October 1, 2009 National Day blackboard information .

October 1 is China's National Day. The Chinese people, under the leadership of the Chinese ****production party, went forward and backward to achieve the great victory of the people's revolution. October 1, 1949, in the capital of Beijing, Tiananmen Square, held a national ceremony, in the rumbling salute, Chairman of the Central People's Government Mao Zedong solemnly proclaimed the establishment of the People's Republic of China and raised the first five-star red flag. Gathered in Tiananmen Square, 300,000 soldiers and civilians held a grand military parade and celebratory parade. October 1 is China's National Day, why is this day designated as National Day? The Chinese people, after more than a hundred years of heroic struggle, under the leadership of the Chinese ****production party, achieved a great victory in the people's revolution. The proclamation of the founding of the People's Republic of China (PRC) on October 1, 1949 was one of the greatest transformations in the history of China. At the first session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) in September 1949, it was decided to designate October 1 as the National Day

At 3:00 p.m. on October 1, 1949, 300,000 people in Beijing held a grand ceremony in Tiananmen Square to celebrate the founding of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China (CPG). The ceremony was held in the afternoon of October 1, 1949, in Tiananmen Square. Chairman Mao Zedong solemnly proclaimed the founding of the People's Republic of China and the Central People's Government, and raised the first five-star red flag in person. Chairman Mao read out the Proclamation of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China: "The Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China is the only lawful government representing the people of the People's Republic of China. This Government is willing to establish diplomatic relations with any foreign government that is willing to abide by the principles of equality, mutual benefit and mutual respect for territorial sovereignty." A military parade and mass procession followed. Commander-in-Chief Zhu De inspected the navy, army and air force and announced the Order of the Headquarters of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), ordering the PLA to quickly purge all remnants of the Kuomintang's armed forces and to liberate all the yet to be liberated territories. On the same day, Beijing Xinhua Broadcasting Station conducted a live broadcast of the Founding Ceremony of the People's Republic of China*** and the State in Tiananmen Square. This is the first large-scale live broadcast in the history of Chinese people's broadcasting, people's radio stations across the country at the same time syndicated.

2, the world's National Day origin

The world's countries to determine the basis of the National Day is very strange. According to statistics, there are 35 countries in the world that celebrate their national day at the time of their establishment. The day of the occupation of the capital for the national day of Cuba, Cambodia and so on. Some countries take the national independence day as the national day. 1804 January 1, the Haitian people annihilated Napoleon's 60,000 expeditionary force, declared independence in Port-au-Prince, and from then on the first of January every year as the national day. The same is true for Mexico, Ghana and other countries. There are also some countries to the anniversary of the armed uprising as a national holiday. July 14 is the French national day. 1789 this day, the people of Paris captured the Bastille, a symbol of feudal rule, overthrew the monarchy. Other countries celebrate major conferences as national holidays. The United States celebrates July 4, 1776, the day the Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence, as its national day. Canada celebrates its national day on July 1, 1867, the day the British Parliament passed the North America Act of Great Britain. There is also the birthday of the head of state for the National Day, such as Nepal, Thailand, Sweden, the Netherlands, Denmark, Belgium and other countries

3, National Day historical origin

October 1 is the birthday of our great motherland

October 1, 1949, the anniversary of the founding of the new China. It should be clarified here that, in the impression of many people, October l, 1949 in Beijing Tiananmen Square held hundreds of thousands of military and civilian participation in the Chinese people **** and the country's founding ceremony. In fact, this impression in people's minds is not accurate. Because the ceremony held in Tiananmen Square on October 1, 1949 was the founding ceremony of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China, not the Founding Ceremony. In fact, the "founding" of the People's Republic of China, that is to say, the establishment of the People's Republic of China, had already been announced a week before October 1 of that year. At that time, it was not called the "Founding Ceremony", but the "Founding Ceremony". The date was September 21, 1949, when the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) was held. On that day, Mao Zedong, head of the preparatory committee for the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), announced the birth of a new China in his opening speech at the first session of the CPPCC.

