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Red Martyrs - Qu Qiubai, Fang Zhimin and Liu Bojian in their children's memories

Author: Jia Yong Cao Guoqiang Bai Ruixue

They didn't take part in the Long March, but their deaths were related to it.

While their comrades were still on a difficult expedition on the long road northward against the Japanese, their life journey came to an end at the starting point of the Long March.

They did not share the joy of the victory of the Long March, and they did not look forward to the beautiful new China that they had depicted countless times.

However, whenever we sing the Internationale, whenever we read "Lovely China" and "Walking with Shackles," we will always think of those eternally young names: Qu Qiubai, Fang Zhimin and Liu Bojian.

They, the martyrs of the Long March who had not yet marched.

Qu Qiubai - singing his own translation of the Internationale to the execution ground

Five years apart, when his father's face reappeared in front of his eyes, it was actually an absolute photo.

On a summer day in 1935, Qu Duyi, who was attending a summer camp in Ukraine, snatched a copy of Pravda from his classmates at the International Children's Home, which showed a half-length photo of his father.

Qu Duyi cried so hard she went into shock. She didn't understand why her father, who had been the highest leader of China, had died. All she knew was that her "good father" was gone.

From the day her daughter remembered, her mother, Yang Zhihua, let Duoyi add the word "good" in front of her name to Qu Qiubai, even though Qiubai was not her daughter's biological father.

Qu, who called himself and his lover "Qiu Zhi Bai Hua," loved his only daughter as much as he cherished their love.

In 1928, on the eve of the Sixth Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) in the Soviet Union, Qu Qiubai's family came to Moscow. For the next two years, her parents worked for the ****production international, while Qu Duyi was sent to an orphanage, a forest school and a children's home.

The few encounters with her "good father" left clear imprints on Dui's childhood: in the season of wildflowers, her father took her to the woods to pick flowers and put their petals in books as bookmarks; in the midst of a heavy snowfall, her father took her skiing in the outskirts of Moscow, pretending to fall from time to time to make his daughter laugh; every time he came to visit his daughter, his father would always bring her to the orphanage, and he would always bring her to the orphanage, and he would always bring her to the orphanage. Whenever he visits his daughter, his father always brings her favorite milk crumbs, and every time he leaves, Dui always sends her far away until her parents' backs are out of sight.......

In 1930, Mr. and Mrs. Qu Qiubai secretly returned to China. Before leaving, they told their daughter that mom and dad had something to do in South Russia and would be back soon.

The well-intentioned lie made the hasty separation even more hasty. Dui did not get to see her father again, and even when Yang Zhihua went to the hospital to see her daughter, who was running a fever, the little revolutionary with the red star "October Revolutionary" on her chest blamed her mother for not keeping her visiting hours. The reunion of the family of three was never to happen again.

It was not until more than 40 years later that Qu Duyi was able to restore the final moments of his father's life from the memories of witnesses--

In February 1935, on the eve of the fall of the Central Soviet Union, Qu Qiubai was captured on his way to break out of the western Fujian province. At first, he claimed to be just a doctor and sent a letter to Lu Xun in Shanghai in the hope of trying to secure his release on bail, but unexpectedly his true identity was exposed by a traitor's betrayal.

The 36-year-old Qu Qiubai sat down cross-legged on a green lawn and smiled at his executioner, saying, "This is a very good place," and then sang his own translation of the Internationale, which he had made into Chinese in 1923, as he was executed.

Qu Qiubai's last image in the world was taken in front of the Zhongshan Pavilion in Zhongshan Park before his inauguration. In the photo, Qu was dressed in a black coat and white pants, looking calm and peaceful, and Qu Duyi's memory of his thin and pale "good father" still often overlaps in her dreams today.

Duyi did not know that her father had suffered from a serious lung disease since he was 20 years old.

If he hadn't been too sick to run, Qu Qiubai might have been able to break out of the enemy's encirclement; if he hadn't been too sick to give the leftist leaders an excuse to stay behind, he might have been able to embark on the perilous and hopeful Long March with the Red Army.

In the fall of 1934, the Central Red Army decided in haste to make a strategic move. Qu Qiubai, who had been dismissed from the Politburo for two years by Wang Ming and others, was ordered to stay in Jiangxi as the propaganda minister of the Central Bureau. After learning the news, Mao Zedong twice approached Bogu and asked him to take Qu Qiubai with him, but was refused.

