How did Zhuang Opera develop?

Zhuang drama, also known as Zhuang drama, is the general name of Zhuang drama. It was developed on the basis of Zhuang folk literature, singing and dancing, and rap art, and was performed during Tongzhi and Guangxu periods in Qing Dynasty. Popular in western Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Funing and Guangnan areas of Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province.

In the development of Zhuang drama, some of them were influenced by Han folk art and drama. Due to the differences in dialect, musical aria, performance style and popular areas, its lyrics and Daobai are written in Zhuang dialect, which is full of national characteristics. Zhuang Opera is divided into Guangxi Southern Zhuang Opera, Northern Zhuang Opera, Brave Drama, Yunnan Funing Zhuang Opera and Guangnan Zhuang Opera.

Numerous dramas constitute Zhuang drama.

Zhuang Opera, also known as Zhuang Opera, Banju Opera, Door Opera, Pingdi Opera and Garden Opera, is the general name of Zhuang Opera. Popular in western Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Funing and Guangnan areas of Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province. Zhuang drama is developed on the basis of Zhuang folk literature, singing and dancing, and rap art.

Zhuang nationality is mainly composed of seven different traditional operas, namely: Dejing Puppet Opera, Mazhuang Ai Opera, Tianlin Zhuang Opera, Funing Zhuang Opera, Guangnan Zhuang Opera and Shigong Opera.

Dejing puppet show is popular in Jingxi and Debao, circus show is popular in Jingxi, Debao and Napo, Tianlin Zhuang Opera is popular in Tianlin, Lingyun, leye county, Baise, Funing Zhuang Opera and Guangnan Zhuang Opera are popular in Longlin Zhuang Opera, Funing County and Wenshan, and Shigong Opera is popular in Wuming, Hechi, Yishan, Laibin and Guixian.

Due to the differences in regional environment, dialects, musical vocals, performance styles, and accompaniment instruments, Zhuang Opera has produced Northern Zhuang Opera, Southern Zhuang Opera and Shigong Opera in Guangxi, as well as Funing Zhuang Opera and Guangnan Zhuang Opera in Yunnan.

Nanlu Zhuang Opera is performed in Nanlu Zhuang language, mainly distributed in Jingxi, Debao, Napo, Tiandeng, Daxin, Tian Yang, Tiandong and other counties. Hokuriku Zhuang Opera is performed in Hokuriku Zhuang language, which is mainly distributed in Tianlin, Xilin, Longlin, Lingyun, leye county, Funing and Nannan counties in Guangxi.

Zhuang Opera consists of seven different operas, so Zhuang Opera has the complexity and diversity that other operas do not have. In this case, the development of Zhuang drama is not developed by the time inheritance of a certain drama, but by the parallel forms of different dramas.

Zhuang drama is developed on the basis of Zhuang folk songs and dances and acrobatics. According to the existing materials, Zhuang Opera had begun to take shape in the early Qing Dynasty, and by the middle of Qing Dynasty, it had its own playwright, script and troupe. Yongzheng period has been relatively mature.

The Beilu Zhuang Opera in Tongzhi and Guangxu Dynasties in Qing Dynasty was first called Bench Opera, which originated from folk songs, choirs and folk arts. Originally, it was a form of sitting singing in Zhuang folk rap. After work, two or three people sit on the bench and sing stories.

During the reign of Emperor Kangxi in Qing Dynasty, the manuscript of Taiping Spring recorded in the Central White Tone was the version of Bench Play. 1765 During the Qianlong period, tianlin county organized the Longcheng class and staged the Pingping storytelling "Farmers", which was the first to organize the Hokuriku Zhuang drama.

Later, in the year of 18 15, a semi-professional Zhuang troupe appeared in the southern Zhuang nationality. At that time, local opera artists had been handed down for seven generations.

Huang Yonggui, the seventh generation monitor, once participated in Nanning Cantonese Opera Club. In the process, he copied more than 60 Cantonese opera scripts. After returning to his hometown, he cooperated with Liao Fallon, the fifth generation monitor, to translate the script into Zhuang language and perform it in the local language. Luoyang Drama Club was also established and became the representative of Hokuriku Zhuang Opera.

According to the story of Zhang Hui's novel "Five Tigers in Pingnan", Huang Yonggui wrote and performed a drama "Get the Wisdom" to praise the national heroes of Zhuang nationality. At most, 64 actors performed on the same stage, which laid the foundation for Hokuriku Zhuang Opera and flourished.

South Road Zhuang Opera was first formed in Qing Dynasty. Huang Xianjiong, a native of Ma 'ai, lived in Nanning in his early years and worked as a cook in Yong Opera Troupe. /kloc-when he returned to his hometown in 0/845, he took Yong Opera back to his hometown and organized a class to perform. This class was called Tuxi. At first, it was sung in Chinese, but because the actors didn't understand Chinese, it was changed to a double-reed performance in which the master sang in the background and the actors performed in the foreground.

Before and after the Revolution of 1911, Lu Nan Zhuang drama gradually developed into a kind of drama that combines singing and doing, and changed to singing local folk songs in Zhuang language, but still kept the habit of raising words backstage. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, it absorbed the popular singing method of Zhuang puppet show and enriched the singing method of Nanlu Zhuang drama.

In Zhuang areas, learning folk opera is called poetic drama, singing poems, strengthening teachers and adjusting teachers. Mainly spread in Hechi, Yishan, Laibin, Guixian, Shanglin, Wuming, Yongning, Liuzhou and Baise, it is a folk opera developed on the basis of the wizard's dance.

The dance of Shigong Opera itself is an action to entertain the gods. Shi Gong is a witch, singing and dancing to entertain the gods, which is called Nuo. At first, Shi Gong wore a red dress and a wooden mask when performing, but later he replaced it with a paper frame. It took 19 1 1 year to remove the mask and start a makeup show.

Yunnan Zhuang Opera includes local opera and sand opera. The former is represented by Funing Zhuang drama, while the latter is represented by Guangnan Zhuang drama. In the past, people called Funing Zhuang Opera and Guangnan Zhuang Opera "local operas".

Tu nationality is a branch of Zhuang nationality. Funing local opera has a history of nearly 300 years. Mainly popular in Funing County, Chengguan, Guichao, Pei 'ai, Na 'ang, Dong Bo, Zhesang, Banlun, Huajia, Gula, Ayong, Langheng and other towns. At its peak, there were more than 100 amateur theatrical troupes. The Zhuang people in Funing call the performance of Zhuang drama "slapping and teasing", which is translated into Chinese as "playing tricks on the Tu people".

Guangnan Zhuang Opera is popular in Guangnan, Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province. It is a branch of Zhuang nationality, where the Sha people live in compact communities. Formerly known as Sha Opera or Sha Opera, it was developed under the influence of Sha people's song and dance on Han Opera, and it was divided into North Road Sha Opera and East Road Sha Opera, both of which were formed in Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty.

The emergence and development of Zhuang drama experienced several ups and downs: a performance club was formed in Qianlong period, and Zhuang drama in Hokuriku reached its peak in Guangxu period, but then declined rapidly. However, due to historical reasons, Zhuang drama was impacted by multi-culture and strong culture, and its survival was once again in crisis.

Zhuang Opera, rooted in the soil of national life, is a unique opera with a long history created by the Zhuang people and a bridge for ethnic cultural exchanges in Southeast Asia. Therefore, the state attaches great importance to the protection of intangible cultural heritage. On May 20th, 2006, Zhuang Opera was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list. Zhuang drama has once again gained a historic opportunity for development.