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Trends in international trade in services in the era of knowledge economy and China's countermeasures

International trade in services is with the progress of science and technology, the adjustment and upgrading of industrial structure, the frequent international cultural exchanges and the development of international investment and the development of the gradual emergence and development of the international trade in services has become a new area of trade competition between the countries and the world's economy a new point of growth. the 21st century has been recognized as the century of knowledge economy, as an important component of the world economy, in the development and role of the knowledge economy. The 21st century is recognized as the century of knowledge economy, as an important part of the world economy, international trade in services, in the development and role of knowledge economy, will undoubtedly undergo unprecedented profound changes. Correctly judging and grasping the development trend of international trade in services under the influence of knowledge economy, and combining the current situation of China's trade in services and the requirements of accession to the WTO to make positive policy adjustments, is an important issue facing us. This paper tries to make a rough discussion on this issue.

The development trend of international trade in services in the era of knowledge-based economy

With the rise and development of knowledge-based economy, the service industry and international trade in services will show the following five major development trends:

1, the industrial structure of the service economy with the industrial economy, compared to the knowledge-based economy, the content of the industry in the industrial content will undergo fundamental changes. The pillar of the industrial economy is the secondary industry, that is, the manufacturing industry, while the knowledge economy era to provide knowledge and information services will become the mainstream of society, the service industry will penetrate into every corner of our lives at an alarming rate, and present an extremely rich and varied form. From the industrial revolution of the last century to the 1960s and 1970s, the richest enterprises have been industrial enterprises. Today, when the knowledge-based economy is taking shape, more and more banks, general trading companies, air, land and sea transportation companies, telephone and telegraph companies, software development companies, etc. have entered the ranks of the world's top 500 companies. At present, the service industry in developed countries has accounted for more than 60% of the gross domestic product (GDP) and employment. Especially in the United States, the output value of the service industry accounts for more than 75% of GDP, providing 80% of the jobs. The status quo of service industry in developed countries predicts the historical direction of the evolution of economic and industrial structure of the world in the era of knowledge economy. And with the further development of economic globalization, the manufacturing industry has also begun to show the trend of "business service".

The reason why the service industry has become the leading industry in the knowledge economy era is that the development of science and technology has greatly facilitated the specialization and refinement of the division of labor, triggering the differentiation of the form of economic organization, thus increasing the demand for services. The pre-production, mid-production and post-production non-core businesses originally undertaken by enterprises are generally outsourced to specialized and efficient service providers. Moreover, with the further development of global economic integration, the competition among enterprises will increasingly focus on the mastery of new knowledge, new information and new skills, who skimp on the purchase of a variety of professional services who may be behind in the new round of competition. The role of these factors greatly increased the social demand for productive services; Secondly, the progress of science and technology leads to increased supply, labor productivity increases, people's free time and the increase in disposable wealth, etc., greatly expanding the consumption of life services in the new areas; Thirdly, the knowledge-based economy in the era of manufacturing and circulation of modern labor tools used in the process of the demand for services to provide higher-quality services, which in turn In turn, it promotes the development and growth of the service industry and strengthens the influence and control of the service industry on the whole economic process; Fourthly, the extensive use of knowledge and information makes the service industry become the main body of the value-added products, and the wealth is more and more concentrated in the service industry; Fifthly, the structural characteristics of the service economy itself are in conformity with the requirements of the knowledge economy era. For example, the information industry, including information products and services, is bound to be at the center of the knowledge economy, and the education industry is bound to become the leading industry of the knowledge economy.

