It is said that people have five sexes. How do I know who I am?

Are there only two sexes in human beings? In fact, our gender concept needs to be updated.

There are two kinds of chromosomes in human body, namely X chromosome and Y chromosome. The sex chromosomes of men and women are different: the two sex chromosomes of men are xy; The woman's is XX.

If someone thinks that he is a woman, looks like a woman, acts like a woman, and has female external reproductive organs, but there are no XX chromosomes and ovaries in his body, but there are XY chromosomes and internal testicles, then is this person a man or a woman?

Since 1968, the International Olympic Committee has tested the chromosomes of all participating female athletes to see if they have Y chromosomes but participated in women's competitions.

According to statistics, in every competition, 1 person in every 400 female athletes contains Y chromosome. The International Olympic Committee stopped chromosome examination on 1999, because geneticists and doctors have been arguing about this issue for many years, and they think that having XY chromosomes at the same time is not equal to men.

At present, it is generally believed that men have XY chromosome, androgen, vas deferens and penis; Women have XX chromosome, uterus, estrogen, fallopian tube, breast and vagina. But this is not absolutely correct.

1993, Anne Fausto-Sterling, a medical professor and geneticist at Brown University in the United States, proposed that human beings have at least five or more sexes.

She proposed five genders: male, male bias (type II), bisexual (type III), female bias (type I) and female. Dr Anne pointed out that "gender is a huge unity, and it has infinite extensibility."

Human's "otherness"

Feminine type (type I): if parents only make an X.

Turner syndrome, or type I intersexuality ("female hermaphroditism"), occurs when chromosomes are passed on to embryos. Because these people have only one X chromosome and no Y chromosome, they have feminine characteristics and live like women. They are short, have no Adam's apple, have little menstruation, have hypoplasia of ovaries, have no body hair, have hypoplasia of external sexual organs, and some people even have no breasts.

This type of people all have XX chromosomes, ovaries and fallopian tubes, and doctors usually turn their external sexual organs into female organs through surgery. These people are usually brought up as girls, and most of them can become real women with outside help.

Male bias (type ⅱ): If a normal male chromosome has an extra X chromosome, it will lead to Creutzfeldt-Jakob syndrome. Because these people carry both male and female chromosomes, they have male internal reproductive organs and external reproductive organs, but the testicles and penis are not there.

Puberty is fully developed and is called type II intersexuality ("hermaphroditism").

There are many reasons, generally speaking, it is caused by the defects of male embryos, and this defect is mainly caused by the defects in androgen synthesis and androgen reception.

Type ⅱ intersexuality has a unique form, which is called "androgen insensitivity syndrome" or "feminization of external genitalia". According to statistics, the incidence of this disease is about 1/2000 ~ 1/65000.

These patients have XY chromosomes and testes that produce androgens, but because of their genetic defects or mutations, they can't respond to androgens and can't receive them. Therefore, the uterus and female fallopian tubes were finally produced, and a short and small vagina was developed.

Although from the appearance, this kind of patients are completely like women, but there is no pubic hair in adolescence, and they can't produce menstruation, so they are raised as women. Doctors usually remove their inner testicles by surgery to prolong their vaginas so that they can have a normal sex life.

Androgyny (type III): Type III hermaphroditism is the rarest and is called "true hermaphroditism". The main feature of this kind of person is that he has two sets of gonads, both testis and ovary.

Some gonads are partly ovaries and partly testes, which are called ovum testis; Some people have one gonad that is an egg testis, and the other is an ovary or testis. Some people have both ovaries and testicles.

According to statistics, about 40% of bisexuals have testicles on one side and ovaries on the other; In addition, about 40% of bisexuals have testicles or ovaries on one side and ovulatory testicles on the other; About 20% of the remaining bisexual people have ovules and testicles on both sides, so they are truly neutral.

According to the karyotype of chromosome, hermaphroditism is also divided into male and female. The sex chromosome of male hermaphroditism is XY. This kind of person's appearance is mostly male, but there are two sets of external genitalia, both male and female. Generally, one side of the gonad has testicles and the other side has ovaries.

The sex chromosome of female hermaphroditism is XX, and the second sex characteristic is mostly female, such as breast development. Most of these people have ovaries on one side and testicles on the other, and the fallopian tubes and uterus are developing normally. Although there are external genitalia, 25% of bisexual women can produce sperm. About 50% men and 50% women. There is no very reasonable explanation about the reasons for the formation of bisexuals.

Just compare your own characteristics.