What are the different customs of Spring Festival in different parts of China?

The Spring Festival of the Zhuang is celebrated for three days from the 30th day of the New Year to the first and second day of the first month of the ****. On New Year's Eve, families kill chickens and ducks, and steam buckwheat, powdered fine pork and barbecued pork. The rice on New Year's Eve should be steamed a lot to symbolize affluence. There should be white chopped chicken on the dinner table, and for families with elderly people, there are also stewed pig's feet and stewed whole chickens. Rice dumplings are an essential food for the Zhuang Spring Festival, but they are not eaten on the 30th night. Zhuang dumplings are more noble food, large one or two years heavy, small only two or three two. In addition to this there is a "Feng Mo", meaning that the oversized dumplings, weighing one, twenty pounds. The flavor of the dumplings is excellent. On the first and second day of the first month of the guests to eat rice dumplings. Spring Festival to be held during the song, playing gyro, dancing, ball games and other cultural and sports activities.

Tibetan New Year

According to Tibetan scholars, in the ancient times, Tibet is not the turn of winter and spring New Year, but the summer New Year, "wheat ripe for the first of the year," "under the snowy mountains, the wheat is yellow, happy New Year came." Now, in the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River, there is a tradition of "Wang Guo" festival before the fall harvest. People wear ancient costumes, riding a horse, along the harvest barley land circle prayer, but also horseback archery, dancing around the bonfire carnival, both entertainment themselves, but also entertainment local protection god. According to legend, this is all ancient Tibet June New Year's Eve legacy.

There is also the New Year in the Tibetan calendar on the first day of October, "wheat harvest for the first of the year". Four hundred kilometers east of Lhasa, snow-capped mountains and virgin forests surrounded by the Gongbu (Linzhi) area, is still the first day of the tenth month of the Tibetan New Year, known as the "Gongbu Losa". Tibetan history records, Gongbu area has a very long history, as early as in the Tubo dynasty before the establishment of the Tibetan primitive religion benzene religion is very prevalent here. The celebration of the New Year in the tenth month of the Tibetan calendar originated in those ancient times.

Around the 13th century AD, when the Sakya dynasty ruled Tibet, Tibetans celebrated the New Year in the first month of the Tibetan calendar. However, farmers often celebrated the New Year earlier, on the first day of December, which was called "Sorang Losar" (Farmer's New Year). The reason is that in the first month of the Tibetan calendar, when spring is in full swing and plowing is in full swing, farmers no longer have the heart to celebrate the New Year.

New Year's Day to wear the most beautiful clothes, wear the most precious jewelry, even if the economic conditions of the poor, but also to prepare a New Year's Eve robe, or one or two rough decorations, the Tibetan language is called 'Saju', i.e., the new clothes. These of course come from the nature of Tibetans to love beauty. But there are also said that the God King Xinzhu Qu Jie, to observe the world's life from the copper mirror, everyone dressed beautifully, he was happy, and then give the world some favor, dressed in rags, he was upset, descending disasters and plagues. Therefore, wearing new clothes on New Year's Day has the meaning of pleasing the God-King.

On the third day of the first month, Lhasa people in groups, out of the noisy and bustling market, to the eastern suburb of the Baobao Mountain and the western suburb of the Medicine King Mountain, inserting sutra flags, hanging colorful streamers, sacrifices to the god of the mountain and the god of the water.

The first five days of the first month of the Tibetan calendar, Lhasa suburbs of farmers to hold a grand open plow ceremony. Farmers dressed in festive attire, strong Pian plough oxen dressed more beautiful, forehead pasted with ghee pattern, horns inserted with red flags and colorful feathers, shoulders draped in colored satin, satin decorated with shells and turquoise, tail tied with colorful ribbons, with "flamboyant" to describe, is not excessive.

Mongolians

The Mongolian people have always respected the color white, so the first month of the lunar calendar is called the "white month", the New Year's Day is called the "White Festival". Mongolian New Year's preparations begin on the twenty-third day of the Lunar New Year. In addition to sweeping, bathing, and arranging yurts, people wear new clothes and horses wear red tassels and new saddles. A whole cow or sheep with a haida is offered to the closest friends and relatives. New Year's Eve to eat "hand-meat" to show that the family reunion. The first morning of the first day of the year to the elders first toast to the New Year's wine, and then to the same generation of wine, friends and relatives to give each other the hatha, congratulations on the New Year's good luck and good luck. The first day of the New Year to the elders must be in the morning.

Bai people

Bai people from New Year's Eve began to worship each other, gifts. After midnight, young men and women compete to be the first to pick water to show their diligence. Early in the morning, the whole family drinks sugar water soaked with rice flowers, wishing for a day sweeter than honey. After breakfast, children are led by adults to their friends' and relatives' homes to pay New Year's greetings to their elders. Dragon lanterns, lion dances and whip beating are indispensable activities of the festival.

