Who can tell me the historical evolution of Korea?

The Korean peninsula has been inhabited by humans since about 700,000 years ago. The bronze ware culture introduced about 3000 years ago is the origin of today's Korean Peninsula civilization.

Three Kingdoms Period (-676)

In 2333 BC, after Tan Jun and Wang Jian established ancient Korea, many tribal kingdoms were established from eastern China to the Korean Peninsula. Around 0/00 BC, Koguryo, Baekje and Silla stood on the peninsula. In 676 AD, Silla made Gyeongju its capital and unified the Three Kingdoms. Koguryo's descendants established the Bohai Kingdom in northeast Chinese mainland where Silla could not rule.

Bohai Sea and the Unified Silla (676-935)

In the mid-6th century, Silla Kingdom conquered the neighboring kingdom of Carthage (1 a group of city-states developed from the mid-6th century), and formed a military alliance with China and the Tang Dynasty, thus conquering Goguryeo and Baekje Kingdom. When China revealed later in the Tang Dynasty that Goguryeo and Baekje were to be incorporated into its imperial territory, Silla resisted by force.

In 676 AD, Silla expelled China people from the Korean Peninsula. Later, the former Koguryo people living in south-central Manchuria established the Bohai Kingdom in 698.

There are not only Koguryo people in Bohai, but also many Mahas. According to the administrative structure of Koguryo Kingdom, Bohai State established a regime system of five capitals. Bohai has an advanced culture derived from Koguryo culture.

In the first half of the 9th century, the prosperity and strength of Bohai reached its peak. It occupied a vast area from amur river in the north to Kaiyuan in the south of Manchuria in the west, and established diplomatic relations with Turks and Japanese. In 926 AD, Bohai Kingdom was destroyed by the Khitans, and many people of its ruling class (mostly Koguryo people) moved south to join the newly established kingdom of Korea.

Silla unified the Korean peninsula in 668 AD and reached the peak of prosperity in the middle of the 8th century. Silla has always wanted to establish an ideal Buddhist country, and Buddhist temples were established during the period of unifying Silla. However, due to the princes and nobles indulging in comfortable and luxurious life, the worship of Buddhism in the kingdom began to decline. In addition, there were conflicts between nobles, and some rebel leaders claimed the right to rule the occupied Koguryo and Baekje. In 935 AD, King Silla formally surrendered to the newly established Koryo dynasty.

Korea Times (9 18- 1392)

Although the Korean peninsula is frequently invaded by foreign countries, it has been ruled by a single government since the reunification of Silla in 668, maintaining political independence, culture and national traditions. The Koryo Dynasty (9 18- 1392) and the Koryo Dynasty (1392- 19 10) both consolidated political power, developed culture and expelled the Khitan, Mongolian and Japanese nationalities. Wang Jian, the founding monarch of the Koryo dynasty, was a general under a rebellious prince in Silla. He chose his hometown of Song Yue (now Kaicheng) as the capital, and claimed to recover Koguryo's lost land in Le Lang. He named his kingdom Koryo, hence the name of Korea. Although in the end, the Korean and Korean dynasties could not realize the heart of regaining lost ground. But it has made brilliant cultural achievements, and its invention of celadon and prosperous Buddhism are widely known. Equally important, as early as 1234, that is, two centuries before Gutenberg, Koreans invented the earliest metal movable type printing in the world. Around this period, Korean craftsmen also completed the arduous task of carving all Buddhist scriptures on large wooden blocks.

There are as many as 80 thousand pieces of wood engraved with Buddhist scriptures, with the aim of praying for Buddha's blessing to repel the Mongolian invasion. These woodcut prints, known as the Koryo Tripitaka, are now collected in the historic Haiyin Temple.

At the end of the Korean dynasty, the conflict between local doctors and warriors and the struggle between Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism led to the decline of the Korean dynasty. Mongols invaded Korea in 123 1 year. Although the Korean people fought bravely against the Mongols, Korea remained a vassal state of Mongolia for nearly a century.

Korean era (1392- 19 10)

1392, General Li Chengjia established a new dynasty-Korea. In order to offset the dominant influence of Buddhism in the Korean era, the early rulers of South Korea replaced Buddhism with Confucianism.

North Korean rulers govern the country with a mature and steady political system of the golden mean, and the imperial examination system is the main way to choose officials. During this period, imperial examinations became an important factor in social movements and cultural activities. At that time, society attached great importance to the study of knowledge and despised industry and commerce.

During the reign of the fourth generation of Wang Shizong in North Korea (14 18- 1450), the country's culture and art flourished unprecedentedly. At the initiative of King Sejong, scholars from royal academic institutions created the Korean character "Training Andrew".

King Sejong attached great importance to astronomy. Sundial, water leakage, astronomical chart and celestial globe were all created with his encouragement. Later, he passed the throne to his son Wenzong (1450- 1452 reigned). 1452 Wenzong died, and the prince who was only 1 1 years old succeeded to the throne.

1455, the uncle of Duanzong, Shouyang Dajun, usurped the young king's throne and became the King of Sai-jo (1455- 1468). He improved his dominant position by advocating Confucianism. Since then, Confucianism has dominated the Korean way of life.

