Summary of the economy, politics and culture of the Ming and Qing dynasties

Culture: the inheritance of ancient and new is the characteristics of this period.

Specifically manifested in: 1. The collection of scientific and technological works have come out one after another.

2. early democratic ideas with feudal overtones came into being; 3. along with the economic development of the city, civic literature flourished, and the novel became the mainstream of literature; 4. classical culture into the summary of the period, the official organization of the compilation of large-scale books with outstanding achievements, which fully demonstrated the vastness of the Chinese civilization; 5. the arrival of the Western missionaries to the east, so that the Chinese people learned about some of the advanced foreign cultures.

Economy: 1. Adjustment of production relations.

The Ming Dynasty introduced the "one whip law" and reformed the system of taxation, which relatively reduced the burden of peasants and was conducive to the commercialization of agriculture and the emergence of capitalism.

The Qing Dynasty's implementation of the "Apportionment of Din to Mu" played an important role in China's population growth and socio-economic development.

2. The development of agricultural production.

More varieties of cash crops, expanding the planting area, laying the foundation for the development of handicrafts and commerce, and facilitating the commercialization of agriculture.

3. The progress of handicrafts and the sprouting of capitalism.

In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, capitalism sprouted sparsely in some production sectors in Jiangnan, but the development was slow.

4. Commercial prosperity, the extension of the commodity economy to the countryside, Jiangzhe region known for industrial and commercial municipalities, have sprung up.

But the closed-door policy practiced by the Qing Dynasty made China gradually fall behind the world trend.

Politics: 1. Centralization was strengthened and central and local controls were adjusted.

The Ming dynasty abolished the prime minister system in the center and divided power into six ministries, each of which had its own shangshu, directly responsible to the emperor.

At the local level, there was a division of power among the three divisions.

The three divisions are separate, each holding the other in check, and the power is returned to the center.

The Qing dynasty set up six cabinets, six departments, and retained the Council of Ministers of the King.

Yongzheng set up the Office of Military and Political Affairs, marking the development of China's monarchical authoritarian centralized system to its peak.

2. The Ming dynasty enacted the Daming Laws, which increased economic legislation.

And the implementation of the "eight shares" to control the thinking of the world.

The Qing Dynasty imposed strict penalties to strengthen the centralized imperial power.

The Qing dynasty introduced strict penalties for writing and strengthened centralized imperial power.