Buyi

Buyi people have to prepare poi, rice wine and other festive food before New Year's Eve, and keep vigil on New Year's Eve until dawn. When the rooster crows at dawn, the girls scramble to the river to carry water, and whoever carries back the first load of water first shows that she is the most industrious and the happiest.

Korean

Korean New Year's Eve is a time when the whole family observes the New Year's Eve all night long, and the ancient music of the Gayeqin and the Tubular Jiao brings people into the new year. During the festival, men, women, and children sing and dance, and hold competitions such as the pressurized springboard and tug-of-war. On the evening of the fifteenth day of the first month, a traditional celebration is held in which a few elderly people are chosen to climb the "moon watchers" to be the first to see the bright moon, which implies good health, progress, and all the best for their children and grandchildren. Afterwards, everyone dances around the lighted "moon frame," accompanied by long drums, tubular pipes and suona music.

Daur

The Daur language calls the Spring Festival "Ane". On the morning of New Year's Day, every family cleans the courtyard, and in front of the main door, they make a high stack of debris and animal dung, and in the evening they light up the stacks with light smoke, and a festive atmosphere hangs over the whole place. The old people throw large pieces of meat, buns, dumplings and other food into the fire, blessing people and animals with good health and a good harvest. In the evening, the whole family eats hand-held meat and engages in various activities to celebrate the old and welcome the new. People put incense on the snowy ground on the west side of the house and bow to the west to honor their ancestors. On New Year's Eve, families eat dumplings wrapped in white thread to symbolize longevity. During the Spring Festival, there are field hockey games, masquerades, and games such as listening to books and singing.

The Gaoshan People

The Gaoshan people, dressed in colorful national costumes, gather in groups at the edge of villages to drink wine and sing and dance to the accompaniment of musical instruments in the Spring Festival. Some villages also hold fish-forking competitions and carry out sports activities such as basket ball and pole ball.

Herzhe

Herzhe Spring Festival is the happiest program of the year. On New Year's Eve, every family cooks New Year's dinner, cuts windows and pastes lanterns. On the first day of the New Year, girls, women and children wear new clothes embroidered with cloud borders and go to the homes of their friends and relatives to pay tribute to the New Year. Fish feast is a delicious dish for the Hezhen people to entertain their guests, including the sour and spicy flavor of "Tala Chang" (raw fish), the flavorful and crispy "fried fish hair" and the transparent and bright red salmon roe. Skiing, shooting at straw targets, and pitching straw balls are recreational activities that fascinate the youth of the Hezhen ethnic group.

Lahu

The Lahu celebrate the Big New Year from the first to the fourth day of the first month, and the Small New Year from the ninth to the eleventh day of the first month. On the night of the 30th day of the Lahu month, pigs are killed, glutinous rice poi is pounded, and each family makes a pair of large poi to symbolize the stars, which indicates good weather and abundant harvests in the new year. The Lahu also have the custom of gathering together to observe the New Year.

The Manchu

The Manchus celebrate the Spring Festival with window decals, couplets and the word "God". On New Year's Eve, the whole family wraps dumplings, and the dumplings should be pleated, so they can't be pinched with the "monk's head" dumplings, for fear that the days will be "bald". Dumplings should be coded into horizontal and vertical rows to symbolize the new year's wealth in all directions, dumplings can not be arranged in a circle, fear that the days have no doorway.

She

The She ethnic group pounds mochi for the Chinese New Year, taking the sound of the mochi as a symbol of good luck in the new year, and wishing that the mochi will be sticky and sweet day after day. The She people worship their ancestor, Pangu, and on the first day of the Lunar New Year, the whole family bows to Pangu Zutu (a picture painted according to the legend of Pangu) and tells the story of the hardships of their ancestor's business.

The Tujia

The Tujia celebrate the Spring Festival with a dance. In the past, when dancing the dance of swinging hands, we should first hang three cages of tents in the "swinging hands hall", and inside the tents hang the pig's head, pork, incense and wild boar's head, hooves, etc., and then by wearing red vestments and wearing a crown of old Tuji holding a magic weapon, with the off-swinging and shouting, men and women, young and old people to participate in the worship of the gods, and then dance. Now the Tujia in addition to dance swinging hands, but also to play dragon lanterns, playing lion, performing theater and martial arts.