2, the structure of trade in services, technology and knowledge-intensive

In the era of knowledge-based economy, the internal structure of international trade in services has changed, and knowledge-based trade in services will dominate. The so-called knowledge-based services refers to those who use highly skilled personnel, knowledge, technology plays a major role in the social and economic growth trends and trajectories have an important impact on the "high value-added" services. According to the Reference List of Services Sectors drawn up by the secretariat of the former General Agreement on Tariffs (GATT), such services include, broadly speaking, professional services such as legal services, management services, engineering design services and computer-related services; information and data services; and financial services (including bank depository services, services related to the management of financial markets, financial lending, other lending operations, services related to the bond market, and other financial services). financial services (including bank deposit services, services related to the management of financial markets, financial loans, other lending services, and services related to the bond market); and insurance services, such as cargo insurance, non-cargo insurance, reinsurance, and services ancillary to insurance. Although the above types of services differ in different fields, they have the same characteristics, namely, the products provided are knowledge-based, and the core of the transaction is the knowledge embedded in various services. The rapid development of trade in services in recent years has been mainly based on the rapidly growing knowledge-based services industry, which is characterized by high technology. The WTO Millennium Round of negotiations will be the opening up of knowledge-based services as one of the two main issues is to show that countries, especially developed countries to this trend of recognition and grasp.

The reason why knowledge-based service products can become the main trade object, one is information technology to international trade brought about by the "time and space compression effect", greatly enhanced the circulation of knowledge-based service products, so that the knowledge-based service products to become relatively storable, pricing, and easy to easy to trade. The digitalization and coding of the knowledge existence form in the knowledge economy era, the computerization and networkization of the knowledge activity mode have refreshed the relationship between knowledge and industry and economy. Now, low-cost, high-bandwidth communications equipment, digital networks and advanced integrated software systems, etc., are making it difficult or impossible to carry out the original service to become an exchangeable object. For example, at the forefront of the knowledge economy in the United States is now more and more of the so-called "Sunset" software companies, the company's main entity to move to the country with which it does not have business relations, in situ recruitment of staff, its decision makers and senior managers, senior technical development staff in the United States through the network command, 24-hour continuous Software development, and then through electronic means to send software products directly to another country; Secondly, the incremental nature of the remuneration of the knowledge-based service industry to enhance the countries in this field of investment and competition. The famous international consulting firm McKinsey & Company, a study that, by the beginning of the 21st century, the United States of all work, more than 80% will belong to the use of knowledge to serve the work. The development and growth of knowledge-based services, will inevitably require its products in the world to implement free trade, requiring countries to open up their markets.

In addition, the structure of trade in services, "softening" trend in the traditional trade in services will also be clearly reflected. Such as the catering industry is a typical labor-intensive traditional service industry, in the knowledge economy, catering enterprises want to reappear in the past glory, it is necessary to develop high value-added food and beverage products, this high value-added food and beverage products itself is reflected in the knowledge content, but also embodied in the customers to enjoy the food and beverage products at the same time access to the additional services. Recently, the U.S. fast food industry operators Burger King is located in the financial district of New York City Center, a branch of a dedicated line with the Internet connection, to eat hamburger meals for customers to provide Internet access, the use of the charm of the network to attract more and more guests.

3, trade in services to compete in the comparative advantage of information

In the knowledge-based economy and society, knowledge as the most important factor of production, its generation and transmission is mainly through the information industry to complete. Information through the global network to participate in international economic and trade activities in the countries and regions between the flow, will inevitably lead to international trade, especially the development trend of informationization of international trade in services. Under this trend, the content, mode and competitive pattern of international trade in services are bound to undergo fundamental changes. The traditional comparative advantage of developing countries in trade in services will gradually weaken, and the new comparative advantage in information will be a new force in the formation of the division of labor in international trade in services in the knowledge economy era, and become a constituent element of the international competitiveness of trading countries or enterprises. The so-called comparative advantage in information refers to the differences in the production, dissemination, feedback and use of information, as well as the quantity, quality, timeliness and scarcity of information available to a country. It is precisely because the degree of development of information infrastructure and the scale and proportion of information industry will greatly affect the competitive strength and status of a country in international trade and even in the world economy that countries have increased their investment and competition in information infrastructure construction and information service industry in order not to lag behind in the competition in the era of knowledge economy. Since 1993, President Clinton of the United States proposed the construction of the National Information Infrastructure (NII), i.e., the "information superhighway", which has aroused a strong reaction all over the world. At present, Japan, South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, China and so on are planning to implement the "information superhighway program", the European Union is not willing to lag behind. The United States, as the founder of the "information superhighway" concept, is sparing no effort to accelerate the implementation. In order to utilize its own scientific and technological and economic advantages to seek maximum development in the construction of information infrastructure, the U.S. Government announced the implementation of the "Global Information Infrastructure" plan in 1995, calling on all countries to join the plan. At the same time, countries, especially the Western developed countries, set off the world information services trade war, and the more intense.

