What are the cultural characteristics of Shaanxi?

What are the cultural characteristics of Shaanxi?

What are the cultural characteristics of Shaanxi? Every city has its own distinctive culture, and Shaanxi is one of the important birthplaces of the Chinese nation and culture, and many people have different feelings about it. What are the following cultural characteristics in Shaanxi? Let's have a look.

What are the cultural characteristics of Shaanxi 1 I. Shaanxi history and culture

Shaanxi is one of the important birthplaces of Chinese nation and Chinese culture. As early as 800 thousand years ago, Lantian ape-man lived here. 1953 The site of banpo village discovered in the east of Xi shows the progress and civilization of matriarchal clan society 6000 years ago. Xuanyuan Huangdi Mausoleum, the ancestor of the Chinese nation in huangling county, northern Shaanxi, has become a spiritual symbol of uniting the Chinese nation.

More than ten regimes, including Western Zhou, Qin, Western Han, Qian Qin, Hou Qin, Western Wei, Northern Zhou, Daxia, Sui and Tang Dynasties, have established their capitals in Shaanxi 1000 years. It is the province with the most dynasties and the longest history in China. It has long been the political, economic and cultural center of China, leaving a very rich historical and cultural heritage.

Xi, the provincial capital, is one of the six ancient capitals in China. More than 2,000 years ago, the Silk Road, which started from ancient Chang 'an, was opened, making Shaanxi the birthplace of the country's opening to the outside world, and Chang 'an, the capital, became a famous distribution center for Chinese and Western trade. In the Tang Dynasty, Shaanxi became a prosperous place for cultural exchanges between China and Japan, Southeast Asia, North Korea and other countries and regions.

Up to now, the legacy of Zhou Yu, Qin Zhuang and Tang Li still exists in these countries and regions. In modern times, Shaanxi was one of the first provinces to declare independence in response to Wuchang Shouyi in191,especially from 1935 to 1948, when the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China led the liberation wars in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and northern Shaanxi, it laid the foundation stone of the new China and cultivated the Yan 'an spirit with a bright future.

"Central Qin has been a country of emperors since ancient times". In the long history, Shaanxi not only shows the changing process of dynasty replacement, but also casts the historical imprint of the country's rise and fall, and its strength is changeable. At the same time, it has nurtured and created rich and profound material civilization and spiritual civilization, created a large number of cultural masters who have illuminated generation after generation, and left brilliant cultural and artistic achievements for mankind.

From Zhou Gongdan, the "system of rites and music" in the Western Zhou Dynasty, to Cheng Miao, who created official script in the Qin Dynasty; Sima Qian, a great historian in Han Dynasty, Ban Biao, Ban Gu and Ban Zhao, and Ma Rong, a master of Confucian classics in Guanzhong; Great poets in the Tang Dynasty, such as Wang Wei, Bai Juyi and Du Mu, great calligraphers Liu Gongquan and Yan Zhenqing, painters Yan Lide and Yan, exegesis Yan Shigu, etc. Their immortal works and achievements have built a towering monument in the history of human culture and are widely admired by the world.

Second, the local characteristics of Shaanxi

The loess customs in northern Shaanxi, the Guanzhong culture in xi 'an and Baoji, and the customs in Hanzhong and Ankang in southern Shaanxi have their own characteristics.

Shaanxi opera

Also known as "Luantan", it is the main genre of Shaanxi local operas and the oldest existing genre in China. It is the originator of Beijing Opera, Henan Opera, Sichuan Opera, Hebei Bangzi and other operas, and its singing, Taoism, facial makeup, characters, roles, categories and acting skills are all self-contained. Its characteristics are: impassioned, broad voice and loud voice. The most famous is the Yi Sushe and Shaanxi Opera Institute in Xi.

shadow play

It is one of the popular props in China. The beautifully carved shadow play is reflected on the screen by the lights, and the artists manipulate the shadows behind the scenes, accompanied by music and singing. It is an ancient and unique opera art, which is deeply loved by people.