Wa

The Wa congratulate each other on the first day of the Lunar New Year, and especially pay homage to the elders of the village. When paying homage, both sides give each other bananas, glutinous rice poi and sugar cane to symbolize unity and harmony. The Wa men and women in Cangyuan and other places gather in the square to dance in circles on festival evenings, while the elderly women wear long skirts and dozens of people are in a team, with their hands on the shoulders of the previous person, singing ancient songs while moving their dance steps lightly.

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China is a multi-ethnic country with 55 ethnic minorities in addition to the Han Chinese. Although they have different languages, scripts, lifestyles and customs, most of them celebrate the Spring Festival as a major festival for their ethnic groups. Daur: the year high Daur people in the north have the habit of New Year's Eve, the Spring Festival, people dressed in festive attire, visit each family, congratulate each other. Each family is equipped with steamed cake, the New Year's visitors into the door, the host with steamed cake hospitality. "Cake" in Chinese and "high" resonance, to cake hospitality, said each other in the new year, the standard of living further improved. During the festival, the Daur people also held songs and dances, sports activities, has lasted half a month. Mongolia: meat and wine not all the Mongolian people in the north of the Spring Festival is another scene, before the festival, every household is prepared for the year growth of the ram and a variety of dairy products and a few altars of wine. On New Year's Eve, people put on beautiful Mongolian robes and sit in the center of the yurt to welcome the new year. Midnight began to drink and eat, according to the usual to eat and drink, the more meat and wine left over the better, so that the symbol of the new year of meat and wine, eat and drink no worries. The first morning, dressed in a variety of clothing, men and women, straddling the steed, in groups of three to five run to the "Haut" (villages and towns), string of yurts one by one. When stringing yurts, the first thing to do is to bow to the elders and wish them well, then the son-in-law of the host family toasts the guests who come to string the yurts, and people sing and dance. Zhuang: Welcoming the Heroes The Zhuang, who live in southern China, call the Spring Festival "New Year's Day". On this day, people go out and congratulate each other no matter who they meet, believing that this is the only way to have good luck in a year. The Zhuang people also have the custom of celebrating the Late New Year, which is called "Eat Lip Festival". "Eat Li Festival" is on the 30th of this month, according to legend, more than 100 years ago, a peasant army of the Zhuang people in the fight against foreign invaders returned in triumph after the Spring Festival has passed, the Zhuang people in order to welcome them, on the 30th of the month for them to re-live the Spring Festival. Buyei: girls rush to pick the first load of water The Buyei, who live on China's southwestern border, keep watch all night on New Year's Eve every year. As soon as the day dawns, the girls compete to go outside the house to pick water, who picks back the first load of water, who is the most diligent girl. The Jingpo people there like to hold target shooting activities before the Spring Festival, and the girls are the organizers and referees of this activity. They hang embroidered purses on bamboo poles with threads and swing them from side to side in the tips of trees, asking young men to shoot. Whoever shoots down the purse first, the girls give the wine as a prize. The purse usually contains a coin, a few grains of grain and a few decorative beads as a symbol of happiness. Hani: Swinging A few days before the Spring Festival, the villages inhabited by the Hani people are already bustling with activity, and the women are busy pounding Ba Ba. Ba Ba is a cake made of glutinous rice. The young men, on the other hand, are busy going up the mountain to cut bamboo and prepare to set up swings. The swings there are more than ten meters high, and the Hani people, young and old, love to swing. During the festival, everyone wears their favorite clothes to swing, showing a lively and harmonious festival scene everywhere. Dai: Throwing chaff bag Dai young men and women love to throw chaff bag game, during the Spring Festival, young men and girls throw each other chaff bag, to see who threw accurate, to see who caught. Play to a certain time, the girls will quietly snatch the young man's body to wear a belt knife, head cloth or tethered horse, ran home. If the young man is in love, he will follow. Parents see their daughters with a head cloth, holding a horse back, they will host a feast. In addition, April 13 every year is the Dai New Year, but also the Dai people's grandest festival - Water Splashing Festival, they see the splashing of water as a symbol to drive away evil spirits, good luck and good fortune, but also regard this day as the most beautiful, most auspicious day. Alpine People: "Around the Furnace" The Alpine people living in Taiwan Province of China have a different kind of fun when they celebrate the Spring Festival. On the evening of New Year's Eve, families sit around a round table with hot pots and have a meal, which is called a "hibachi". The women, who usually do not drink alcohol, will also take a symbolic sip of wine as a sign of good luck. "Vegetables are eaten without being cut with a knife, but are washed and boiled with their roots, as a sign of wishing long life to the parents. If someone is out of the family, there should be an empty seat, the person's clothes on