Present situation of noise pollution in China and its control countermeasures?

The following is the current situation of noise pollution in China brought by Zhong Da Consulting and the relevant contents of prevention and control countermeasures for your reference.

Noise pollution is a kind of environmental pollution, a product of modernization and economic development, and has become the fourth largest pollution after "three wastes". Noise pollution will cause serious adverse effects on people's physical and mental health. It has become a top priority to prevent noise pollution and provide a suitable sound environment for people to work, study and rest.

First, the source of noise pollution

Traffic noise, industrial noise, construction noise and social life noise are the main sources of noise pollution.

Traffic noise mainly comes from the sounds made by cars, trains, ships, planes and other vehicles. Due to the sharp increase in the number of motor vehicles in recent ten years, the sound of horns, engines and brakes during the driving process of motor vehicles seriously affects the work and rest of people around the road. Because the buzz of ships, trains and planes can reach more than 100 decibel, it will have a serious impact on the residents in Yanbian area.

Industrial noise mainly refers to the sound produced by various equipment in the factory during operation. Such as grinding machines, cutting machines, diesel engines, machine tools, etc. Bad sound environment will reduce workers' work efficiency and even affect their health. If it is not managed in order to save costs, it will inevitably have an adverse impact on the long-term development of enterprises.

Construction noise comes from the noise generated by construction machinery. Construction noise is mainly concentrated in the urban development center. Take Wuhan as an example. In recent years, Wuhan has developed rapidly. More than 5000 construction sites are under construction at the same time, all over the city. The sound of mechanical impact such as pile hammer and hammer drill is endless, which seriously affects people's production and life.

Social noise is more common in people's social activities, as well as the sound made by household appliances and audio equipment during use. Although the sound level of these devices is not high, because people are living next to each other now, their home activities can easily affect the study and rest of the surrounding residents.

Second, the harm of noise pollution

(A) hearing loss caused by noise

Scientific research has found that if people live or work in an environment of 85 decibels for a long time, about 10% people will be deaf. In the long-term noise environment of 95 decibels, this ratio will rise to 29%; When the noise is as high as 120 decibels, people's ears will feel sharp pain; Higher decibel noise will cause permanent damage to the sound-sensing cells in the cochlea.

(2) Noise makes work inefficient.

When the noise decibel value is low, it can promote the improvement of work efficiency to a certain extent, and has little effect on the physical and mental health of staff. However, when the noise level exceeds 85 decibels, workers will feel anxious and agitated, unable to concentrate, and work efficiency will be greatly reduced.

(3) Pathological changes of a series of physiological functions caused by noise.

Noise can cause diseases. Strong noise will make people arrhythmia, raise blood pressure, and increase the risk of myocardial infarction and hypertension; Causes endocrine dysfunction, such as hyperthyroidism and menstrual disorders. People who have been exposed to strong noise for a long time will have symptoms such as headache, dizziness, fatigue, irritability and memory loss. Frequent noise can also lead to miscarriage, premature delivery and even fetal malformation in pregnant women; Strong noise can cause gastrointestinal dysfunction, digestive dysfunction and other symptoms, leading to anorexia and nausea, and increase the incidence of gastrointestinal diseases.

Third, foreign urban noise pollution prevention and control system

The legislative control of noise sources in the United States adopts multi-track system. In addition to the special provisions of laws and regulations on noise control, noise sources are also controlled through traffic regulations, firecrackers, firecrackers and other regulations. For example, traffic laws in the United States prohibit vehicles from whistling in the street in the morning. If you whistle, it not only violates the noise regulations, but also violates the traffic regulations.

Because the noise of social life is more likely to affect people's study and rest, it is easy to cause neighborhood conflicts, which occur frequently but at an unspecified time, and it is difficult to obtain evidence. The noise prevention law of the United States has made a detailed division of this, making it more predictable and feasible to regulate the noise of social life. Such as radios, televisions, stereos, musical instruments and similar equipment and speakers; Cheering, shouting and selling telephone calls; Classification of animal or bird calls, etc. If the above noise is made within the specified time, it is a violation of the noise prevention law.

The measures to solve noise pollution in the United States have the characteristics of diversity. People who are polluted by noise can either directly sue the court according to laws and regulations, ask their neighbors to stop noise or reduce noise, and ask for money compensation, or ask the police to deal with it, or mediate through the agreement reached in the community statute. The Regulations on the Prevention and Control of Noise Pollution in Taiwan Province Province of China not only involves noise pollution from general sources, but also fully considers the special situation of people's livelihood customs.

