Courseware "Beautiful Bridge", the first volume of junior two Chinese [three pieces]

Teaching material analysis's essay, involving painting and life, is an intriguing essay with rich meanings, vivid descriptions and many novelties, which is suitable for appreciative reading. Reading aloud runs through the aesthetic education of grasping the text, appreciating the beauty of the text, exploring the meaning of the text and infiltrating the truth.

Student analysis

Because this article involves some knowledge of painting, some sentences are not in line with the routine, and students may not understand it very well. In addition, this unit is mostly descriptive, and this article is descriptive, so students will have some doubts about the style, so they should explain more in class.

Teaching objectives

1, knowledge target:

Understand why the author likes bridges. Taste the beautiful and meaningful language in this article.

2, emotional goals:

Train students to face the storm of life and be optimistic about life.

3, ability goal:

Cultivate students' ability to appreciate and discover beauty.

Emphasis and difficulty in teaching

Taste the language of this article. Understand the author's aesthetics.

teaching process

First, the introduction of new courses.

Draw a circle on the blackboard and ask the students to say, what can you imagine from this circle? Introduction: Different people have different attitudes towards different things. They are both circles and trees, and the painter thinks of its beauty. What the businessman sees is how much it can sell; What kind of furniture can a carpenter see? A bug saw its smell. As a bridge, what ordinary people see is that it provides convenience for people to travel; As a bridge expert, Mao Yisheng saw its characteristics and position in bridge construction. What would the painter think? Let's read The Beauty of the Bridge and see what the painter Wu Guanzhong thinks of the bridge.

Show thinking questions:

1. What is the main content of this text?

2. Where is the beauty of the bridge in the author's eyes? With "the beauty of the bridge lies in beauty." Answer the sentence.

Teacher's guidance: After reading the second paragraph, I found that the beauty of the bridge lies in the formal beauty of painting. )

Qing: the beauty of the bridge lies in the special feeling brought by the combination of stone bridge and dense reed; The beauty lies in the moving scenery created by the cooperation between Shiqiao and Xiaoliu; Beauty breaks the monotony of the background in the long bridge and is full of aura and life; Beauty lies in the unique form of wind and rain bridge; The beauty is that it can form a rich picture by overlapping and interleaving images; The beauty lies in its cooperation with the water waves under the bridge, composing music with shapes and colors; In short, the beauty of the bridge lies in its harmony, setting off and echoing the surrounding scenery, and paying attention to the collocation of points, lines and surfaces; It is in harmony with the surrounding scenery; Bridge beauty has different aesthetic effects in different environments.

3. What examples did the author give to illustrate the beauty of this bridge? Four.

4. Which sentence is the central sentence of the article? (It is estimated that there are more than two answers, so the teacher should comment appropriately. )

5. Read your favorite sentence and tell me why. Teachers should guide students to pay attention to the linguistic beauty of articles.

6. What's the difference between this article about bridges and Chinese stone arch bridges?

7. Can you describe the most beautiful bridge you have ever seen?

The last question is an open question. Students can say as much as they can, and teachers can't force them.

This article is an explanatory one. In fact, the beauty of the bridge can also be regarded as the beauty of life. Isolated and monotonous things can hardly constitute beauty, and life is cherished by people because of its ups and downs, which may be the universal enlightenment we can get from it.

Chapter 2 1, master the syllabus of teaching materials.

(A) the status and role of teaching materials

The texts in Unit 3 of Grade 8 of junior middle school Chinese are all related to architectural gardens and places of interest. The purpose is to make students master the related knowledge of expository essays and essays, broaden their horizons, improve their aesthetic taste, thinking quality and cultural taste, and stimulate their pride in the motherland's culture by learning these texts which show the people's creative wisdom and contain rich cultural connotations.

Beauty of the Bridge is a self-reading text, which is located after reading the text "China Stone Arch Bridge". Both texts are about bridges, but Mao Yisheng, the author of Stone Arch Bridge in China, is a bridge expert, and Wu Guanzhong, the author of Beauty of Bridges, is a painter. They write about bridges from the perspectives of science and art respectively. "Chinese stone arch bridge" makes students understand the history, form and structure of the bridge. This paper focuses on guiding them to appreciate the beauty of bridges from a new aesthetic perspective.

(B) the understanding of the content of teaching materials

Beauty of the Bridge is an aesthetic prose, and its language has a strong sense of picture and lyrical appeal. Mr. Wu Guanzhong put the bridge in the frame of composition, and explored the different aesthetic effects of the bridge in different environments, giving people a new aesthetic perspective.