4, the further liberalization of trade in services policy

Since the 80's, due to the rapid development of trade in services and its diversification, internationalization trend of strengthening, but also due to the growing importance of trade in services to the world's economies, so that the competition in the international services market continues to intensify. The developed countries, because of their clear advantage in the overall distribution of benefits from international trade in services, have actively advocated the liberalization of trade in services, while the developing countries, because of the relatively small benefits they have gained, have adopted a cautious attitude. However, the official signing of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) on 15 April 1994 marked the formal incorporation of trade in services into the framework of free trade in the international multilateral trading system, making services that could not be carried out by globalization in the contemporary world economy exchangeable objects. For example, in the United States, which is at the forefront of the knowledge-based economy, there are more and more so-called "sunset" software companies, which move their main entities to countries with which they have no business relations, recruit their employees locally, and direct their decision-makers and senior managers and senior technical developers within the United States through the network to carry out software development on a 24-hour basis. Software development, and then through electronic means to send software products directly to another country; Secondly, the incremental nature of the remuneration of the knowledge-based service industry to enhance the countries in this field of investment and competition. The famous international consulting firm McKinsey & Company, a study that, by the beginning of the 21st century, the United States of all work, more than 80% will belong to the use of knowledge to serve the work. The development and growth of the knowledge-based service industry will inevitably require the implementation of free trade in its products in the world, requiring countries to open up their markets. In addition, the "softening" trend in the structure of trade in services will also be clearly reflected in the traditional trade in services. Such as the catering industry is a typical labor-intensive traditional service industry, in the knowledge-based economy, catering enterprises want to reappear in the past glory, it is necessary to develop high value-added food and beverage products, this high value-added food and beverage products itself is reflected in the knowledge content, but also embodied in the customers in the enjoyment of food and beverage products at the same time access to the additional services. Recently, the U.S. fast food industry operators Burger King is located in the financial district of New York City Center, a branch of a dedicated line with the Internet connection, to eat hamburger meals for customers to provide Internet access, the use of the charm of the network to attract more and more guests.　　

3, trade in services to compete in the comparative advantage of information in the knowledge-based economy and society, knowledge as the most important factor of production, its generation and transmission is mainly through the information industry to complete. Information through the global network to participate in international economic and trade activities between countries and regions, will inevitably lead to international trade, especially the development trend of international trade in services informatization. Under this trend, the content, mode and competitive pattern of international trade in services are bound to undergo fundamental changes. The traditional comparative advantage of developing countries in trade in services will gradually weaken, and the new comparative advantage in information will be a new force in the formation of the division of labor in international trade in services in the knowledge economy era, and become a constituent element of the international competitiveness of trading countries or enterprises. The so-called comparative advantage in information refers to the differences in the production, dissemination, feedback and use of information, as well as the quantity, quality, timeliness and scarcity of information available to a country. It is precisely because the degree of development of information infrastructure and the scale and proportion of information industry will greatly affect the competitive strength and status of a country in international trade and even in the world economy that countries have increased their investment and competition in information infrastructure construction and information service industry in order not to lag behind in the competition in the era of knowledge economy. Since 1993, President Clinton of the United States proposed the construction of the National Information Infrastructure (NII), i.e., the "information superhighway", which has aroused strong reactions all over the world. At present, Japan, South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, China and so on are planning to implement the "information superhighway program", the European Union is not willing to lag behind. The United States, as the founder of the "information superhighway" concept, is sparing no effort to accelerate the implementation. In order to utilize its own scientific and technological and economic advantages to seek maximum development in the construction of information infrastructure, the U.S. Government announced the implementation of the "Global Information Infrastructure" plan in 1995, calling on all countries to join the plan. At the same time, countries, especially the Western developed countries, set off the world information services trade war, and the more intense.

