The most powerful person in China ancient painting circle.

Huang Quan (about 903-965), a court painter of the Five Dynasties Xishu Painting Academy, painted birds with straight shapes, flesh and blood, full images, rich colors, fine lines and almost no handwriting, which seemed to be dyed in light colors, and was called "sketching". Also known as "Huang Xu" with Xu Xi in the south of the Yangtze River, it formed two schools of flower-and-bird painting in the Five Dynasties and the early Song Dynasty.

Huang Quan painted many rare birds and flowers in the palace and wrote many pavilions and waterfowl. Therefore, there is a proverb "Huang Jiafu, Xu Xiye", which has a great influence on later flower-and-bird paintings. Because of the rich painting styles of Huang Quan and his son, such as Jubao, Jucai, younger brother Wei Liang, etc., it became the standard for the Hanlin Painting Academy in the early Northern Song Dynasty, which was called "courtyard style".

2. After the Five Dynasties, the Shu Emperor lived and collected.

Huang Jucai (after 933-993) was the son of Huang Quan, a famous painter in Five Dynasties and Ten Countries. Good at painting flowers, birds and landscapes. The painting skills of Huang Quan and his son became the standard to evaluate the painting quality in the early Northern Song Dynasty.

After the Five Dynasties, Taohuawu in central Sichuan collected mountain birds and spiny finches, which were collected in the National Palace Museum in Taipei.

The scenery in this picture is dynamic and static, and it is well coordinated. Just like a partridge jumping on a rock and stretching its neck to drink a stream, it is very vivid. Another sparrow is flying, singing or looking down, which is the moving side; The two clumps of weeds, Phyllostachys pubescens, Pteris pteridoptera and close-range weeds, some face to the left and some face to the right, showing a stretched posture when there is no wind, giving people a sense of calm and tranquility.

On the big rock below, the woodchuck's body spans almost the whole frame from the tip of its beak to its tail. The background is a huge rocky slope with sparrows, thorns and ferns, which fills the whole picture. The center of gravity of the painting is in the middle of the frame, which forms the composition method of landscape painting in the Northern Song Dynasty close to the central axis. The layout with pattern meaning has decorative effect, which indicates that the author intends to present the Gu Zhuo and gorgeous heritage of flower-and-bird painting in Tang Dynasty.

After the Five Dynasties, Huang Ju in central Sichuan collected flowers and birds.

After the Five Dynasties, Shu will return to the soil.

3. Xu Xi in the Southern Tang Dynasty in the Five Dynasties

Xu Xi was a painter in the Southern Tang Dynasty during the Five Dynasties. He is good at drawing flowers, wild bamboos, waterfowl, fish, insects, vegetables and other rivers and lakes, and has created the "ink dropping" method, which has changed the method of drawing colors with meticulous brushwork. Master Xie's splash-ink landscape originated from the "splash-ink" method

Because he disdained to step into the official career, he was put out of the painting academy all his life, so later people called him "Chu Shi in the south of the Yangtze River" or "Cloth in the south of the Yangtze River".

Five Dynasties Xu Xi Yutang, National Palace Museum in Taipei, Fu Guitu.

"Jade Hall is rich" is a vertical painting, with peony, magnolia and begonia covered with the whole picture, and there are two azaleas among the flowers. At the bottom of the picture, a wild bird with gorgeous feathers is painted by the lake stone.

Draw the branches and leaves and flowers and birds with an ink pen first, and then color them. Magnolia, peony and begonia are elegant in white and charming in powder, which are more dignified and beautiful against the azurite ground. This painting method of full paper without leaving gaps is obviously influenced by Buddhist art.

4. Cui Bai in the Northern Song Dynasty.

Cui Bai was a painter in the Northern Song Dynasty. He is good at drawing flowers and birds, especially geese in autumn. He pays attention to sketching, is good at sketching and coloring, has a clear system, strong handwriting as iron wire and elegant colors. Don't create an elegant style, which has changed the rich and fine painting style of the yellow father and son that has been popular in the painting academy since the early Song Dynasty.

