Seek the source of the following festivals

Spring Festival is a traditional festival for people of all ethnic groups in China. /kloc-More than 0/00 years ago, the folk artist Bai wrote in his music book: "In the first month, every family celebrates the New Year, the Lantern Festival lights up, the full moon is full, flower boxes are everywhere, and firecrackers are everywhere, making people parade." This is a vivid portrayal of the first Spring Festival in history.

According to legend, this festival was held during the Yao and Shun period in China. There are also records about the Spring Festival in Oracle bone inscriptions in Shang Dynasty, and there is a custom of celebrating the Spring Festival at the beginning of the year. However, the calendar at that time was based on "observing time", and it is still difficult to determine whether it is accurate. By 65438 BC+004 BC, the first year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the people of China had created the "taichu calendar", which clearly defined the first month of the lunar calendar as the beginning of a year. Since then, the custom of the Lunar New Year has spread for more than two thousand years. It was not until the founding of New China that this festival was changed to Spring Festival.

2. Lantern Festival

The 15th day of the first lunar month is the traditional Lantern Festival in China. The first month is January, and the ancients called the night "Xiao". The fifteenth day is the first full moon night in a year, so the fifteenth day of the first month is called the Lantern Festival. Also known as "Shangyuan Festival". According to the folk tradition in China, the moon is high in the sky and there are 10,000 lanterns on the ground on the festival night of Spring Festival, so people can watch lanterns, solve riddles on the lanterns, eat Yuanxiao and have family reunion.

Lantern Festival originated in the Han Dynasty, and it is said that it was set up to commemorate Pinglu during the reign of Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty. After the death of Emperor Liu Ying of the Han Dynasty, Lv Hou usurped power, and the Lushi family dominated the state affairs. After Lv Hou's death, Zhou Bo, Chen Ping and others eliminated the influence of Lv Hou and established Liu Heng as the emperor of China. Because the day to calm Zhu Lu is the fifteenth day of the first month, after that, every year on the fifteenth night of the first month, Wendi will go out of the palace in disguise and have fun with the people as a souvenir. The fifteenth day of the first month is designated as the Lantern Festival. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the sacrificial activities of "Taiyi God" were held on the 15th day of the first month. Sima Qian listed the Lantern Festival as a major festival in taichu calendar law.

3. Tomb-Sweeping Day

"Fifteen days after the vernal equinox, the bucket refers to Ding, which is used for Qingming. When everything is clean and bright, everything is clean and bright when it is covered, hence the name." Among the 24 solar terms in a year, people pay special attention to Tomb-Sweeping Day on April 5th.

The custom of sweeping graves and offering sacrifices in Tomb-Sweeping Day was inherited from the Han Dynasty. After that, the popularity of the people lasted for two thousand years. On this day, filial children and grandchildren of every family will go to the suburbs to worship their ancestral graves, cut graves, add soil to the graves, and clean them up. In modern times, filial sons and grandsons may not necessarily observe Tomb-Sweeping Day's visit to Tomb-Sweeping Day on this day. Some will pay homage a few days before the festival, and some will pay homage a few days after the festival, but generally speaking, it is just Tomb-Sweeping Day's grave-sweeping.

4. Dragon Boat Festival

Dragon Boat Festival is an ancient traditional festival in China. On the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, people will hold dragon boat races on rivers, lakes and oceans, eat zongzi, wear sachets, have an outing and collect mugwort. These activities have become an eternal custom, which has continued since ancient times.

When it comes to the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival, people will first think of the patriotic poet Qu Yuan. According to legend, during the Warring States Period, King Xiang of Chu favored traitors and was dismissed from his post and exiled for being outspoken. Qin took the opportunity to attack Chu, and the territory of Chu was destroyed. Seeing the destruction of the country and the displacement of the people, Qu Yuan was determined to serve the country and was powerless to return to heaven. In a rage, Qu Yuan threw himself into Luojiang with a boulder. When the local people heard that Qu Yuan had jumped into the river, they came to the rescue. They chased down the river to Dongting Lake, but they didn't find Qu Yuan's body. The sight of a boat swimming around the lake is spectacular. This day is the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. Later, on this day, people will race dragon boats on the river to commemorate Qu Yuan. People also throw zongzi into the water just to feed ichthyosaurs, shrimps and crabs to prevent Qu Yuan's body from being swallowed.