In this paper, the poetic beauty of the bridge leads to the formal beauty of the bridge in painting, and then compares the structural beauty of the bridge with the composition beauty, clearly emphasizing the composition beauty of the bridge and its various aesthetic functions in different environments. Then, in poetic language, it describes in detail several pictures of harmonious and beautiful integration of different bridges with natural environment and social environment. Draw a conclusion: "any image that plays a role in composition and connection actually has a kind of bridge beauty!"

(C) Analysis of students' situation

Nowadays, junior high school students have broad vision, active thinking and distinctive personality. But a lot of information makes them eat more and enjoy less, often ignoring the beauty of things around them and not having a deep understanding of traditional culture.

Teaching should be combined with teaching materials to guide students to explore beauty and taste beauty from a new aesthetic perspective, broaden their horizons and improve their cultural taste.

(D) the setting of teaching objectives

American educator Bloom divides teaching goals into three categories: cognitive goals, skill goals and emotional goals. According to the syllabus and the requirements of this unit, combined with the characteristics of students in this grade, the following teaching objectives are formulated:

1, knowledge target

(1) Grasp the content of the text-where is the beauty of the bridge?

(2) Beautiful language

2. Ability objectives

Learn a new aesthetic perspective;

3. Emotional goals

Pay attention to life, nature, and be a person with a conscience in life.

(V) Determine the key and difficult points in teaching.

According to the above analysis, I have determined that the teaching focus of this article is: 1. Learn new aesthetic views; 2. Taste the language with beautiful images. The first point is also the difficulty of teaching.

(6) Teaching schedule: one class hour.

Note: This is the second text in Unit 3, which is a self-reading project.

Second, promote the development of teaching methods

To really implement the curriculum reform, we must adhere to three principles in the teaching process:

First, teaching means learning with students, paying attention to the investigation of learning situation and the study of learning methods, and learning from each other;

Second, emphasize students' initiative, really give the class to students, and students take the initiative to learn, taste and feel, and acquire knowledge. The teacher's task is to create a classroom atmosphere suitable for the text and give guidance and inspiration to the camera.

Third, teachers should not impose their own understanding of works on students.

So I'm sure the teaching method is as follows:

1, comparative reading method

"Beauty of Bridge" is located behind "China Stone Arch Bridge". The authors of the two articles have different identities and writing angles. By comparison, the review of the last text can be naturally introduced into this article, and the main content of this article can be roughly grasped, so that students can consciously perceive the language differences between popular science discourse and aesthetic essays when reading the text for the first time, and inspire students to look at problems from different angles. Therefore, I use comparative reading to import text. The specific method is as follows:

(1) Compare the different identities and different writing angles of the two authors.

(2) Grasp the central sentence of this article and compare the differences between the two articles.

(3) Compare the two languages.

2. Context interpretation methods

Beauty of the Bridge has a strong sense of language picture, flexible rhetoric and lyrical appeal, which is the focus and difficulty of this paper. Therefore, when reading the text carefully, I choose to use the context interpretation method, so that students can combine the context, from coarse to fine, from one to two, read it repeatedly and grasp it as a whole, and finally make students appreciate the beauty of the bridge and learn the beauty of the language. The specific operation is as follows:

(1) On the basis of comparative reading, grab the eye of the text and analyze it.

The opening part of an article often has the simplest writing eyes to control the whole article or explain clues to run through the whole article. The "beauty" in the title of this article is the literary eye. When reading, guide the students to spread out the pictures one by one along the word "beauty".

(2) Reading, appreciating, tasting and imagining.

(3) By replacing or deleting descriptive words or changing rhetorical methods, we can further grasp the charm of the language in the text through careful reading.

3. Group discussion method

Third, improve the ability to speak learning methods.

"Our knowledge is the knowledge of methods." (Descartes)

In order to improve students' ability to appreciate and taste language, we should pay attention to several methods to guide students' appreciation in the process of teaching and reading:

1, contact: put the word in the sentence and put the sentence in the text.

2. Substitution: (1) Compare the different effects of replacing words.

(2) Grasp the rhetoric in the text and compare the different effects of changing rhetoric or not;

3. Transformation: text combined with pictures or music, multi-angle taste.

5. Discussion: Inspire each other.

Fourthly, optimize the program of combinatorial theory.