So what about National Day on October 1? At the first meeting of the First National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, Xu Guangping spoke, "Member Ma Shulun was unable to come on leave, and he asked me to say that the founding of the People's Republic of China should be celebrated on a national day, so I hope that this Council will decide to designate October 1 as a national day." Mao Tse-tung said "We should make a proposal, suggest it to the government and let the government decide." On October 2, 1949, the Central People's Government passed the Resolution on the National Day of the People's Republic of China (PRC), which stipulated that October 1 of each year would be the National Day and that this day would be used as the date for proclaiming the founding of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Since then, October 1 every year has become a national people of all ethnic groups to celebrate the holiday

4, the National Day related to the name

National Day is an important holiday in every country, but the name is different. Many countries call it "National Day" or "National Day", and some countries call it "Independence Day" or "Independence Day". ", also called "**** and Day", "**** and National Day", "Revolution Day", "Liberation Day ", "National Rehabilitation Day", "Constitution Day", etc. There are also those that directly add "day" to the name of the country, such as " Australia Day", "Pakistan Day", some of the king's birthday or enthronement for the national day, such as the king's replacement, the specific date of the national day has also been replaced

Every national day, countries have to hold different forms of celebrations to strengthen the patriotic consciousness of the people of their own country, enhance national cohesion. enhance the cohesion of the country. All countries also congratulate each other. Every five or ten national day, some also want to expand the scale of the celebration. In order to celebrate the national day, governments usually hold a national day reception, hosted by the head of state, head of government or foreign minister, and invite the local envoys and other important foreign guests to attend. But some countries do not hold a reception, such as the United States, Britain do not hold a reception.

Summary of foreign national days

(1) celebrate the national day music sound fireworks in the air

France is to July 14, the French Revolution, the Parisian masses smashed the Bastille this day as a national day. 1989, coinciding with the 200th anniversary of the French Revolution. For this reason, France held a very grand celebration. On that day, a grand military parade was held on the Elysee Fields Street in Paris. More than 300 armored vehicles, 5,000 soldiers, 250 airplanes and helicopters were paraded. 33 foreign heads of state or government and more than 10,000 foreign guests were invited to attend the ceremony. At the site, more than 800,000 spectators watched the ceremony. In the evening, 200,000 fireworks rose in the air to the sound of the majestic "La Marseillaise" musical score, and more than 8,000 performers of many nationalities from all over the world took part in a large-scale National Day show at Concorde Square.

(2) National Day Ceremony to Celebrate the Nation

Every August 9, Singapore holds a National Day Ceremony to celebrate the nation. There is also a National Day parade with warplanes and parachute displays. When the president reviewed the honor guard, 3 f-16 Falcon fighter, 6 f-5s/t fighter and 5 a-4su super skyhawk fighter, *** 14 fighter planes arranged in a five-star and curved moon shape flew over, the formation is like the five-star curved moon on the national flag. After the infantry team walked past the reviewing stand, the 14 fighters in the five-star, curved-moon formation flew over with three more military aircraft - a C-130 Hercules transport aircraft, an E-2C Hawkeye airborne early warning aircraft and a Fokker 50 maritime patrol aircraft. Then seven helicopters, including a Cherokee, a Super Puma and a UH-1H, flew over in a V formation

After the helicopters, there was a breathtaking parachute jump by five Armed Forces commandos from a Hercules transport aircraft at an altitude of 1,500 meters, all carrying 40 kilograms of equipment, with skyscrapers surrounding the government building. Skyscrapers abound, a challenge for them.

(3) Crowds and Flowers Celebrate the Festival

May 17 is Norway's National Day (also called Constitution Day). During this grand festival, you will see thousands of people dressed in national costumes and celebrating the holiday. On the street, from young girls to old women are almost all strappy floor-length dresses, red, white, black, green, in thick tweed or cotton embroidered with bright flowers and patterns, everyone's chest has a beautiful silver ornaments, some are also draped in matching cloaks, wearing different colors of the national bonnet, it is really colorful. The men's costumes, ranging from medieval court dresses to 21st century red fashions, were also a sight to behold. There were many old men with various medals on their chests, civilized sticks in their hands and tall bowler hats on their heads, which made them look like gentlemen.