Shadow play sprouted in Han Dynasty, developed in Tang Dynasty and flourished in Song Dynasty. Shaanxi is the birthplace of Chinese shadow play, and its shadow play is still the best in China. Shaanxi shadow play not only has a wide variety of vocals and superb performance skills, but also the carving skills of shadow play craftsmen have reached a high level. Traditional repertoires include Meet and Get Married and Visit the West Lake.

Hu Mei

Hu Mei is the most popular in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi, and is also loved by people in Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai, Henan, Shaanxi and other provinces. It originated from folk songs. Popular in Huayin and Huaxian, it is called Hu Mei on the East Road, and Hu Mei on the West Road was first popular in Meixian and Huxian, with euphemistic, delicate and beautiful singing. There are more than 50 tunes in Hu Mei's vocal music works, which can express the rich emotions and tortuous plots of the characters on the stage.

Peasant paintings in Huxian county

Shaanxi peasant paintings originated from the folk, and the contents of paintings are mainly figures, animals, flowers and birds. The composition is simple and beautiful, paying attention to the number of colors, pursuing strong intuitive effects, strong local customs, healthy and simple content, and giving people positive passion. Shaanxi peasant paintings are mainly distributed in Huxian County in Guanzhong, Ansai and Luochuan in northern Shaanxi. Huxian county is known as the "hometown of peasant paintings", with more than 2,000 local peasant painters, and many excellent works have been collected by art galleries at home and abroad.

Paper-cutting in northern Shaanxi

Paper-cutting, commonly known as window grilles, was created by clever working women, which condensed the ancient Yellow River regional culture. Every Spring Festival, every door and window is covered with all kinds of paper-cuts, which express people's happy mood vividly. In recent years, this flower of national art, which was born in the Loess Plateau, has crossed the ocean and is deeply loved by foreign guests and friends.

Fengxiang woodcut new year pictures

It has a history of more than 470 years and is rooted in the countryside. New Year pictures, from draft, edition adjustment, printing to painting, are all developed according to farmers' traditional hobbies and habits, forming a unique artistic style, which enjoys a high reputation in Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai, Sichuan and other places, and also has certain influence abroad.

Face flower

The production of flour flowers is popular in Guanzhong and northern Shaanxi, and the locals call it flower buns. At weddings, funerals and New Year celebrations, villagers will make all kinds of flower buns with unique and realistic shapes, or display tea leaves, or give them to relatives and friends, which are both edible and an art with unique local characteristics.

Imitation of Qin terracotta warriors and horses

With the excavation and exhibition of Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses, replicas of Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses are becoming ideal souvenirs and gifts for Chinese and foreign tourists. Its lifelike shape is not only suitable for exhibitions in art galleries and museums, but also suitable for home decoration, decoration and gifts to relatives and friends.

Imitation Qin bronze chariots and horses

Qin bronze chariots and horses are two large painted bronze chariots and horses excavated by China archaeologists in 1980 on the east side of Qin Shihuang's mausoleum. They are exquisite in craftsmanship and vivid in shape. The imitation of Qin bronze chariots and horses is lifelike and can be confused with the real thing.

Tangsancai ceramic

It is a new variety created on the basis of monochrome glazed pottery in Han Dynasty. It is made by coating a layer of colorless glaze on a white pottery tire, decorating it with yellow, green and cyan, and firing it. Its bright color, soft luster and vivid image.

Fengxiang color plastic

Fengxiang colored sculptures are famous at home and abroad for their beautiful shapes, bright colors and vivid expressions. Legend has it that Zhu Yuanzhang's army was stationed here in the Ming Dynasty, and most of the soldiers were Jiangxi cousins who could make pottery. After they settled down as farmers, they made some toys and gifts in their spare time, which developed into today's colored sculptures and became important tourist souvenirs in Shaanxi.

What are the cultural characteristics of Shaanxi? What are the characteristics of Shaanxi?