Fourth, the status quo of China's noise pollution prevention and control system

(A) the status quo of legislation

Since the reform and opening up, China has continuously introduced and developed industrial equipment, the pace of urban construction has been accelerating, people's material living standards have been gradually improved, and new environmental pollution problems have also arisen. In view of this, China promulgated the Environmental Protection Law on 1979, which stipulated in principle the noise prevention in transportation, industry and urban areas, and then the National Bureau of Standards promulgated the Allowable Noise Standard for Motor Vehicles on 1979.

1992 "United Nations Conference on Environment and Development" first put forward the concept of environmental sustainable development. Driven by this concept, the construction of environmental protection law in China has entered a new era. The first Law on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Noise Pollution was officially promulgated in 1996. Subsequently, the national environmental protection department formulated corresponding environmental standards, and the departments of industry, transportation, railways and public security also formulated administrative regulations specifically for noise pollution prevention and control. Many provinces and cities have also promulgated local laws and regulations to prevent and control noise pollution. It changed the single pattern of special laws and regulations to prevent and control noise pollution, and realized the diversified pattern of preventing and controlling noise pollution.

(ii) Defects

Compared with the United States, the shortcomings of China's noise pollution prevention and control system are mainly reflected in the lack of clear and unified noise standards and imperfect legal liability mechanism. The Law on Prevention and Control of Environmental Noise only stipulates the concept and category of noise in principle, and punishes individuals and enterprises that produce noise pollution. The specific standards of noise pollution shall be submitted to departmental rules and local regulations. Due to the lack of unified and clear acoustic environment standards, the regulations of various departments and localities are chaotic. There is a phenomenon of multi-head management in the prevention and control of noise pollution by administrative organs. When citizens seek relief from administrative organs, they frequently shirk their responsibilities, which are not effectively implemented, and finally have to be resolved through litigation. In civil litigation, it is difficult to identify and determine the amount of compensation due to the lack of specific standards.

Five, improve the prevention and control measures of noise pollution in China.

(A) to strengthen public awareness of acoustic environmental protection

Sound environmental protection consciousness refers to people's understanding, experience and behavior tendency of sound environmental protection.

Only when people understand the relationship between people and acoustic environment and the importance and urgency of acoustic environmental protection will they form environmental awareness, that is, environmental awareness is the basis of environmental awareness.

According to the survey, people's existing awareness of environmental protection is quite limited. Although 6 1% people in the survey think that noise pollution is "very serious" and "relatively serious", these people generally think that noise pollution sources should be enterprises, construction sites, traffic and neighboring neighbors, and rarely pay attention to their obligations in acoustic environmental protection. Only 3 1% said yes to the question "Will you turn down the sound when watching TV at night?". Most people think that the responsibility of controlling noise pollution should be borne by the central and local governments.

It can be seen that people's awareness of acoustic environmental protection is still relatively weak at this stage. The most direct way to improve people's awareness of acoustic environmental protection is to spread it by news media. The national public environmental protection survey jointly conducted by the State Environmental Protection Administration and the Ministry of Education 1998 shows that 79% of the public obtain environmental protection information through the news media. In addition, school education can also have a positive impact on the formation of environmental awareness. According to the survey, young people under the age of 24 in the central city have much higher awareness of "environmental protection" than middle-aged and elderly people, and 70% of them come from school classrooms. Popularize the importance and urgency of acoustic environmental protection through various channels, improve people's environmental awareness, and then form an environmental awareness of actively reducing noise and maintaining the quality of acoustic environment.

(B) improve the legal regulation system of noise pollution

1. Improve noise pollution legislation

(1) added the regulation of low-frequency noise. According to China's "Urban Regional Environmental Noise Standard", the standard values of environmental noise in residential areas and rural residential areas are 55 decibels during the day and 45 decibels at night respectively; The noise standard values of commercial and industrial areas are 60 decibels during the day and 50 decibels at night, respectively. On both sides of the main traffic lines in the city, the equivalent noise value of noise during the day is 70 decibels, and it does not exceed 55 decibels at night. The relevant laws only stipulate the highest limit of noise value, but say nothing about low-frequency continuous noise. Compared with the occasional high-frequency noise that makes people suddenly feel uncomfortable, low-frequency persistent noise plays the role of invisible killer.