This day, leading to the Royal Palace of Karl-Johan Street into a sea of people, a sea of flowers, a sea of national flags. The flags were fluttering on the tall flagpoles temporarily erected on both sides of the road, on the roofs of the buildings, on the balconies, and on the windows

When the National Day parade began, the King stood in the center of the observatory in a black gown; to his right was the Queen in a red gown; and to the right of the Queen were the Prince and the Princess. Everything is so natural, so pure and simple, and everything reflects the people's heartfelt infinite love for the motherland and the nation.

4) state capitals take turns

Germany October 3, the official name of the day called "Reunification Day", is a legal holiday, but not a "national day". Unlike July 14 in France, July 4 in the United States, and August 1 in Switzerland, there are no major events that take place on this important national-day-like day in Germany, unlike July 14, 1789, when the Bastille was seized by the revolutionaries in France, July 4, 1776, when the United States issued its Declaration of Independence, and August 1, 1291, when Switzerland concluded its permanent alliance. As has been the rule since unification in 1990, the capitals of the cantons take turns in organizing the celebrations, e.g. in 2000 it was Dresden's turn. It is therefore not surprising that the capital city does not organize solemn celebrations, despite the fact that it is the 5th and 10th of August. Citizens of the capital can still have fun in front of the Brandenburg Gate in the rare bright autumn sunshine.

(5) National Day's long history and splendid culture

Nigeria's National Independence Day is celebrated on October 1st. It is the oldest and most populous country in Africa, with a long history of more than a thousand years and splendid national culture. In the past one hundred years, Nigeria has been a British colony, the economy is quite backward, and the people live in poverty. After a long and heroic struggle, the Nigerian people finally won national independence on October 1, 1960

6, National Day patriotic education materials

The Chinese People's Republic of China

The Chinese People's Republic of China

The Chinese People's Republic of China

The national flag of the Chinese People's Republic of China

The flag of the Chinese People's Republic of China

The Chinese People's Republic of China

The national flag is red to symbolize the revolution. The five five-pointed stars on the flag and their relationship to each other symbolize the unity of the revolutionary people under the leadership of the ****anufacturing party. The star is yellow in order to show the light on the red ground, and each of the four small five-pointed stars has a corner facing the center point of the big star, indicating unity around a center.

June 28, 1990, the seventh session of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress adopted at its fourteenth meeting of the "Chinese people's *** and the flag of the country law". The law came into force on October 1 of that year.

The Birth of the National Flag

On June 16, 1949, the Preparatory Committee for the new CPPCC decided to set up a committee for the preliminary selection of designs for the national flag and the national emblem, and from July 14 to August 15 of the same year, it published a call for submissions in the People's Daily and other newspapers.

During the First Plenary Session of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) in September 1949, the Committee for the Preliminary Selection of the National Flag and National Emblem chose 38 out of the 3,012 designs it had received for publication and discussion among all the representatives. Discussion. After all the delegates discussed in groups, Chairman Mao Zedong convened a consultative forum on the national flag, national emblem, national anthem, chronicle and national capital on the evening of September 25th. On the question of the national flag, Chairman Mao Zedong pointed out that the design of the five-star red flag symbolized the great unity of our revolutionary people. We need great unity now, and we will need great unity in the future, therefore, now or in the future, it is unity and revolution again.

September 27, 1949, the first plenary session of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference of all the delegates adopted a resolution, selected by Zeng Liansong design of the five-starred red flag for the People's Republic of China * * * and the national flag. The resolution stated, "The national flag of the People's Republic of China*** and the State of China is the five-star flag on a red ground, symbolizing the great unity of the revolutionary people of China."

Replacement of the flagpole

The flagpole erected in Tiananmen Square was replaced once.

The first flagpole was the one used by Chairman Mao to raise the flag at the 1949 Founding Ceremony, which was 22 meters high.

The flagpole was rebuilt on May 1, 1991, at a height of 32.6 meters. The replacement of the flagpole was based on two considerations: first, the flagpole, which had stood for 42 years, was indeed a bit old; and second, Tiananmen Square and Chang'an Street had undergone great changes, with the construction of the magnificent Great Hall of the People, the Museum of History and Chairman Mao's Memorial Hall, and the height of the flagpole had been significantly lower than it should have been.