the empty seat, that the whole family misses him. Manchu: hanging the flag for the New Year Manchu divided into "red, yellow, blue, white" four flags. Spring Festival, the red flag people in the door posted red hanging flag, yellow flag people in the door posted yellow hanging flag, blue flag people in the door posted blue hanging flag, white flag people in the door posted white hanging flag. These hanging flags have beautiful patterns and bright colors, symbolizing an auspicious start to the year. During the festival, the boys ganged up to set off firecrackers, or ride a variety of homemade wooden plows, in the hillock, the ice whooshing speed. Teenage girls and young daughters-in-law, dressed in newly made flowery clothes, play galaha (the knee bone of a pig or a cow) in groups of three or five, in separate families. From the first to the fifth night, people also voluntarily organized to twist rice-planting songs to pay homage to the New Year, a strong rice-planting team, not only in the village to twist, but also to the outside village to twist. Onlookers are often so happy that they forget about fatigue and cold. There are even enthusiastic viewers - straight tail with the rice-planting team to the countryside, until the dawn before returning. Bai people: "put high up" Yunnan Bai compatriots on New Year's Eve, there is a called "put high up" celebrations. The so-called "put high rise" is to use the whole big bamboo, in the bamboo joints loaded with gunpowder, after ignition can be the whole big bamboo collapsed into the sky hundreds of feet, to become a veritable "high rise". Some areas of the Bai compatriots and Miao, Zhuang, from the Spring Festival to the Lantern Festival, young men and women are "throwing the embroidered ball" activities. Where the embroidered ball can not catch, to give each other souvenirs, many times lost the ball and redemption of souvenirs, is to indicate acceptance of each other's love. Dong: Lusheng Club The Dong compatriots in Guizhou and Hunan prevailed a kind of mass activity of "playing Dong Nian Nian" (also called Lusheng Club) during the Spring Festival. This activity is similar to the Han Chinese "reunion worship", only more joyful and enthusiastic than "reunion worship". This kind of activity is generally organized by two villages **** with the agreement. The two teams officially hold a Lusheng song and dance competition in the square. At this time, the audience from the two villages will dance to the music and enjoy themselves to the fullest. Yi: jumping tiger in Yunnan Province, Shuangbai County, wheat punch of the Yi people have a New Year's "jumping tiger festival" special customs, the eighth day of the first month, the village adult men set in the village behind the land temple site, kill chickens to offer "Misi" ("Mimi" meaning earth, "Mimi"). The village's adult men gathered at the site of the land temple behind the village on the eighth day of the first month, killed chickens to offer "Mishi" ("Mimi" means earth, "Si" means master, and "Mishi" means the god of the earth), followed by the village's "Bimo" sacrificing to the lord of the earth and inviting the tiger god. 8 villagers disguised as tigers danced, and the tigers Eight villagers disguised as tigers danced, "tigers" with high ears, thick tails, tiger stripes all over their bodies, a Chinese character "Wang" painted on their foreheads, and a big brass bell hanging on their necks, making them look majestic. After the "Bima" reads out the sacrificial speech to invite the tiger god, the tiger king leads all the tigers into the village. Throughout the jumping tiger festival period, the whole village up and down men, women and children are immersed in the welcome tiger, send the tiger, watch the tiger jumping and drive away the evil spirits and monsters in a joyful atmosphere, the local people are convinced that only through the annual tradition of jumping tiger, tiger god and pray for the blessing of the old ancestors, all the villagers in order to have a good harvest, the people are thriving, and the year is more than one year more beautiful and happy. Sani: food dumplings New Year's Eve, the Sani language is called "Si Rub period". New Year's Eve for ancestors, eat New Year's dinner, is very solemn. In the afternoon, in front of the door of the family inserted a green branch, hanging a straw hat on the branch. This is a silent notice: Do not enter! No talking! Even the people in the house are not allowed to talk loudly. There is an interesting phenomenon in the Sani language: "dumplings" and "New Year's Eve" are the same word, called "kuozhima". Because the New Year must eat dumplings. For half a month from the first day of the first month of the lunar year, people have a lot of fun. On the first night of the first month, a bonfire party is held, with folk songs and a three-stringed hu solo, which is simple and lyrical. The thumping and thumping of the big sanxian strings is soaring and exciting, and people sing and dance to the music. On the second day of the Spring Festival, the mountain gods are sacrificed, and on the fourth day of the Spring Festival, Mars is sent to expel disasters and show the power of people. Every year, the second day of Spring Festival in the afternoon, the farmers to take the cow out, around the walled city center to walk around a few times, in its forehead to wear red cloth tied flowers, said to its contribution to the year's respect. Also feed it rice and fat pork, to express their close partners of the consolation. Sani people from New Year's Eve to the fifth day of the month, there are activities to worship ancestors. From their veneration and remembrance of ancestors, the cohesion of this nation and the good things in traditional morality can be found.