(2) Increase the crime of noise pollution. The revision of Article 338 of the Criminal Law Amendment (VIII) is enough to reflect people's attention to environmental protection today. Although acoustic environmental pollution is not like ordinary environmental pollution, it is difficult to restore the original state of the environment, but it will still cause potential or even great harm to human health. Under the traditional legal remedies, the victims can only compensate the damaged interests through civil and administrative remedies, but these means are not enough to punish those who deliberately violate the law or repeatedly commit crimes in order to obtain huge profits. The criminal law of many countries stipulates the crime of noise pollution. For example, Article 325 of the German Criminal Law stipulates that anyone who illegally creates noise that is harmful to the health of others or endangers the health of others can be sentenced to a maximum of five years' imprisonment, and anyone who negligently causes noise pollution shall be punished accordingly. Criminalizing "noise pollution" reflects our country's emphasis on controlling noise pollution, and at the same time, it makes the punishment of noise pollution have laws to follow, and gives play to the protective role of criminal law as the most severe punishment means to society. Therefore, it is suggested that the crime of noise pollution should be added after the crime of environmental pollution in Article 338 of the Criminal Law.

2. Improve the administrative law enforcement of noise pollution.

According to relevant laws and regulations, the Urban Management Comprehensive Law Enforcement Bureau is responsible for social life noise such as commercial activities to attract customers and construction noise such as decoration and decoration; Environmental protection bureau is responsible for industrial noise and noise generated by cultural and entertainment places; The public security department is responsible for the noise generated by organizing large-scale entertainment, assembly and other activities in urban areas, the noise that disturbs people from indoors and the noise generated by the use of broadcasting equipment; The traffic police department is responsible for road traffic noise.

Although the functions of noise management are clearly divided by administrative organs, the division of various types of noise management is overlapping and lacks publicity, which makes it difficult for the vast majority of the public to understand its authority. This makes people feel that many departments are in charge, but they don't know which department is in charge. It is suggested to establish a window external system similar to that in administrative licensing, that is, when there are multiple administrative organs managing different kinds of noise pollution, one administrative organ is determined to accept noise pollution complaints uniformly, and then the administrative organ will forward them according to its functions. This can not only solve the problem of unclear division of authority between the public and the administrative organs, but also prevent the administrative organs from shirking their inaction.

(3) Improve the noise control function of the government.

Establish an information disclosure system for noise pollution prevention and control

Information disclosure is a bridge between administrative organs and the public to establish mutual communication and trust, and it is also an effective legal measure to promote social harmony and protect citizens' right to know. Automatic noise detection devices are installed on the roadside in many urban centers in China, which can display the noise decibel value of local road sections at that time. This measure is an innovative measure for the prevention and control of urban noise pollution. It can not only provide information about noise pollution in this area to citizens and vehicles at any time, but also serve as an important reference for relevant departments to control noise pollution. However, the limitation of this measure is that all the measured noise data do not form a systematic network diagram for query, and the audience of information is limited to citizens near the noise detection equipment, and the way to receive information is limited to watching the roadside display screen.

In the construction of noise information disclosure system, Britain has launched an online service called "Noise Map". That is, the noise levels of enterprises, shopping malls, airports, highways and railways on the map are marked with different colors, and the highest noise pollution level is marked with deep red. Netizens only need to input the information of the area they need to query in the query column to know the noise pollution degree of this area. This can be a reference for citizens who are ready to travel, and it can also reflect the effect of noise pollution control in this area most intuitively. It is suggested that China vigorously promote the information disclosure project of "noise mapping", and install automatic noise detection devices in densely populated areas such as schools, squares and residential areas, so that these information can form a network and protect citizens' rights and interests more effectively.

2. The government actively participates in noise reduction.

It is an important social function of our government to ensure that citizens have a suitable living and working environment and promote the sustainable development of the economy through various means. Administrative organs should not only punish enterprises or individuals that cause noise pollution according to law, but also actively participate in noise control to reduce the impact of noise on citizens. At present, sound insulation boards have been widely used on both sides of light rail and urban express lanes in China. However, for the noise of social life and the noise of factories, little money is actively invested to control it. It is suggested that the relevant departments should strengthen the research investment in muffler equipment in order to improve people's living and working environment. In addition, noise-reducing and soundproof forest belts around the airport and tree planting on both sides of the street can not only absorb carbon dioxide, but also reduce noise.

For more information about project/service/procurement bidding, and to improve the winning rate, please click on the bottom of official website Customer Service for free consultation:/#/? source=bdzd