Qu Qiubai put down his traveling clothes, raised the glass of wine that his wife had given him when they parted with Yang Zhihua in Shanghai a year earlier, and said goodbye to Li Fuchun and Cai Chang. On the day of the departure of the Central Red Army, he handed over his good horse to Xu Telli, the oldest in the Long March team. The next day, when Chen Yi sent his horse to ask him to go after the Long March team, he said, "I obey the orders of the organization."

At this time, the Central Soviet Region was facing a more violent storm following the five "sieges," and for the frail Qu Qiubai, staying behind almost meant death. But Qu chose to obey.

Six months later, when the opportunity to live was in front of him, he again chose to give up, depending on his personality and introspection more than life.

Qu, who had been wanted for 11 years, was finally "caught", which was undoubtedly great news for the Kuomintang.

Song Xilian, the KMT division commander who had imprisoned him, came to persuade him to surrender. Facing this former student of his when he was teaching at Shanghai University, Qu turned his conversation with Song into a debate on whether ****productivism would work in China, which ended in the latter's speechlessness.

Just five days before the execution, the Kuomintang continued to send its agents to lobby. Their terms seemed to take care of Qu Qiubai's face: no need to issue an anti-**** statement or surrender, just a promise to work as an interpreter for an organization under the Nanking government.

Refusal, or refusal. Qu Qiubai said, "One loves one's history more than a bird loves its wings; please do not tear up my history!"

--Perhaps, where the bones of ****producers and intellectuals were raised when the guns went off, that is where Qiu Bai's heart returned!

After the news of Qu Qiubai's arrest was published in the newspapers, Lu Xun, who was his confidant, sat in silence and kept his head down. A few months later, Lu Xun was sick and compiled a collection of Qu Qiubai's translations into a book.

After the outbreak of the war, Mao Zedong was told of Qu Qiubai's martyrdom. Mao said that if he hadn't died, he would have come to lead the literary and artistic work in Yan'an by now.

Daughter Qu Duyi, for her part, has spent decades trying to cope with the loss of her "good father".

In September 1984, she planted a cypress tree at Luohanling, whose Russian name means "cypress tree.

After more than 20 years, the pine waves and cypresses at the site of Qubai's death have become a forest.

Fang Zhimin - For a Lovely China

Fang Mei was already a wife and mother when she first read her father's "Lovely China".

Fang Mei grew up knowing that her father was a remarkable man.

She was told by her grandmother that her father was so beautiful and handsome that as a child he was called the "Queen of the Palace" by the village people. Her adoptive parents told her that her father was a good speaker, and when he spoke, people would gather around and listen to him for half a day. The townspeople told her that her father rode a white horse and carried a pair of guns, which made him a formidable figure.

For many years, Fang Mei, who pieced together her father's image in a variety of accounts, didn't believe that his father had died, nor did the people of Yiyang, Jiangxi, although the notice about "Fang Zhimin's downfall" was hanging at the village entrance - a rumor created by the Kuomintang, they said. They said it was a rumor spread by the Kuomintang.

Fang was born in the winter of 1932, during the enemy's frantic "siege" of the Soviet Union. Her mother, Miao Min, tore off the umbilical cord herself and gave the girl, who cried like a kitten, to the local people. On her last visit to her daughter at the old folks' home, Miao Min worried that the child would not be able to be raised, but Fang said, "The plum blossom in the harsh winter has the strongest vitality!"

Fang Zhimin's five children foster everywhere, respectively, called pine, cypress, bamboo, plum, orchid - that is his favorite couplet: "the heart has three love, strange book steed good landscape; garden planted four things, pine, bamboo, white plum orchid".

In November 1934, after the Central Red Army's long march, Fang Zhimin, then chairman of the military and political committee of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army's northern anti-Japanese advance team, said goodbye to his wife and children, and bid farewell to the Fujian, Zhejiang and Jiangxi Soviet Union areas that he had created with his own hands, and then led the 10th legion of the Red Army to embark on the road to the north.

The same "north", a different route. If the main Red Army is facing an uncertain future, then the 10th Army Corps, which is responsible for holding back the enemy's forces and covering the transfer of the main force, is destined to be a death legion!

The 10th Corps retreated to the edge of Northeast Gan in January 1935 and decided to enter the Soviet Union to rest and recuperate, but the enemy had already set up a crisscrossing blockade line here.