4, the further liberalization of trade in services policy since the 80's, due to the rapid development of trade in services and its diversification, internationalization trend of strengthening, but also due to the growing importance of trade in services to the economies of the world, so that the competition in the international services market continues to intensify. The developed countries, because of their clear advantage in the overall distribution of benefits from international trade in services, have actively advocated the liberalization of trade in services, while the developing countries, because of the relatively small benefits they have gained, have adopted a cautious attitude. However, the official signing of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) on 15 April 1994 marked the formal incorporation of trade in services into the framework of free trade in the international multilateral trading system, which has become an important element of globalization and regional integration in the contemporary world economy. In particular, the finalization of the Agreement on Basic Telecommunications, the Agreement on Information Technology and the Agreement on Financial Services after February 1997, which brought more than 90% of the global trade in telecommunications, information and financial services under its jurisdiction, is regarded as an important landmark document in the multilateral trading system. Most members of the WTO have now made commitments of varying degrees to certain services trade, and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) has called for trade and investment liberalization in the twenty-first century. The fact that the WTO Millennium Round of negotiations included knowledge-based services as one of the two main issues demonstrated that the liberalization of the services market had become a development trend in international trade in the future. It was foreseeable that, with the development of the knowledge-based economy, the relationship between free trade policy and protection trade policy would be newly integrated in services trade policy. On the one hand, the emergence of knowledge economy will greatly enhance the interconnection and interdependence of the economies of the world, no matter from what point of view, as the leading industry in the era of knowledge economy, free trade policy will be the direction of the development of the service industry. The increasing globalization of the economy does not allow pure self-protection and closure, only with a freer trade policy to participate in the division of labor in the service trade in order to achieve a more secure self-protection. Of course, on the other hand, the knowledge economy to realize the healthy and stable development, must be guaranteed by the protection of intellectual property rights, coupled with knowledge-based trade in services often involves the lifeblood of the national economy of the participating countries, which means that in the implementation of free trade policy at the same time, but also with the help of laws, policies and other means of implementation of a certain degree of trade protection, which for developing countries appear to be very important.

5, the regional distribution of trade in services unbalanced

Into the 1990s, the rapid development of international trade, especially the fastest growing international trade in services. According to statistics, in 1970, the global trade in services amounted to only 71 billion U.S. dollars, and the ratio of exports of trade in goods was 0.117, in 1997, it surged to 1,295 billion U.S. dollars, with an average annual growth rate of 11.7%, and the ratio of exports of trade in goods rose to 0.238, and it is expected that 15-20 years later, this ratio will reach more than 0.5. However, from the point of view of regional distribution, there is an unbalanced trend: the developed countries are in an absolutely dominant position in international trade in services, with a huge surplus in trade in services; in 1996, the United States, Japan, and the countries of the European *** body of trade in services accounted for more than two-thirds of the total global trade in services, and Hong Kong, China accounted for about 80 per cent of the total, if we add the Chinese Hong Kong region. The United States, in particular, had a services trade surplus of US$ 79.3 billion in 1997, with information technology-based knowledge-intensive services exports equivalent to 40 per cent of exports. Although the developing countries' trade in services has been developing relatively fast and its status has been rising, the main areas of service exports are still in maritime transportation, tourism and labour exports. With the development of the knowledge economy, the industrial structure of the service economy, the structure of trade in services, technology and knowledge-intensive, competitive information comparative advantage and the further liberalization of trade policy and other trends are becoming clearer, the imbalance in the regional distribution structure of trade in services not only will not be weakened, but also may be further strengthened, which is a serious challenge to the developing countries.　　