In the actual teaching process, we should pursue the benign interaction between teachers and students and fully reflect the students' dominant position. Fully preparing lessons does not set strict teaching steps in advance, but teaches students the lessons. Teachers should take advantage of the situation, master the classroom artistically, and grasp the following teaching rhythm:

Comparative reading

Context interpretation

Discuss and evaluate

Migration and expansion

Specific practices are as follows:

First, the tutorial:

1. Multimedia shows many beautiful pictures of bridges, creating situations and rendering the atmosphere.

2. Review the "Chinese Stone Arch Bridge" and show the structural schematic diagram to arouse students' comparative discussion.

3. Show the central sentence of Beauty of the Bridge.

Second, interpretation

1. Grasp the text and the central sentence "Various forms and functions of bridges in different environments", and discuss how different bridges and different environments can reflect aesthetic feeling in mutual contact, contrast and coordination.

2. Show the blackboard.

Beauty of bridge

Small bridge flowing water, people

Dense reeds on the stone bridge in Wuzhen

Willow blowing silk in Jiangnan stone bridge

The Wolong Lake in Changqiao is very big.

Fengyu Bridge Full Flying Waterfall

Huaqiao jietou market

Bridge environment

3. Read and appreciate the fourth and fifth paragraphs, savor the charm of language and show pictures at the same time.

4. Show the audio-visual courseware and read the fourth and fifth paragraphs of the text.

Third, migration and expansion.

(1) Talk about the enlightenment of reading this article.

(2) Teacher's summary: There is no lack of beauty in life, what is lacking is discovery. This paper provides us with a new perspective, that is, seeking beauty or new discoveries from the relationship between things, not only seeking beauty, but also doing other things.

Carefully designed homework

Choose a topic to complete the homework, and ask for a topic for Class A and Class B homework:

A: 1. Collect the origin of some interesting bridge names, such as the name of the broken bridge in West Lake.

2. Collect poems, couplets, riddles, proverbs and idioms about bridges.

3. Collect stories and legends about bridges, such as Dangyang Bridge in the story of Three Kingdoms.

b， 1。 Observe a bridge carefully, observe the beauty from the connection between the bridge and different environments, and complete a composition.

2. Many things can get new discoveries from their relationship with the surrounding things. Please complete a composition.

Fifth, expand imagination and write on the blackboard.

Design a blackboard writing in the introduction part and the explanation part respectively.

Introduction: Beauty of Bridge: Chinese Stone Arch Bridge

Wu Guanzhong-painter Mao Yisheng-bridge expert

A long history of architecture

beauty in form

Beautiful structure

Building seedling

Various forms of bridges in different environments

Note: This blackboard book compares the general contents of the two articles, so that students can see the differences between the two articles at a glance and naturally lead them into the text.

Explanatory part:

Beauty of bridge

Small bridge flowing water, people

Dense reeds on the stone bridge in Wuzhen

Willow blowing silk in Jiangnan stone bridge

The Wolong Lake in Changqiao is very big.

Fengyu Bridge Full Flying Waterfall

Huaqiao jietou market

Bridge environment

Description: This blackboard writing summarizes the context of the article and lists the different environments where the bridge is located. Shaped like an arch bridge, the image is vivid, which makes students intuitively feel the various forms and functions of the bridge in different environments and can give people a deep impression.

Chapter 3 1. Text analysis:

There are two teaching difficulties in this course. One is how to make students understand a great painter's interpretation of the beauty of the bridge, and the other is how to link the beauty of the bridge with the examples cited in the article, which can not be taught as an art appreciation class. The main method I take is divided into paragraphs and levels, and then guide students to find the same points at different levels, so as to arouse thinking through comparison and grasp the meaning of the beauty of the bridge. I naturally chose some pictures in class, but mainly for students to feel intuitively. It was not until all the contents were finished that several works of Mr. Wu Guanzhong were displayed to correspond to the description of the beauty of the bridge in the text.

Second, the teaching objectives:

1. Understand the beauty of the bridge by comparing key sentences and combining old knowledge.

2. Analyze the function of the examples in this paper by dividing levels and comparing reading.

Third, teaching preparation:

Mr. Wu Guanzhong's related paintings

Fourth, the teaching process:

1, import:

Feng Yansi, a great poet in the Southern Tang Dynasty, has two extraordinary words: "The single bridge is full of sleeves, and the people in Linping Crescent Moon return." The lonely figure, the bitter waiting, the clothes blown by the breeze, the flat forest and the new moon constitute a bleak and poetic picture, and the center of this picture is the bridge. Bridge is the most common image in poetry. It always attracts the attention of poets of all ages and must have its unique beauty. Mr. Wu Guanzhong is a great painter. He described the beauty of the bridge from the painter's point of view, and also inspired us to discover the unique beauty of the bridge.