There are many places of interest in Shaanxi, and it is also the birthplace of many historical celebrities. Shaanxi was already the territory of China in the ancient civilization period, and then gradually developed, and after various divisions, it became the present Shaanxi.

People in China are called descendants of the Yellow Emperor, and this "Yellow Emperor" refers to the Yan Emperor and the Yellow Emperor. However, the birthplace of these two outstanding leaders is actually Shaanxi. Hua Xushi and Hua Xushi are the ancestors of Fuxi and Nuwa, so in a disguised form, Shaanxi is actually the birthplace of Chinese civilization. In addition to leading talents, there are many civilian military commanders in Shaanxi, such as Zhong Kui and Cang Xie. Shaanxi used to be called "Qin", later renamed Shaanxi, referred to as "Shaanxi".

Shaanxi has many characteristics, such as mutton buns, China buns, Terracotta Warriors, the Great Wall, the Loess Plateau and so on. It is also a famous education university.

What are the characteristics of Shaanxi culture? 3 Shaanxi folk culture.

No. 1 Heyang puppet show

Heyang puppet show (also known as "Heyang Line Hu") is located on the bank of the Yellow River in Weinan, adjacent to the west of Shanxi, and is a unique performance of northern China puppet show.

At the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty, Li Guan (Xiang Ruoshi), a juren from Heyang, known as one of the "Eight Scholars in Guanzhong", made great reforms in his singing, music, repertoire and puppet making, making it more complete and dramatic. Qing Qianlong, Jiaqing and Tongzhi performed in Suzhou, Yangzhou and Beijing many times, which had a great influence.

This kind of drama contains the skills of lifting, pulling, hooking, picking, twisting, swinging, flashing and shaking, and creative unique stunts, which endows the marionette with artistic life and makes it lifelike. The singing and music of the opera are desolate and tragic, euphemistic and delicate, with many Qin characteristics. Musical instruments are unique and distinctive, including guzheng, interceptor and other special musical instruments. Traditional drama has wonderful artistic conception, beautiful words and high literariness.

After liberation, some plays were transplanted and adapted into stage plays, which enjoyed a high reputation both inside and outside the province. At present, the lack of talents and the sluggish market of this kind of drama directly affect its further development. How to protect this traditional drama is an extremely important task at present.

No, storytelling in northern Shaanxi.

Storytelling in northern Shaanxi is a very important form of storytelling in Quyi in northwest China, which is mainly popular in Yan 'an and Yulin areas in northern Shaanxi. At first, poor blind people sang some legendary stories with folk songs in northern Shaanxi. Later, it absorbed the tunes of Hu Mei, Qinqiang, Daoqing and Xintianyou, and gradually formed the storytelling form of rap performance.

The traditional storytelling performance in northern Shaanxi is that artists use northern Shaanxi dialect to tell stories alternately with three-stringed or pipa. According to the different accompaniment instruments, it is called "three-string book" or "pipa book". In 1930s and 1940s, storytelling in northern Shaanxi was transformed by famous artists such as Han Qixiang, and developed into a folk art storytelling form with five musical instruments as the main instruments: the big three-stringed instrument (or pipa), the bangzi, the elastic board, the high-five sawdust (called Mazha) and the small gong (or cymbal).

The lyrics of storytelling in northern Shaanxi are popular and smooth, with strong local characteristics; Rich in tunes and rough in style, it is called "Nine Tones and Eighteen Tones". Among them, there are monosyllabic, disyllabic, western cool, Shandong, flat, crying, anti-tune and martial tune.

There are many traditional storytelling programs in northern Shaanxi, among which the representative long stories are the story of flowers and willows, the story of shaking money, the story of watching lights, and the story of hanging ling fans. , while Zhang's short stories are "Descent" and so on. Since the 1940s, the Writers Association of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region has set up a storytelling group. With the help of artists such as Lin Shan, a new literary and art worker, and in coordination with the revolutionary struggle, some new bibliographies have been compiled, such as Reunion in Qiao Liu, Wang Piqin's Return to the South, Yichuan Victory, Turning Over, and I'll Tell Chairman Mao a Story.