Song Cuibai's "Double Happiness Map" in the National Palace Museum in Taipei

This picture depicts autumn scenery, with grass, trees and rocks, with vivid layout, while the autumn wind is rustling, bamboo trees are shaking, mountains and grass are invincible and the wind is very strong. The whole picture is poetic and colorful. It's really a "ode to the west wind". However, the essence of the body and the movement of the pen, just as Huang Tingjian called Cui's paintings "stealing the machine", are so natural and interesting that they were written carelessly and naturally superior.

Cui Bai rooster was proud in the Northern Song Dynasty.

The work depicts a group of sparrows sleeping on an ancient tree at dusk in winter. The author divides the birds into three parts in composition: the three birds on the left have rested and are in a static state; The two finches on the right start late and are in a dynamic state; The four birds in the middle, as the center of gravity of this painting, echo up and down, left and right, and connect in series, from dynamic to static, one integrated mass. The agility of birds is manifested in backward, pitching, forward, stretching, flying and singing.

The tree trunk is particularly muddy, cold and wild against the light-boned birds. The brush strokes on the trunk of this picture are very heavy, such as baked, dyed, hooked and notched, which are completely indistinguishable. The modeling is pure ink, but the strokes are hard to find. Although the ochre used in the painting has faded, it has not damaged its spirit at all, and its wildness is beyond the slightest trace, which has the characteristics of imitating Xu Xi's pen.

Cui Baiqiu Pu Rongbin Taipei Palace Museum in Northern Song Dynasty

Cui Bai Killing Pigs in Northern Song Dynasty Collected by Metropolitan Museum of Art.

5. Evonne, Song Huizong

Evonne is an artist emperor. He can be called an emperor who loves painters rather than rivers and mountains. His artistic attainments are profound, and he is meticulous in playing the piano, painting and calligraphy, singing and writing.

Song Huizong Evonne Lotus Golden Rooster Map is now in the Palace Museum.

"Lotus Golden Rooster Picture" is a masterpiece of China's classic paintings, with different styles and wonderful brushwork.

With his unique artistic talent and exquisite painting skills, the author of Lotus and Golden Rooster has achieved a perfect unity of the two elements of China's traditional painting techniques, vividly conveyed the spiritual characteristics of the depicted object with a unique style, and reached a highly mature artistic realm, making his works vivid and enduring.

Five-color parrot map of Evonne, Song Huizong

Song Huizong Evonne Chimonanthus praecox map page

Plum blossom embroidery in Evonne, Song Huizong

6. Frontier inscriptions in the early Ming Dynasty

Bian Jingzhao (about1356-about 1428) was an important court flower and bird painter in the early Ming Dynasty. His painting style continues the meticulous tradition of the Yellow School in the Northern Song Dynasty, and combines the meticulous painting of the Southern Song Dynasty.

Distinguish the three friends of Jinwen and Baiqin map

Bian's "Three Friends and Hundred Birds" can best reflect his painting characteristics. Nearly a hundred birds in the painting are all different species, and all of them can find the prototype of real birds, and biologists can name them one by one.

All birds have their own postures, flying and flying, standing and rising, jumping and jumping, showing or hiding, or farsightedness, or turning to visit, pecking or barking, or grooming feathers, or chasing and fighting, without repetition, unless they have high observation ability and superb skills, they can't do it.

The painting method of flowers and birds with three friends not only inherits the tradition of the Southern Song Dynasty, but also catches up with the painting method of the Five Dynasties. Color the sketch after you draw it, and then tick it. The color ink is thicker than the yellow, but it is more elegant than the Southern Song Dynasty, from which we can see the breath of the Ming Dynasty and the style of Bian himself.

