Challenges and coping strategies in the development of China's foreign trade?

1. China's export efficiency is not high

China's export efficiency is not high mainly in two aspects: on the one hand, most of China's exports for the processing trade exports, the proceeds of just a little bit of processing fees. Although in recent years China's electronic and information products exports have risen, but a large part of them are made for some multinational giants OEM processing, the proportion of independent brand products is still less than 10%; on the other hand, due to China's lack of independent intellectual property rights of high-value-added exports, but also due to the guiding ideology of one-sided pursuit of exports, competing for the price of the export of China's exports has become a chronic disease of the export trade is not cured. As a result, a part of the product trade volume increased more, but the phenomenon of trade value increased less.

2. Foreign trade growth in a quantitative manner, the crude expansion of the main

3. Trade mode is unreasonable

Prior to 2000, the general trade has been the main body of China's foreign trade, China's processing trade in 2000 in the total foreign trade amounted to 48.54%, occupying half of the country, and has basically remained stable since then, accounting for the total amount of export trade Since then, it has basically maintained a steady increase, accounting for about 54% of the total export trade. As we can only earn value added through processing trade, although it has played a considerable role in the expansion of China's trade scale, the economic benefits we have gained from it are relatively small. On the other hand, China's foreign-funded enterprises processing trade imports and exports accounted for an average of 75%, while state-owned enterprises accounted for only 10% to 15%, and private enterprises accounted for an even smaller proportion.

4. Export markets are too concentrated, and trade frictions are frequent

Coping strategies:

1. Clarify the understanding of the development of foreign trade as the first priority to promote economic growth.

A view that "China's export dependence is too high will affect the country's economic security or cause export impoverished growth". In fact, the boundaries of a reasonable degree of export dependence depends on whether the export is effective, if the export enterprises do not lose money, the state does not subsidize, under this premise, as long as there is demand in the international market, the export products sell at a reasonable price, we should encourage more exports, which will not affect the country's economic security, and will not result in the impoverishment of the export growth. Another view is that it is unscientific to emphasize only the expansion of domestic demand while ignoring the role of external demand. It is true that China is a large developing country, and expanding domestic demand is a correct policy that we should adhere to in the long run. However, under the conditions of an open economy, the pulling effect of external demand on economic growth should not be neglected at any time, and the three-round driving effect of investment, consumption and export demand should be consistently adhered to. There is also a view that the processing trade industry chain is short, low value-added products, rampant smuggling, should not be vigorously developed. This understanding is also one-sided, it should be emphasized that the development of processing trade is China's participation in the international division of labor and the objective needs of international exchange, is conducive to give full play to China's advantage of abundant labor resources, expanding social employment, to make up for the shortage of domestic resources. As long as the introduction of technology digestion and absorption, encourage domestic manufacturers to technological innovation, improve the depth of processing and technological content, commissioned by foreign manufacturers to commissioned design and manufacturing and processing of their own brand direction, the processing trade will also extend the chain, increase the added value of processing trade will also be to the high level of development.

2. Formulate foreign trade development strategy for the new period.

Since the reform and opening up of different periods, China has formulated the quality of victory and market diversification, large economic and trade, science and technology trade and other foreign trade development strategy. 21st century the main focus of China's foreign trade development strategy and strategic focus should be the optimization and upgrading of the international trade structure. Specifically, (1) actively develop foreign trade in high-tech industries. Trade in high-tech industries is the main form of trade among transnational corporations and the main driving force of economic globalization. (2) Expand trade space and strengthen the development of developing country markets. Developed countries and regional markets are China's main export market, is our first concern and attention to the market. Developing countries in those faster economic development, trade environment is relatively stable, market potential or strategic prospects of the market is that we should pay special attention to the future and increase the development of the market, but also the national policy should focus on supporting the market. Developed countries and newly industrialized countries and regions have launched a strong offensive on these markets, and even formed a regional economic bloc, if we do not actively participate in them, we will probably lose major market opportunities. (3) Create competitive advantages and emphasize enterprise system innovation. Encourage all kinds of enterprises to actively participate in international competition and continuously improve their strength in competition. Both the formulation and implementation of policies should revolve around whether they can mobilize enterprises to develop international markets and help them improve their international competitiveness. In the next few years, the foreign trade strategy should shift its focus from relying mainly on government financial support and policy preferences to vigorously improving the international competitiveness of enterprises and fundamentally solving the problem of the ability to develop international markets. Competition in the international market is now to a large extent a group competition under monopoly conditions, while the structure of China's foreign trade enterprises has so far been dominated by small and medium-sized enterprises, with shortcomings such as the lack of leading industries, the absence of long-term planning, and the lack of the ability to open up new markets. Therefore, to vigorously develop China's foreign trade business must be large-scale, industrialization direction. (4) Enhance the awareness of environmental protection and strive to occupy the international green market. The government should adopt a series of regulations and systems to enable enterprises to change the traditional business decision-making limited to the maximization of profits or minimization of costs within the enterprise, and incorporate environmental costs into the evaluation system of the enterprise's benefits, adopt social business decision-making, and coordinate the relationship between the enterprise's economic benefits, social benefits and environmental benefits; it should study various important international standards and publicize and popularize them, so as to ensure that China's export commodities are in good condition in terms of technology, safety and environmental protection, and that China's export commodities are in the best condition. Export commodities in technology, safety, health, environmental protection, close to or meet the requirements of international standards, to reduce trade friction; efforts should be made to improve environmental protection technology, and continue to develop green products, to avoid the adverse impact of green trade barriers.