Chinese Honey Bee Breeding Technology

The Chinese honeybee, also known as the Chinese bee, Chinese bee, native bee, is a subspecies of the Oriental honeybee, is China's unique species of honeybee, is the main pollinator of forest communities and traditional agriculture, with the use of sporadic nectar plants, strong collection force, high utilization rate, long nectar harvesting period, and adaptability, mite resistance and resistance to disease, consume less feed, such as the Italian bees can not be compared to the advantages of the Italian honeybee, is very suitable for the China It is very suitable for fixed-point rearing in mountainous areas of China.

Management of strong swarming

1. Selection of queen: It is preferable to choose a queen with a score of 70 points or more than the second level or above. The queen should be replaced in spring or winter, and the queen should be replaced once or twice a year to keep the colony strong.

2. Double queen group and double box rearing: advocate double queen group and double box rearing. The use of Lang's ten-frame box or Lang's twelve-frame box (80mm larger than the ten-frame box), with a frame-type king board will be the box of empty space into two chambers, each room to raise a swarm of hive door can be opened in the front of the box, the use of two frame-type king board will be limited to the queen of bees in the side wall to 1 to 2 frames of spawning, the box center for storage of honey; or the use of the prisoner king cage buckle a queen of bees, a frame-type board will be limited to the queen of the other queen of bees to spawn sideways in the 1-2 frames, and other parts of the box for the storage of honey! The other parts of the box are for honey storage. The standard box of ten frames for Chinese bees or FWF-type Chinese beehives is used, and the box is spaced into two rooms with a frame-type queen partition board, with one swarm in each room, and the hive doors are opened in the front of the box, so that the two queens are usually kept in a flat box, and the successor box can be stacked up to take honey during the nectar flow period. When adding a relay box, 3-4 frames of cover spleens or large larval spleens should be extracted from the hive box and placed on one side of the relay box, with a partition board, and empty spleens should be added to the hive spleens, and a queen board should be added between the hive box or the relay box, so that the queen bee can lay her eggs inside the hive box, or no queen board should be added to allow the queen bee to lay her eggs inside the whole box. During the honey laying period, a queen board should be added between the hive box and the relay box.

3, to maintain adequate feed in the group: when the lack of external pollen, and no storage in the group, should be used to sterilize the pollen spleen feeding, or pollen substitutes made of pollen cake placed on the frame beam feeding; the lack of honey, with a feeder placed in the beehive hive honey feeding. Feeding at night and the amount of each feeding should be available for the bee colony to eat 2 ~ 3d is appropriate.

Management of breeding period

1, breeding period: generally divided into spring, summer and fall breeding period, breeding period should pay attention to heat preservation, the supply of adequate feed, timely expansion of the swarm swarming potential, artificial queen rearing, double queen rearing in the same box, control of pests and diseases.

2, artificial queen rearing: select more than 5 frames of bee colony, use the king board to divide the colony into queen rearing area and reproduction area, the queen bee stays in the reproduction area; put pollen and larvae spleen in the queen rearing area, the queen rearing area accounts for 2/3 of the original hive spleen, or the queen rearing group of the queen bee is temporarily put out to be the king of the platform is accepted and then put back. Narrow queen-rearing frames with an inner diameter of 200-250mm and a height of 200-220mm are used, on which an artificial king platform with a diameter of 8mm and a depth of 11mm is mounted, with a distance of 9mm-10mm between the platforms. 15-20 larvae within 24h are moved into each frame, which are then placed into the queen-rearing area immediately after moving them in; on the following day, the frames are brought up again and the larvae within the platforms are taken out, and then larvae with 18h-24h of age are moved into the queen cluster, so that they are nurtured. Then transfer 18h～24h larvae from the mother colony and raise them into queen bees.

3. Organize a crossover swarm: choose a good breed that is not related to the mother colony or introduced from abroad, and cultivate male bees 20d before the artificial queen rearing; 10d after the queen rearing compound transfer, put forward 1~2 frames of capped spleens that have a lot of nectar from the strong colony, and put it into a high-quality queen table with bees (be careful not to squeeze or invert) to form a crossover swarm. After the queen is lost, put in another mature queen, if lost twice, the swarms should be merged.