Distinguishing four Xi pictures of inscriptions on bronze inscriptions in the National Palace Museum in Taipei

Distinguish between Jin Wen Zhu Hua Qin Ju Shanghai Museum

Double cranes with inscriptions on bamboo slips of Ming Dynasty in Beijing Palace Museum

7. Lv Ji in Ming Dynasty

Lv Ji in Ming Dynasty (active in 1439- 1505) is famous for its flower-and-bird paintings, which are colorful and full of vitality, and are called the first flower-and-bird paintings in Ming Dynasty.

Lv Ji's painting style can be divided into two categories, one is mainly ink and wash, and the other is rich in color, harmonious in use and interesting in court decoration.

The Peacock with Apricot Blossoms in Lv Ji in the Ming Dynasty is in the National Palace Museum.

In the painting, a pair of peacocks with different postures surround an elegant apricot tree circle, surrounded by blooming red and white peony and sparrows jumping on the treetops. The picture is gorgeous, the color is meticulous, and the whole presents an elegant and lively scene. Apricot blossoms are the symbol of spring, peacocks and peonies mean wealth, while the homophony of "sparrow" and "Jue" implies the status of senior officials, adding auspicious meaning to the original gorgeous performance.

The autumn waters of Lv Ji in the Ming Dynasty are collected in the National Palace Museum.

On a foggy autumn night, the moon is half suspended. Hibiscus and Phragmites inhabit four bean geese on the slope. Three of them have fallen asleep, and a pair of moons are ringing.

The brushwork of flowers and birds in painting is delicate and not rigid, while painting slopes is freehand. It not only shows the habit of vigil when geese inhabit at night, but also draws the sadness of autumn night, expressing their feelings by time and scenery. This is a masterpiece, which shows the combination of Lv Ji's work and writing and his mastery of the situation and atmosphere.

Lu Ming chicken feather chicken map

The autumn waters of Lv Ji in the Ming Dynasty are collected in the National Palace Museum.

Xiao Shuxue's scenery is like ink. Crowds of birds are afraid of the cold, and most of them have fallen asleep. Frozen birds and cold pigeons perched on rotten willows. The author fully grasps the atmosphere of the real situation and embodies the chill in winter. The color of pen and ink shows strong Lv Ji flavor, but it is more concise. Compared with other works, it adds a layer of quaint interest.

8. Badashan people

Badashanren's flower-and-bird painting inherited the tradition of Chen Chun and Xu Wei's freehand flower-and-bird painting and developed into a freehand brushwork.

It is characterized by exaggerating the painted flowers, birds, fish and insects by symbolic means. With its peculiar image and simple modeling, the painting has a prominent image and a distinct theme, and even the eyes of birds and fish are painted as "white eyes to people" to show their arrogant and cynical character, thus creating an unprecedented flower-and-bird modeling.

At the end of Ming and the beginning of Qing Dynasty, Lushun Museum collected the "Water Birds with Stones by Badashan People".

Double Goose in Badashan Renyetang in the Late Ming and Early Qing Dynasties

Badashanren, a giant stone eagle in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties

9. Qing Lang Shining

Lang Shining (1688- 1766), an Italian, was a court painter in Qing dynasty. He worked in Kang, Yong and Gan dynasties and was engaged in China painting for more than 50 years. He is an all-round artist with all-round skills in figures, portraits, animals, flowers and birds, and landscapes.

Lang Shining's "Golden Spring Map" in Qing Dynasty is collected in the National Palace Museum.

Qing Lang Shining Xiane Changchun Atlas

10, all

Shen Quan (1682—— about 1760) was a painter in Qing Dynasty. Shen Quan is good at flowers and feathers, and she is also good at ladies. His flower-and-bird paintings are far from "Huang Jia Fu Gui", but learn from Lv Ji. They stand out from the courtyard of the Ming Dynasty, with delicate brushwork, elegant colors, vivid images and lifelike images, reaching the realm of "colorful" that ordinary painters can't reach.