1592, Japan invaded Korea and prepared to launch a war of aggression against China. At sea, General Li Shunchen (1545- 1598), one of the most respected figures in Korean history, commanded the "Turtle Boat" to fight against the Japanese army and won a series of brilliant victories. This "turtle ship" is considered to be the earliest armored warship in the world.

On land, the armies of peasants and monks who volunteered to fight in the war also heroically killed the enemy. 1598, with the death of Japanese warlord Toyotomi Hideyoshi, the Japanese army began to retreat and the war finally ended. But this war left disastrous consequences for Korea and China in the Ming Dynasty. During the war, a large number of Korean craftsmen, including ceramic craftsmen, were robbed to Japan.

/kloc-At the beginning of the 7th century, the "practical learning" movement in South Korea began to prevail among enlightened literati. They want to build a modern country through practical study.

They strongly suggest improving industry and agriculture, and advocate a drastic reform of the land distribution system. Unfortunately, conservative aristocratic rulers are not ready to adapt to this great change.

In the late Korean dynasty, the conflict between the government and the upper class continued. In order to correct this bad political situation, South Korea's Yingzu (reigning 1724- 1776) adopted an impartial strategy, successfully consolidated the imperial power and achieved political stability.

Zheng Zu (1776- 1800) continued to implement the policy of the golden mean after he ascended the throne, and established the Wang family library to collect Wang's documents and records. He also promoted a series of other political and cultural reforms. During this period, the "practical learning" movement flourished. Some outstanding scholars have written many articles about industrial and agricultural reform, but the government has not adopted their suggestions.

Japanese aggression and independence movement (19 10- 1945)

/kloc-In the 20th century, South Korea remained "closed to the outside world" and resolutely opposed the establishment of diplomatic relations and trade with the West. Since then, some Asian and European countries with imperialist ambitions have competed to exert influence on the Korean Peninsula. 19 10, Japan occupied Korea and began colonial rule.

Japanese colonial rule inspired the patriotism of the Korean people. The assimilation policy that the Japanese even banned Koreans from teaching in Korean in schools angered Korean intellectuals. 1 965438+In March 20091day, Koreans held nationwide protests, and thousands of people died.

Although the "March 1 independence movement" failed, it strengthened the unity of the Korean nation and inspired the spirit of patriotism. This movement led to the establishment of the interim Korean government in China and the organized armed struggle against Japanese colonists in Manchuria. The Korean people still commemorate the "March 1 independence movement" every year and make it a national holiday.

1945 Before Japan was defeated in World War II, the Korean people lived a miserable life under Japanese colonial rule. During the colonial rule, Japanese rulers plundered South Korea and its people economically. While Japan became rich by the wealth plundered from South Korea, the living standards of the Korean people deteriorated day by day.

The Birth of the Republic of Korea (1945)

The Korean people rejoiced at the defeat of the Japanese in World War II, but they were not happy for long. The recovery did not bring about the national independence that the Korean people bravely fought for.

On the contrary, a divided country with ideological conflicts has emerged. The American occupation of the southern part of the Korean peninsula and the Soviet occupation of the northern part of the Korean peninsula made the Korean people's efforts to establish an independent government go to waste. In June 1947+0 1, the United Nations General Assembly passed a resolution demanding that South Korea hold general elections under the supervision of a United Nations committee.

However, the Soviet Union refused to implement United Nations resolutions and refused to allow the United Nations Commission to enter northern Korea. Therefore, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a new resolution calling for holding elections where the committee can reach. South Korea's first election was held in May 1948, south of the 38th parallel. This line eventually divides the Korean peninsula into two parts: north and south.

From 65438 to 0948, Li Chengwan was elected as the first president of the Republic of Korea. At the same time, North Korea established the * * * production party regime under the leadership of the late Stalinist dictator Kim Il Sung.

Under the leadership of the Li Chengwan administration, South Korea continues to face serious social unrest. At that time, South Korea's democratic system was not yet mature, and the country experienced great hardships. President Lee stepped down in April 196O. 1960 In August, the Democratic Party established the Second Republic, marking the beginning of Zhang Mian's administration.

However, the life span of this government is not long. 196 1 in may, park chung-hee launched a military coup. The National Reconstruction Summit led by park chung-hee took over the legislative, executive and judicial power of the government.

The rapid social and economic changes have made President park chung-hee choose the road of establishing a strong centralized government. The goal of park chung-hee government is to realize the historical task of political stability and national rejuvenation through social and economic progress under the strong leadership of the President. At that time, park chung-hee led the economic development known as the "miracle of the Hanjiang River".

1979+00 After the assassination of President Park in June, there was a martial law transition period headed by President Cui Guixia. President Cui resigned in August 1980. Quan Douhuan was elected president by the National Assembly (Electoral College) on August 1980. In the presidential elections of 1987 and 12, Lu Taiyu was elected president. Quan Doo-hwan and Lu Taiyu are both presidents from general background.

During Lu Taiyu's administration, South Korea's democracy developed by leaps and bounds, which laid the foundation for the election of the first non-military president in 32 years. Jin Yongsan was elected president on 1992. He called his government "civilian government".

1997 12, Kim Dae-jung, Speaker of the New Political National Assembly (NCNP), the largest opposition party in South Korea, was elected president. /kloc-0 was sworn in on February 25th, 998. Kim Dae-jung called his government the National Government. This is the first government in the history of Korean constitutionalism that was produced by the peaceful transfer of power from the ruling party to the opposition party.

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