The altered base of the flagpole is quite sophisticated, *** divided into three layers: the inner layer is surrounded by 80 cm high alabaster railings, east and west sides each have a 2-meter-wide access channel; the second layer is more than 2-meter-wide ochre-colored granite band around the base, symbolizing the "people's rivers and mountains of ten thousand generations of red"; the third layer of the 5-meter-wide green belt, evergreen, symbolizing the socialist motherland, the flagpole has been built. The third layer is a 5-meter-wide green belt, evergreen in all seasons, symbolizing the thriving socialist motherland. Flag base is surrounded by 56 yellow copper pier connected to the fence, symbolizing the 56 nationalities hand in hand heart to heart, united under the flag.

Raising and lowering the national flag

The National Flag Law, adopted in 1990, stipulates that when the flag is raised, it must be raised to the top of the pole; and when it is lowered, the flag must not be brought to the ground. For this reason, the flag guards have practiced excellent flag collection action when lowering the flag: when the flag is lowered to the base of the flagpole in 2 minutes and 07 seconds, a soldier quickly holds the flag with both hands, while another soldier then evenly strikes the flag into a folded shape, an action that is accurate between 13 and 15 handles.

Replacing the flag

The Flag Law, adopted in 1990, stipulates that no flag shall be hoisted that is torn, defaced, faded or out of shape. To ensure the sanctity and integrity of the flag, the flag over Tiananmen Square is basically replaced every day. On every major holiday, the flag must be replaced with a new one. Even if the flag is not damaged, it cannot be hung for more than 10 days at the longest.

The National Emblem of the People's Republic of China

The National Emblem of the People's Republic of China consists of the National Flag, the Gate of Heavenly Peace, a gear wheel and an ear of wheat and rice, symbolizing the Chinese people's struggle for a new democratic revolution and the birth of the people's democratic dictatorship of the new China based on the alliance of the workers and peasants, which is led by the working class, since the May Fourth Movement. The birth of a new China based on the alliance of workers and peasants.

On March 2, 1991, the 18th meeting of the Standing Committee of the Seventh National People's Congress passed the Law of the People's Republic of China on the National Emblem, which came into effect on October 1, 1991....

The Birth of the National Emblem

On June 16, 1949, Zhou Enlai presided over the first meeting of the Standing Committee of the Preparatory Committee for the new CPPCC and decided to set up six working groups under the leadership of the Standing Committee. The task of the 6th group is to study the drafting of the national flag, national emblem, national anthem, chronicle, the national capital and other programs, Ma Shulun, deputy head of Ye Jianying, Shen Yanbing as head

July 10, 1949, the Preparatory Committee for the new CPPCC to prepare the "request for the flag and national emblem pattern and national anthem rhetoric spectrum of the enlightenment", on the design of the national emblem puts forward the following requirements: "(a) the characteristics of China; (b) the characteristics of the regime; (c) the form of the requirements of the national emblem. (a) Chinese characteristics; (b) regime characteristics; (c) the form must be solemn and rich." On September 25, Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai held a meeting in Fengze Garden, Zhongnanhai, to consult on the national flag, national emblem, national anthem and other issues. At this meeting, everyone was dissatisfied with the draft of the national emblem should be drafted. Mao Zedong finally said: the national flag decided, whether the national emblem can be slower to decide, the original group continues to design, and so on the future to the government to decide. September 27, the new CPPCC held the first plenary session of the discussion and adoption of the flag, the national capital, the epoch, the national anthem, four resolutions. The Bureau of the Congress decided to invite experts to design the national emblem separately. Tsinghua University and the Central Academy of Fine Arts received the CPPCC's invitation, respectively, formed by the architect Liang Sicheng, Lin Huiyin, led by the Tsinghua University Department of Architecture design group and the Central Academy of Fine Arts design group headed by the artist Zhang Ding, design competition.