5. Double Ninth Festival

Double Ninth Festival is also called Double Ninth Festival, September 9th, Rongyu Festival and Chrysanthemum Festival. Double Ninth Festival is an ancient celebration custom. In the Tang Dynasty, Chongyang was officially designated as a festival. In the Tang Dynasty, people had the custom of climbing mountains and inserting dogwood on the Double Ninth Festival.

The origin of the Double Ninth Festival can be traced back to the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Qu Yuan once wrote in "Travel Far": "Gather the people of Chongyang to celebrate the Emperor's Palace". In the Han Dynasty, the custom of Chongyang gradually became popular among the people. It is said that after killing Ai Feiwei, the wife of Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang, Jia, the maid-in-waiting of Lady Qi, was also expelled from the palace and married the poor. Legend has it: In the palace, on September 9th every year, people wear dogwood, eat lotus bait and drink chrysanthemum wine to live longer. As a result, the custom of Chongyang spread from the court to the people and gradually became popular.

6. Mid-Autumn Festival

The 15th day of the eighth lunar month is the traditional Mid-Autumn Festival in China and the second largest traditional festival in China after the Spring Festival. Also known as Mid-Autumn Festival, Reunion Festival and August Festival. It is a traditional festival of Han nationality and most ethnic minorities in China, and it is also popular in neighboring countries such as Korea, Japan and Vietnam. Because autumn (referring to the lunar calendar) is in July, August and September, August is in the middle of the year, and August 30th is in the middle of the year, it is called Mid-Autumn Festival. So there are more people in the sky than family reunion at night, so it is also called reunion festival.

The Mid-Autumn Festival originated from the story of the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon. According to historical records: "Yesterday, Chang 'e took the medicine of the Queen Mother of the West to live forever, so she went to the moon with the essence of the moon. "Chang 'e paid hard labor for this move, and she can't return to the world for life. Li Bai was very sad for this, and wrote a poem: "The white rabbit pounded medicine in autumn, and came back to life in spring. Who is the female neighbor? " Although Chang 'e herself feels good about the Moon Palace, she can't bear loneliness. She returns to Earth to reunite with her husband all night on August 15 every year, but she must return to the Moon Palace before dawn. After the Mid-Autumn Festival, the world not only wants to get together with Chang 'e on the moon, but also hopes that Chang 'e can come down to see her beauty. Therefore, when many people burn incense in Yue Bai, they pray that "men want to go to themoon early and climb the fairy laurel;" Women want to look like Chang 'e and round like the bright moon. "Year after year, people celebrate this day as a festival.

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Emei Mountain is half moon and autumn, and the shadow people are flat on the Qiang River.

Qingxi went to the Three Gorges in the evening, but I missed Yuzhou.

Early in the morning, I bid farewell to Jiangling city, which is high into the sky, thousands of miles away, and the boat is only one day away.

Two rock apes can't stop crying, and the canoe has passed Chung Shan Man.

The wind is fast and high, the ape cries sadly, and the birds are circling in the white sand.

The endless trees are rustling leaves, and the Yangtze River is rolling unpredictably.

Li in the sad autumn scenery, a wanderer all the year round, lives alone on the high platform in today's illness.

After all the hardships and hatred, the white hair is full, and the wine glasses are damaged.

East of China and Pakistan is Dongshan Mountain, through which the river flows.

Baidigao is a town of Three Gorges, and Qutang has passed a hundred prisons.

Kuizhou is a virgin with half a flower and 450 without a husband's family.

What's more, I was married and didn't sell it. I hated it for a long time.

The wind sat and men and women stood, and men went in and out as gateway women.

Nine times out of ten, the salary will be negative, and the money sold will be supplied.

To the old couple, the neck is drooping, and the wild flowers are mixed with Shan Ye leaves and silver.

Strive to climb the dangerous market gate and shoot the salt well for life and death.

Face makeup starts with hunger and tears, and lichen cold sleepy Shi Gen.

If Wushan women are ugly, there is Zhaojun Village in the north of Hede.

The raging waves ran eastward, and the rolling Yangtze River was gone forever.

Li Daoyuan Shaoling is too white, and the Three Gorges landscape has been handed down from generation to generation.

Revive China's billion ambitions and enjoy oranges all over the mountain bay.

Ren Zhong knows that the road is farther and rejuvenating the country is shoulder to shoulder.

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The origin of the strange natural scenery in the canyon gave them the answer. But at that time, people's knowledge level was limited, and it was difficult to make a scientific explanation. However, they put everything on God or God-man with rich imagination, and imagined everything as the result of some supernatural power. The legend of "Dayu controlling water and dredging the Three Gorges" is the representative of the myths and legends of the Three Gorges.