4. Raising of bees after artificial separation: draw out a frame of capped spleen, a frame of pollen spleen and a frame of larvae spleen from the original swarm and put them into the next board, open the side hive door to put a mature queenship, and form a new swarm after the success of new queens. When the swarm develops to 5 spleens, it should be changed to single box rearing; during the honey flow period or when the temperature is above 25℃, it should be changed to single box rearing.

Management of the summer stage

1, summer preparation: the end of July to the end of August, the lack of field pollen sources, persistent high temperatures, this period for the summer period. Before the summer should be merged with the weak group of less than 2 frames, each group should be adjusted to 4 to 5 frames of the group potential, remove the nesting insects in the box or on the nesting spleen, there should be 1 to 2 frames of the group to cover the honey spleen.

2, cooling management: the beehive should be moved to the shade of the tree or under the eaves, or build a pergola shade, high temperatures at noon can be sprinkled around the beehive to cool down, open the ventilation window and expand the hive door, in order to facilitate the cooling of the swarm. When the temperature exceeds 35 ℃, feed water to the bee colony and sprinkle water outside the box to cool down the bee colony.

3. Inspection: Observation outside the box should be the main focus in hot weather to prevent the swarm from flying away. If you find that the worker bees have less attendance, you should choose to open the box in the evening for inspection, so as to improve the conditions inside the box in time.

4, natural enemy prevention and control: In summer, when the temperature is high, the beehive should be elevated to prevent toads and ants from harming the bee colony, and often catch and fight the hornets and other natural enemies.

5. Post-summer inspection: In early September, when sporadic nectar sources appear in the field and the swarms begin to reproduce, a comprehensive inspection should be carried out in time to adjust the swarms, remove hive bugs, merge the weak swarms and carry out prize feeding.

Management of bee colonies in the overwintering stage

1. During the last honey flow period, reserve capped honey spleens for bee colonies. Combine swarms to replace aging queens with poor egg-laying ability.

2. Toward the end of the last honey flow, replenish small and medium-sized colonies with bees from strong colonies and capped spleens, and at the same time withdraw the excess spleens from the colonies to keep the spleens proportionate or with slightly more bees than spleens.

3. Maintain sufficient egg-laying space and pollen feed in the hive and reward feeding.

4, overwintering choose high terrain, dry, sheltered from the wind, quiet, half-shade, half-sun under the deciduous trees placed under the bee colony, mid- and late-stage woods after the leaves fall, so that the bee colony has enough light. In the early stage of wintering, just add insulation on the secondary cover. In the middle and late stages of overwintering, carry out heat preservation in the hive. When the temperature drops below 0 ℃ in winter, the bee colony stops feeding larvae, the bee colony is grouped together and stops collecting activities, and take heat preservation measures such as wrapping the hive and leaving the door of the hive open.

5, wintering swarm management. Frequent observation outside the box, timely detection and treatment of abnormal conditions of the swarm wintering. Listening to the swarm at the hive door with a slight "buzzing" sound or knocking on the wall of the box to make a "buzzing" sound, and immediately quiet down, is normal. If you find worker bees shaking their wings at the door of the hive and the sound inside the box is chaotic, it indicates that the bees may have lost the king, so you should open the box at noon when it is warm and sunny to inspect the bees, and if the bees have lost the king, you should lure them into the reserve king or merge them into other swarms. If you find noisy and disturbed swarms, dead bees with broken heads and missing wings from the hive, and broken pieces of the spleen, you may have insect pests, so you should kill them in time and look for ways to plug the learning loopholes. If the swarm is found to be disturbed and restless outside the box, it may be due to lack of water or nectar. If the bee group scattered, indicating a lack of honey, should be added to the honey spleen; if the honey crystallized from the hive door, you can feed 0.2% saline water at the hive door.