June 20, 1950, the national emblem review group held a meeting, the last evaluation of the Tsinghua University Department of Construction and the Central Academy of Fine Arts respectively proposed program, finally determined that the Tsinghua University Department of Construction Liang Sicheng, Lin Huiyin and other eight teachers designed the national emblem program selected, and sent to the CPPCC General Assembly vote. Since then, according to Premier Zhou Enlai's opinion, improved the national emblem of rice ears fine image.

On June 23, 1950, at the second plenary session of the first session of the CPPCC National Committee, Chairman Mao Zedong presided over the adoption of a resolution agreeing to the report of the emblem review group and the proposed pattern of the national emblem.

On September 20, Chairman Mao Zedong signed a decree of the Central People's Government announcing the pattern of the national emblem of the Chinese People's Republic of China and the description of the emblem, which reads: "The emblem is composed of the national flag, Tiananmen Square , gears and ears of wheat and rice, symbolizing the Chinese people's struggle for a new democratic revolution since the 'May Fourth' movement and the birth of a new China under the leadership of the working class and based on the alliance of the workers and peasants as the people's democratic dictatorship." In the second half of 1950, the Central People's Government gave the task of making the national emblem to the Shenyang First Machine Tool Factory. on May 1, 1951, by the Shenyang First Machine Tool Factory young workers Jiao Baishun, Pei Qingjiang, Zhu Fengyi casting out of China's first metal national emblem formally hung in Tiananmen Square

The birth of the national anthem

On the eve of the founding of the new China, the People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) held meetings to discuss the national anthem. . The famous painter Xu Beihong and the famous architect Liang Sicheng recommended the March of the Volunteers as the national anthem. Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai immediately expressed their support. However, some people thought that the new China was about to be founded and the lyrics of the song, "The Chinese nation has reached the most dangerous time", were outdated and advocated changing the words. Zhou Enlai took the floor and reminded us all to be vigilant in peace and not to forget danger, leaving these words as a warning bell ringing in our ears.

Nie Er (1912-1935), the first plenary session of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), passed a resolution on September 27, 1949, to adopt the "March of the Volunteer Army" as the national anthem before the Chinese People's Republic of China's anthem was formally enacted.

Born of the "March of the Volunteer Army," Nie Er was born. The March of the Volunteer Army was born in 1935, with lyrics by playwright Tian Han and music by Nie Er, the founder of China's new music movement. The song was originally the theme song of the movie Sons and Daughters of the Wind and Cloud. The movie "Sons and Daughters of the Wind and Clouds" depicts that after "September 18th", the Japanese imperialists invaded the three eastern provinces of China, the Chinese nation was in a critical situation of survival, under the reactionary rule of the Kuomintang, some intellectuals bravely went to the front line of the resistance against the Japanese from bitterness and uncertainty. Tian Han was arrested by the reactionaries after he finished writing the story of this movie, the theme lyrics of which were written on a tin foil liner for cigarettes. Nie Er took the initiative to take the lyrics and finished the first draft of the song score before he left for Japan, and soon after he arrived in Japan, he sent back the entire song score. The song was shown with the movie, and even more so because of the salvation movement, it spread to every corner of the country, and was known as the clarion call for the liberation of the Chinese nation.

During the Cultural Revolution, the lyrics of the song were not allowed to be sung because of Tian Han's suppression, and the National Anthem could only be played by the orchestra.

On March 5, 1978, the first meeting of the Fifth National People's Congress adopted the new lyrics of "March of the Volunteer Army," a new anthem for the Chinese People's Liberation Army, which is the most popular anthem in China. After the lyrics of the National Anthem were changed, there had been disagreement on this in various quarters, which demanded that the original lyrics of the National Anthem be restored. It was not until December 4, 1982, that the Fifth Session of the Fifth National People's Congress passed a resolution on the national anthem of the People's Republic of China, revoking the new lyrics adopted by the National People's Congress on March 5, 1978, and restoring the "March of the Volunteer Army," which was written by Tian Han and composed by Nie Er, as the national anthem of the People's Republic of China.On March 14, 2004, the second meeting of the Tenth National People's Congress adopted Amendment to the Constitution, stipulating that "the national anthem of the People's Republic of China is the March of the Volunteers."