Second, China's current situation and policy options

Since the reform and opening up, China's international trade in services has developed considerably, and the growth of trade in services is higher than the growth of the national economy and the growth of the domestic service industry, and the field of trade in services is also expanding gradually. But in general, China's international trade in services is still in the early stage of development, there are many urgent problems to be solved 1) China's overall development of the service industry lags behind, the overall competitive strength is poor, trade in services lack of domestic industry pillar. At present, China's service industry only accounted for 32.5% of GDP, 25% of employment, not only far below the level of developed countries, and even lower than the average level of low-income countries (accounting for 38% of GDP). And China's service industry is mainly concentrated in the traditional service industry, such as tourism, labor export, ocean shipping and other labor-intensive sectors and resource endowment advantage sectors, while the global service trade volume of the largest financial, insurance, consulting, telecommunications and other knowledge, technology-intensive industries in China is still in the initial stage of development. (2) The overall level of trade in services is on the low side, and the export structure is not reasonable. At present, China's trade in services accounts for only 1% of the world trade in services, ranking 20 in the world after the 1997 China's exports of trade in services and exports of goods than only 0.128, even in the more economically developed, high degree of urbanization of Shanghai in 1997, this ratio is only 0.146, are lower than the global average level (0.232). At the same time, China's export structure of trade in services is also unreasonable, freight transportation and tourism two close to 50%, and knowledge-based services trade competitiveness is weak, there is a large amount of trade deficit. (3) The legal system of trade in services is not sound, and the management is backward. Trade in services is different from trade in goods, most of the trade can not be monitored through customs, the need for legal means to restrict or encourage the flow of people, capital and the scope and scale of trade. In terms of legislation on trade in services, although a considerable number of laws and regulations have been enacted so far, and these laws and regulations are playing an increasingly important role, but on the whole, the legislation has not been systematic, and many areas are still blank, even though some laws and regulations have been enacted, or the provisions are vague, abstract, and even conflicting with each other, or lacking in uniformity and transparency, or failing to conform to the principles of the WTO and GATS. principles of the WTO and GATS. Meanwhile, the management of trade in services is lagging behind. For a long time, China has been putting the development of productive industries, improve the material living standards of society in the first place, the service industry lacks a clear development of the guiding ideology and planning, there is no systematic and authoritative rules and regulations on the development of the service industry, and the management of the multiple heads, departmental responsibilities are not clear, the industrial layout is scattered and the scale of operation is small. (4) Shortage of talents in service trade, especially the shortage of outward-looking high-level talents in new service industry and knowledge-based service industry. (5) There is a big gap between the construction of informationization and the development of information industry and the developed countries. Information technology in some key areas and the world's advanced level of the gap is large, the information industry is generally small-scale enterprises, while the lack of division of labor and collaboration of the overall coordination arrangements.

The wave of globalization of service industry set off by the knowledge economy not only points out the direction of China's future industrial development, but also puts forward higher requirements for China's existing service industry. How to combine the development trend of international trade in services in the era of knowledge economy and the current situation of China's trade in services, fully tap the potential of China's trade in services, and strive to cultivate a new growth point of China's trade in services must take effective countermeasures.