2. Understand the beauty of the bridge in different levels.

Students will divide the full text into levels and summarize the contents about the beauty of the bridge. )

Tip:

(1) This article is also written according to the structure of "total-subtotal". Find out the content illustrated in the article, and you can clearly divide the hierarchy. ( 1-3,4-7,8)

(2) What beauty does the painter emphasize on the bridge? What does the author attach more importance to connecting bridges?

Induction:

"Bridge, how beautiful! Although there is the beauty of poetry,' Little Bridge and Flowing Water Family' actually prefers the formal beauty of painting. "

"The structure of the stone arch bridge itself is beautiful ... but because of the various forms of the bridge in different environments."

"Any image that plays a key role in composition and connection actually has the beauty of a bridge."

(3) What does the author mean by "formal beauty"? (Students read the following and analyze the meaning of the key words)

(1) "The beauty of contrast between lines and blocks" (the contrast between lines and blocks also appears in ancient poems, such as "The desert is lonely and straight, and the long river sets the yen")

② Bridge "is rich in form changes, and it is also the medium between lines and surfaces, and it is the bridge to communicate the form changes between lines and surfaces". (。 Similarly, the bridge is above the river, connecting people on both sides of the river, and the connection between the line and the surface has more changes)

(3) "Round bridge mouth (face), square stone (face) and curved bridge back (line)" (The bridge itself is more harmonious and decent when connecting different lines and faces.

(4) "Various forms and functions in different environments", the author did not appreciate the bridge alone, but paid attention to what role the bridge played. (Function in different environments) A bridge can connect different lines and faces. What is its role in the environment? (touching different images)

From this, we can find out what the "formal beauty" here mainly refers to. Finally, the article mentions the key role of composition and connection. "Composition" refers to the composition of a changeable picture, and "connection" refers to the connection of different images, and these images just correspond to it. It's just that the author has developed a step here and thinks that no matter what form, painting, poetry, prose and so on. As long as you play this role, there is "the beauty of the bridge."

So, how does the author explain the beauty of this bridge? He mainly uses examples. What examples did he give? What role did it play?

3. Analyze examples and experience the beauty of bridges.

(1) Summarize the examples in 4-6 and pay attention to the environment where these bridges are located.

The stone bridge among the dense reeds in Wuzhen, the stone bridge brushed by slender willows in the south of the Yangtze River, the long bridge in the boundless lake, and the wind and rain bridge in the mountainous area.

Supplement: (1) "Even if you can't touch the breeze and the waning moon", the author here uses "Where to wake up tonight?" Yang Liuan, morning breeze and waning moon ". This word is also a parting scene. The hero imagined that he had no choice but to go on the road and wake up with wine, accompanied by only a breeze, a new moon and willow trees fluttering on the shore. Here, the author points out that even if there is no "morning breeze and waning moon", only the willow bridge is fascinating enough.

The wind and rain bridge is named like this because there are cloisters and pavilions on the bridge, which can shelter from the wind and rain. It is in the mountainous area, where there are many rapids, waterfalls and springs.

Bridge (Hongqiao) in the picture * Riverside picture on Qingming Festival, small bridge in the field of crops, cable bridge in the steep environment.

Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge, Qiantang River Bridge and Cheng Kun Road and Bridge.

Supplement: ③ Cheng Kun Road is chengdu-kunming railway, which is located in the southwest mountainous area. The railway has to cross many steep mountain canyons.

(2) What is the relationship between the four examples in 4?

Tip: When describing the environment, the author often emphasizes the characteristics of the environment repeatedly, finds out the recurring words and sums up the characteristics of different environments. Look at the bridge again. What does it have to do with the environment?

① The reeds in Wuzhen are dense and impenetrable. This bridge "breathed a comfortable breath" and "constituted a sharp contrast". "Contrast" is contrast. What contrast? (dense)

(2) Country willows, "floating silk" and "hairspring". Bridge, "hard stone". There is also a contrast between the two. What contrast? (soft and hard)

Supplement: "Soft and hard" here can also refer to the soft and hard feelings. Nostalgia, reluctant to go, is to show the soft side of the heart. If you have no choice but to separate, you must "hard" your heart. In the Book of Songs, "I have been to Xi, and the willows are yiyi". It rained when I think of it today, which shows the contrast between "soft and hard" emotions. Because it contains this kind of emotion, it will make people "*".

The lake is "boundless", "water and sky are one color" and "pure and bright", which is empty and somewhat monotonous. What did the "General Wolong" long bridge bring to the lake?

