the price of exploration and mining rights; Investment by local governments, funds invested by local governments in regional geological surveys and mineral surveys in the region since the localization of the central geological prospecting units, and state investment in supporting geological work. Enterprise investment, including investment by domestic and foreign mining enterprises, investment by exploration enterprises engaged in geological work, and investment by construction units in basic geological survey of built-up areas. At present, most of the geological data kept by geological data archives management departments at all levels are invested by the central government. The capital investment comes from the public expenditure of the state public finance, and the financial funds are mainly realized by paying taxes to the public. The particularity of this achievement determines the ownership of data, that is, the ownership of geological data belongs to the state.

(2) Information products, information and objects. Various geological data carry rich mineral, hydrological, environmental, geophysical and geochemical information. These products are partly formed by the state financial investment, which belong to public welfare products and can be obtained without paying (excluding the cost of reproduction); Commercial achievements formed by individual investment can be obtained through the transfer of exploration and mining rights. The form of data includes both paper and digital information, as well as samples, samples, optical (thin) films and other physical objects and related materials obtained in exploration, scientific research and other related land and resources production and technical activities and retained in accordance with relevant regulations.

(3) Information products are incomplete. This is a gradual understanding of the decision. The intensity of geological work input and the grasp of the regularity of geological objects make the accuracy and information integrity of geological data objectively limited. Another manifestation of incompleteness is that the original data and physical data are stored in different places, so it is impossible or difficult for readers to obtain comprehensive information.

(4) Quasi-public products. The quasi-public product of geological data shows that it is a crowded public product with potential exclusiveness and a non-competitive product managed by the state. Congestion is caused by the increasing demand for geological data and limited supply in economic and social development. When the number of consumers increases to a certain value ("crowding point"), the marginal cost becomes positive and the utility of the original consumers decreases. On the one hand, the potential exclusivity is manifested in the limited number of products available, and the consumption of A affects the consumption of B; On the other hand, it is the follow-up income of consumption, such as giving priority to applying for exploration and mining rights. Non-competitive performance is that products are produced with public funds, and product management is a public institution designated by the government and should be enjoyed by the whole society.