1, a deep understanding of China's development of the service industry and the urgency of trade in services, increase the support for the service industry, the knowledge economy era in a certain sense is the era of service economy. Vigorously develop the service industry, is the foundation and guarantee of trade in services. In China, traditionally, there is a strong "agriculture and business" concept and discriminatory "three religions and nine streams" type of social stratification, coupled with the planned economy, "service is worthless" concept is y rooted, so that the service industry is the most important and the most important. For this reason, it is necessary to increase publicity, break the backward concepts that have been formed, realize a breakthrough in the social concept of products and labor values, and make people, especially enterprises and practitioners in the field of trade in services, realize the important role of the service industry and trade in services in the development of the national economy in the era of the knowledge-based economy, the improvement of the competitiveness of the country, and the safeguarding of national security, etc., and to realize that the development of the service economy is one of the important symbols of the modernization of the national economy. The great development of the service economy is one of the important symbols of the modernization of the national economy, so as to lay the ideological foundation for the development of China's service industry and trade in services. Secondly, we should increase the investment in the service industry. State finance should pay special attention to the investment in information infrastructure. Thirdly, the competitiveness of domestic enterprises in the service industry should be enhanced. Service industry enterprises and industry, scale is an important factor in determining its competitiveness. And most of China's new service industry, especially knowledge-based service industry enterprises are very small, in the face of the global service industry cross-border mergers and acquisitions of the wave, the government in the enhancement of the competitiveness of domestic enterprises to do the first thing is to promote the union of enterprises. Secondly, it can consider selecting a group of emerging service industries and knowledge-based service enterprises with potential advantages, especially export-oriented enterprises, for targeted support. Such as the adoption of encouraging tax policies, the implementation of tax exemptions and reductions for these enterprises; the implementation of tilted government procurement; to help them obtain more and more accurate information on the international trade in services, and so on.

2, adhere to the positive, steady, coordinated and orderly approach, and gradually open up China's knowledge-based services trade and the domestic services market to speed up the development of knowledge-based services trade is China's transition to -25- knowledge-based economy, and its opening up to the outside world is not only the requirements of the integration of the world economy, but also China's own economic development. The opening up to the outside world is not only the requirement of the integration of the world economy, but also the need of our own economic development. At present, China's knowledge-based services are still developing infant industries, international competitiveness is weak, open up the domestic service market and trade in services, we must respect the basic principles of GATS and adhere to the principle of national sovereignty and autonomy, security and the protection of infant industries combined with the principle of gradual opening. (1) To steadily open part of the urgent need to introduce competition in the field of knowledge-based services. Lack of domestic competitiveness, but also the urgent need to develop knowledge-based service areas, we should actively guide the service industry transnational corporations to enter. On the one hand, this can introduce new technology and rich management experience, promote the cultivation and development of new service varieties in China, and improve the overall level of services in China; on the other hand, it also helps to provide a kind of incentive pressure, prompting the domestic service industry to actively engage in technological and managerial innovations, and to narrow the gap between the developed countries and the developed countries in the field as soon as possible; (2) For the knowledge-based service industries that have already possessed a certain degree of competitiveness, it is necessary to Adhere to the principle of combining moderate protection and encouragement of fair competition, and utilize the role of enterprises and industries to reasonably protect the service trade market. For example, we should learn from Japan's experience, strengthen the integrated construction of service sales network, and enhance the difficulty of market entry. Although Japan's open protection policy has been significantly reduced, but is still the most accessible market, its experience lies in the very perfect integration network; improve the intensity of competition in the domestic market, increase the cost of entry; give full play to the role of industry organizations. (3) To truly achieve the market for technology. To stand in the height of whether to help improve China's productivity level of knowledge-based services market opening, avoid taking the manufacturing industry to use foreign capital "weight not quality" of the old road. Knowledge-based services transnational corporations are most concerned about China's huge service market, so there is no need to give foreign investors more favorable treatment than domestic service enterprises. (4) opening up to sectoral tilt-based, regional tilt-based. In the opening up of knowledge-based service industries, according to the degree of importance of specific services, the degree of relevance and strategic differences in the implementation of the key sectoral tilt, and should not take the stereotypical regional gradient mode of opening up. (5) Actively participate in multilateral negotiations on trade in services, and seize the initiative in the formulation of rules for opening up the market of knowledge-based services in the Millennium Round.