Liu, Dang Fuxiang and Wang Jinkao are influential artists in northern Shaanxi. In recent years, the development of storytelling in northern Shaanxi has been in trouble, and the old artists have gradually passed away, and there are few successors in artistic inheritance, which urgently needs support and protection.

No.3 Fengxiang color plastic

Fengxiang colored sculpture is a kind of folk arts and crafts. It is made by mixing clay and paper pulp into plastic mud, first making a mold, turning it into embryo, drying it, coating it with white powder, then painting, painting and polishing it. Clay sculptures are mostly hollow round bodies, and there are also relief pendants, which are not only children's favorite toys, but also tourist souvenirs in Shaanxi.

Fengxiang colored clay figurine is a specialty of Shaanxi province, a folk craft of clay sculpture, and a toy very popular with children. Its creative base is mainly concentrated in Liudaoying area in the east of Fengxiang City. Fengxiang painted clay sculpture is a folk art in Fengxiang County, Shaanxi Province, which is called "clay goods" by local people. Fengxiang County is located in the west of Guanzhong Plain. Clay figurines were buried in the tombs of the Spring and Autumn Period, the Warring States Period and the Han and Tang Dynasties, which shows that its clay sculpture technology has a long history.

According to legend, Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, disarmed the Sixth Battalion and settled here. Since then, this area has been known as the "six camps" and has been passed down to this day.

Fengxiang colored clay dolls have many categories, which can be roughly divided into pendants, ornaments and hand-held pieces. They vary in size, from thirty or forty centimeters to only a few centimeters. Before 1960s, there were more than 300 farmers making clay sculptures in Liu Ying village and its surrounding villages. At present, only artists such as Shen Hu, Hu Xinmin, Hu Yongxing, Han Suocun and Du Yin are engaged in the creation and production of clay sculptures in their spare time.

No.4 Fengxiang Woodblock New Year Pictures

Fengxiang woodblock New Year pictures are produced in Fengxiang County in the west of Guanzhong Plain in Shaanxi Province. They are famous woodblock New Year pictures in China and one of the main schools of folk New Year pictures in China. It began in the Tang and Song Dynasties and flourished in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. They are praised by foreign collectors as "the crystallization of oriental wisdom" and are collected by famous museums all over the world.

Fengxiang woodcut New Year pictures are mainly divided into six categories: door paintings, ten beautiful paintings, genre paintings, drama story paintings, home paintings and window grilles. At the most, there were more than 600 kinds. Now there are more than 300 kinds after the restoration, excavation, arrangement and innovation of Li Liping, the 20th generation descendant of Woodboard New Year Pictures.

Woodblock New Year pictures are an ancient, unique and unique artistic wonder in Baoji folk art, which is deeply loved by the vast rural people in Guanzhong.

Baoji's woodcut New Year pictures are mainly in Fengxiang. Fengxiang woodcut New Year pictures inherit and carry forward the line technique of traditional Chinese painting art, and at the same time absorb the characteristics of temple murals, stone carving brushwork and knife cutting in past dynasties, with line carving as the main feature, strong lines, simplicity and simplicity, vividness and generosity; The colors are mainly red, green, yellow and purple, and then lined with black lines. Strong contrast, rich life, full and vivid image. When printing, print and dye the world with color, then turn on red light, apply rouge to emphasize color, and then set up a black line master. The picture is harmonious and simple, and vivid and unique.

No. 5 northern Shaanxi yangge

Northern Shaanxi Yangko is a widely popular and representative traditional dance, also known as "making fire", "making yangko", "making community fire" and "making yangko". Mainly distributed in Yulin, Yan 'an, Suide, Mizhi and other places in Shaanxi Province, it has a long history, rich content and various forms. Among them, Suide Yangko is the most representative.