Tip: What's the difference between taking a boat and walking on a bridge? (You can see the scenery in bridge opening)

The author said that at this time, "it is as satisfying as reading an epic." An epic has two characteristics, one is long enough, and the other is rich in content. Does longbridge have these two characteristics? The long bridge is long enough, and each bridge opening can show different pictures. The 53 caves are 53 paintings, which will change with the changes of the sky, water surface, light and ships, and also have rich contents. )

What is the contrast here (density, but just the opposite of the stone bridge in Wuzhen)

④ In mountainous areas, "bridges are mostly rapids" and "waterfalls and flowing springs". What do people do on the stormy bridge? ("stop and admire", the wind and rain bridge can shelter from the wind and rain, and people will naturally stay here. What is the contrast? Why does the author use the word "struggle" to describe "painters and photographers"? (corresponding to "stop", it also forms a dynamic and static contrast. At the same time, it also shows that it is difficult for them to find a suitable angle to show the beauty of this dynamic and static contrast. Of course, this is also their bounden duty. )

⑤ To sum up, what is the relationship between bridge and environment in the four examples? The contrast between the bridge and the environment changes the picture, which is an important content of the "formal beauty" of the bridge.

(3) What is the relationship between 5 and 6? What does it say about the beauty of the bridge?

Tip: 5. The author is admiring the beauty of this bridge; 6. The author explains how to express the beauty of the bridge through his own practice. Please note the connection between these two parts.

① Look at the local Hongqiao map on the Qingming Riverside Map. There are people on the bridge, boats under the bridge, and shops on both sides are dense, with the focus on the bridge. Why can The Development of Contradictions "promote drama"? The development of contradictions will inevitably involve many people, and many related events are intertwined at this moment. ) Similarly, bridges connect many images. How does the author point out its function? (Overlapping and Interleaving of Images) 6. How does the author describe his efforts to find "overlapping and interlacing" images? ("Looking for points, lines and surfaces that set off, echo and extend the straight line of the bridge") Similarly, because he can't find an angle that can make Pagoda of Six Harmonies and Qiantang River Bridge "set off and echo", he can't make a composition.

Supplement: Actually, there was an accident under Hongqiao. The ship in the canal could not turn around, but it rushed to the other side and was obviously out of control. Some people threw the rope on the bridge, and some people tried to catch it on the boat, all in order to control the boat, but failed. The canal is equivalent to the ancient highway, and Hongqiao should be the pier, which is already crowded with people. At this time, it has attracted many people's attention and formed a picture.

(2) a large area of farmland, only crops, a bit monotonous. What images is this bridge associated with? Running water, duckweed, weeds under the bridge, they also follow the current, breaking the original monotony. Therefore, the author uses the word "puncture" to indicate that bridges connect different images and break the monotonous scene. The author said that "the painter loves to hear the song of the bridge in the silence" and "it seems that children are looking for excitement". How to sing the bridge? Those images are the notes of the bridge, breaking the monotony and bringing "excitement" to the environment.

The cable bridge is just a line. Where does its vitality come from? ("The precipitous environment gave birth to the life of the bridge", and "the foil of various lines" gave life to the cable bridge. ) Similarly, why is the straight bridge on Cheng Kun Road "sometimes dangerous and beautiful, but sometimes dangerous and not beautiful"? (Can you find "all kinds of lines" to set it off? )

(4) How many times did the author use "search" and "search" in these two sections? ("They are looking for the bridge" and "They are looking for the bridge body ..."), they are all looking for different images related to this bridge. Therefore, on Cheng Kun Road, the author is looking for a line that can set off a straight bridge.

⑤5 and 6, one focuses on theory and the other on practice, but both of them show the connecting function of bridges to different images.

(4) At the end of the article, the author cited the example of Queqiao. What does he want to explain? The image and significance of Magpie Bridge are good, and it can also connect ancient myths with the good wishes of people in ancient and modern times. Flying magpies also make this bridge full of changes. Although it does not exist in reality, it also has the beauty of a bridge.

4. Take an example and experience the beauty of the bridge.

At the beginning, we quoted the phrase "the independent bridge is full of sleeves, and the linping crescent people return home". The small bridge in the poem not only connects different images, but also brings about changes in the picture-people are calm on the independent small bridge, but their inner thoughts are fierce; People didn't move, but when they left, they went to the distance of the bridge, and their eyes kept following and moving. The bridge of poetry also changes the picture, connects different images, and has the beauty of the bridge. It is precisely because of this unique charm that the bridge will make literati and painters fall in love.