3, the correct treatment of the traditional comparative advantage and information comparative advantage of the relationship between efforts to cultivate information comparative advantage due to the strengthening of the trend of internationalization of information, international trade in services in the traditional comparative advantage of the importance of the gradual decline of developed countries are purposefully and consciously to try to control and monopolize the world's information resources, to achieve the 21st century dominated by the mainstream of the international trade in services purposes. Under this situation, if China determines its international trade in services structure only by the traditional comparative advantage it possesses, although it can obtain some trade benefits, it is very easy to fall into the "comparative advantage trap" and fail to obtain the competitive advantage in international trade in services. Therefore, it is necessary to speed up the construction of national information infrastructure, support the development of local industries and local informatization, and gradually increase the proportion of this area over time, so as to form the future competitive advantage of information through the dynamic development of local information comparative advantage. At present, the traditional comparative advantage and information comparative advantage can be combined, integrated planning, mutual promotion. On the one hand, the information comparative advantage to drive the traditional comparative advantage, guide the traditional service industry to high value-added high information content direction, promote or maintain the traditional competitive advantage; on the other hand, with the traditional comparative advantage to support the information comparative advantage, to promote the formation of the information competitive advantage.

4, strengthen the construction of trade in services laws and regulations, the establishment and improvement of trade in services management system in the trade in services legislation, should follow the following principles 1) progressive principle. Due to the complexity of the coordination of trade in services, legislation can not be achieved in one step, must start from the actual situation, such as from the interim measures, management regulations to the transition to formal laws. Simple law first or practice first can not solve the problem. (2) supporting principle. In the formulation of local laws and regulations should take into account the connection with the national law, local law, what the national law management, legislation should be clear. (3) systematic principle. Both the general laws and regulations of various sectors, such as trade in services statistics, trade in services qualifications, foreign immigrants, trade in services against unfair competition, trade in services, business organizations and other behavioral norms, but also specific industry legislation, which has been opened up to our country and commitment to open up the industry is particularly important. (4) the principle of convergence, the WTO, GATS has established a worldwide legal framework for trade in services, we should strengthen the WTO, GATS relevant provisions of the principles of the study, as soon as possible to establish both in line with the country's economic development goals and does not contravene the norms of international law laws and regulations on the principle of access to the market for services, services, taxation, investment, preferential conditions in the form of laws to increase the transparency of trade in services. In addition, special attention should be paid to increasing the number of countries that oppose foreign trade in services. In addition, special attention should be paid to increase the number of special provisions against foreign barriers to China's trade in services, the implementation of discriminatory treatment and unfair trade, so that it has the effect of convergence with international law.

The key to solving the main problems existing in the management of China's current international trade in services, and implementing effective macro-management of China's international trade in services, is to rapidly establish a society-wide service trade organization and coordination and management mechanism. Suggest the establishment of China's international trade in services coordination group or committee, responsible for China's trade in services development planning, business statistics, legislation, foreign negotiations and policy coordination and other matters.

5, accelerate the training of talents in trade in services of different industries, the key factors of production are different. For service trade enterprises, talent is the key element. The gap between China and developed countries in the trade in services, in the final analysis is the gap between the quantity and quality of talent. To solve the problem of talents, we should start from various aspects, firstly, multi-channel and multi-level cultivation. It is suggested that universities and research institutes with the conditions should actively prepare for the establishment of international trade in services specialties, cultivate complex talents familiar with international trade in services, and strengthen short-term training for existing personnel. Secondly, we should carry out the project of "attracting talents from overseas" and actively introduce talents. Third, to prevent the loss of talents. With China's accession to the WTO after a large number of foreign-funded service enterprises to enter, how to prevent the loss of high-level talent in trade in services is obviously very urgent. Otherwise, while cultivating and transferring to the outside world, the problem of their own talent or always difficult to solve.