According to legend, there was a serious flood in China five or six thousand years ago. The flood surrounded the mountains and flooded the plains. The land was Wang Yang, so people had to live in caves or build nests in trees.

At that time, it was the era of primitive tribal alliance, and Yao, the leader of tribal alliance, sent guns to control water. For 9 years, he used the method of blocking the waterway with water. As a result, the water was blocked higher and higher, the dam burst, the flood flooded again, and the water control by cannon ended in failure. Yao succeeded, and Shun sent Yu, the son of Gun, to continue water control, and sent Qi, the ancestor of Shang Dynasty, Hou Ji, the ancestor of Zhou Dynasty and others to help him.

As a legend, Yu's life experience has been inconclusive. Some people say that he is a native of Tushan, Anhui Province, and others say that he is a stone cow from Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province (that is, the west of Wenchuan County today). Yu summed up the lessons of his father's failure in water control and led the people to dredge rivers, build ditches and develop agriculture. Later generations recorded that Yu's flood control began in Minjiang River. He dredged the Minjiang River in Tiebaoling, Wenshan County, and then cut the throat of Jintang. "Shangshu Gong Yu" said that "the Minjiang River is guided by Minshan Mountain, and the east is a Tuo", that is, the Minjiang River is divided into Tuojiang River, which flows into the Yangtze River in Lu Xian County, thus reducing the flood entering the Chengdu Plain.

After the renovation of Mianjiang River, Yu went downstream to Jiangzhou (now Chongqing), married Tu Shanshi and gave birth to a son named Qi. "Fu Guishi" or "Wang Fushi" on the south bank of the Yangtze River in Chaotianmen, Chongqing, is still telling people many touching stories about the relationship between Dayu and Tu Shanshi.

From Jiangzhou East to the Three Gorges, dredging of the Three Gorges began. Guo Pu's Fu Jiang in the Jin Dynasty said: "The book" Huainanzi Xiuwu "refers to the gorge of Badong, which is based on" setting Wushan Mountain to make Jiangdong flow ",that is, cutting off Wushan Mountain that blocks the river and making the water of the Yangtze River flow eastward smoothly. Then, he dug Qutang Gorge to connect with the river, and opened a "Duanjiang Gorge" in Xiling Gorge (see Water Classic Notes on the River), which finally enabled the Yangtze River to pass through the Three Gorges smoothly and flow eastward into the sea, thus relieving the threat of floods to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and the upper Sichuan Basin eventually became a granary, known as the "land of abundance".

Legend has it that when Yu dredged the Three Gorges, he also got help from the goddess Yao Ji. People say that the "dragon-locking column" and "dragon-cutting platform" in Daxi wide valley are the places where Yao Ji locked and cut dragons when he helped Yu Xia to control water and cut the gorge; The "Book Awarding Desk" in the martial arts is the place where Yao Ji awarded Dayu the yellow silk scroll for water control, and the goddess unwilling to return to heaven turned into a desirable goddess peak. Huangniu Gorge in Xiling Gorge is named after the magical cow left by the goddess to protect the Three Gorges.

With the help of the goddess, and with the concerted efforts of Yu and Qi Xin of various tribes, the Three Gorges was finally dug, and the rivers were unblocked, the water flowed into the sea, and the lakes were dredged, so it was possible to cultivate and store energy. Yu was so busy during the flood control period of 13 that he didn't enter the house three times. Because of Yu's contribution to water control, Shun recommended Yu as his heir and the leader of the tribal alliance. Later generations called Yu "Dayu"-the great Yu.

Most ancient people believed the legend that Dayu dredged the Three Gorges. This can not only be proved from various literature records, but also be eulogized by poets with hymns. Du Fu's poem "Qutang Nostalgia" said: "Although it is beautiful, Tao Jun is powerful." Ouyang Xiu, who was appointed as the magistrate of Yiling County, only believed in the pioneering work and did not believe in the saying that the ox carved the gorge, so he renamed the "ox temple" as "Huangling temple" and the ox god enshrined in the temple was changed to Wang. Fan Chengda's poem "Entering the Wuxia Gorge for the First time" ends with a sigh, which is twice as big as God: "Greatness, the trace of God has chiseled this mountain and river!"

However, myth can't replace science after all. The legend of Dayu and the goddess digging the Three Gorges can only be a beautiful imagination. If we really want to understand the reasons for the formation of the Three Gorges, we have to temporarily return to that long and turbulent geological history.