Suide is the center of northern Shaanxi Yangko, and the traditional performances, customs and styles of Yangko are still preserved in the rural areas here, including "Shenhui Yangko" and "Twenty-eight Nights Old Yangko" driven by ancient villagers, and the new Yangko that appeared after 1942.

There are often dozens of yangko performers, some as many as nearly a hundred. Under the leadership of the umbrella head, they stepped on the sonorous gongs and drums and danced with the loud suona, twisting, swinging, walking, jumping and turning. Immersed in a happy and festive atmosphere, the Yangko performance in the northern Shaanxi Plateau is very prosperous.

The northern Shaanxi Yangko became the leading role in the Yan 'an New Yangko Movement from 65438 to 0942, and was endowed with new mental outlook and content of the times with the development of the revolutionary situation, which spread all over the country.

Yangko in northern Shaanxi shows the simple, simple and optimistic character of the people in northern Shaanxi, which has outstanding historical and cultural value.

No.6 Ansai paper-cut

Ansai paper-cut is a popular Han folk art in Ansai County, Shaanxi Province. On most festive days, Ansai women hinge paper-cuts, stick grilles. In the twelfth lunar month, women get together early to cut paper for the Spring Festival. Near the end of the year, every household's new white window paper is covered with red and green paper-cuts. In this way, a village is a paper-cut art exhibition.

Ansai paper-cut is not only beautifully shaped and exquisitely cut, but also has profound historical and cultural connotations, including aesthetics, history, philosophy, folklore, archaeology, cultural anthropology and so on. It is known as the "cultural relic on the ground" and the "living fossil" of culture. Ansai paper-cut has various forms, simple and bright style, rough and bright lines, simple and simple meaning, full of expectations for peace and good luck.

Ansai paper-cut, in the internal decoration, is mainly random decoration and image decoration, sometimes combined with image and figurative decoration. Commonly used decorative patterns include sawtooth pattern, crescent pattern, spindle pattern, diamond pattern, cloud hook, swastika, wealth, brick city and so on. Cutting methods are divided into double hinge, single hinge and zero hinge.

Double hinge, that is, folding hinge, cutting some symmetrical patterns, partially symmetrical patterns; Single hinge, which is used when the image cannot be cut symmetrically. The combination of double hinge and single hinge is the traditional hinge mode of Ansai paper-cutting. Zero hinge is to cut a paper-cut partial image separately and then put it into a complete pattern on the paper. Most paper-cut authors don't draw drafts, but boldly cut them at will and by hand. Ansai paper-cutting has sentimental meaning and is quite particular.

7, Fu brick tea production technology

Fuzhuan brick tea has a history of 600 years, and its predecessor was Jingyang brick in Shaanxi. Fuzhuan brick tea came out around 1368, that is, around the first year of Zhu Yuanzhang Hongwu. Because its utility is similar to that of Smilax glabra and brick, it is named "Fuzhuan Brick Tea". In 2008, the making skills of Fuzhuan tea were selected into the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage protection list in China.

Fuzhuan tea is a kind of black tea, which is processed from black tea. The basic technological process is divided into raw material selection, screening and processing, steaming and stacking, steaming tea with juice, pressing and forming, and drying flowers.

Fuzhuan brick tea has a unique effect on eliminating greasy and fat, and it needs a special "blooming" process to make the brick body densely covered with "golden flowers", which is also the most distinctive process of Fuzhuan brick tea. The essence of "blooming" is to promote the growth and reproduction of the dominant bacteria, Eurotium cristatum, by controlling certain temperature and humidity conditions, and produce a golden closed capsule, commonly known as "Golden Flower". Its content in Fuzhuan tea is closely related to the taste and aroma of tea, which can directly affect the quality of Fuzhuan tea.

The history of these folk cultures has a certain history, and time can always precipitate many beautiful things. These cultures and folk customs are not only superficial sculptures, paper-cuts or dances, but also reflect people's wisdom, history and feelings.