Fang Zhimin and Su Yu, the corps chief of staff, led a group of more than 800 people to take the lead in breaking out of the blockade, but the army was still trapped in the enemy's encirclement. At the last military and political meeting he called, Fang Zhimin said, "I am the main person in charge of the troops, I can't go first. So he turned his horse and reentered the encirclement.

Returning to the Soviet Union, a few hundred remnants of the troops under the leadership of Su Yu, later developed into the Chinese Workers and Peasants Revolutionary Army Advancement Division, while Fang Zhimin, who was guarding Huaiyu Mountain with 2,000 generals, was unfortunately captured in the heavy snow.

Fang, who fell into the hands of the enemy, continued to fight in a different way --

The two Kuomintang soldiers who found him did not even search for a single coin, and they could not believe that such a "big official" would not have money. "We didn't revolutionize to get rich!" Fang rebuked angrily, "Poverty, a clean and simple life, is exactly where we revolutionaries can overcome many difficulties!"

An Associated Press reporter recorded the scene of the KMT's "Celebration of the Capture of Fang Zhimin" as follows: "Fang Zhimin, who was standing on an armored car in shackles and handcuffs, was in such an impassioned manner that the audience expressed their infinite admiration. When the audience saw Fang Zhimin, no one uttered a word, everyone was silent, even the officers of Chiang Kai-shek's staff."

In prison, Fang enlisted the revolutionary sympathizers Hu Yimin and Gao Yipeng, as well as the acting director of the detention center, Ling Fengwu. The former sent Fang's manuscripts out of prison four times, while the latter replaced the 10 pounds of shackles on his feet with three and a half pounds.

It was these shackles that, 20 years later, became an important clue in the search for Fang Zhimin's remains.

In 1955, in Fang Zhimin's inauguration of Nanchang City, under the Tsavo, construction workers found a lot of bones, a coffin and a pair of shackles. Ling Fengwu and others recognized that the shackles and coffins are the special "treatment" Fang Zhimin received. After comparing blood samples, nine pieces of bones were identified as Fang Zhimin's remains.

After another 22 years, the remains of the martyr were ceremoniously buried in Meiling, a suburb of the city. Fang Mei remembers, that day first fine rain bac moncler, and then a clear blue sky, when the hearse passed through the city, the streets on both sides of the street stood full of send-off of the people ......

Wife Miao Min did not wait for this day. Just a month before the burial ceremony, the revolutionary who had fought alongside her husband passed away in a hurry.

The word "min" in her name was a token of engagement given to her by Fang Zhimin. On the day of their wedding, Fang Zhimin gave his wife the pseudonym "Li Jingzhen", which was a perfect match for his pseudonym "Li Jingsong", which he used until his arrest.

Shortly after her husband's arrest, Miao Min also fell into the clutches of the enemy and was imprisoned in the Nanchang Women's Prison, which is separated from Fang Zhimin's detention center by a wall. When Fang was looking at the newspaper photo of his wife's arrest, he was saddened, and the persuaders offered to meet with her in exchange for "a statement of preference".

Fang Zhimin said no, of course. Later, he told Ling Fengwu with tears in his eyes that Miao Min was a heroine.

Two years later, Miao Min was released on bail by the Party. The once close proximity to each other ended up being the distance between life and death.

Mother is getting old, and Fang Mei understands how much she misses her mother. The mother, who is stubborn and "will pull out a gun if not right", was in tears at the mention of her father. Married father sent a "Hero" brand fountain pen, mother has been used to the 70s, to the nib worn smooth. And that father wrote to his mother in prison, and then lost in the turbulence of the letter, the mother has been looking for the rest of his life.

Mother and daughter met only after the liberation. By then, 17-year-old Fang Mei was already a wife and mother. Compared with her two brothers, Fang Ming and Fang Ying, who were brought to Yan'an by their mother and later went to university and stayed in the Soviet Union, Fang Mei, who grew up in the countryside, suffered too much, and Miao Min wanted to make up for this regret.

She locked her daughter in the house and forced her to read. That's when Fang Mei read her father's "Lovely China" for the first time.

"Mother! Beautiful mother, lovely mother!" Reciting these heartfelt sentences over and over again, Fang Mei, who had not long learned to read and write, cheered: from now on, I can tell my family history, from now on, I know what "motherland" means -- motherland, that is, the motherland that has given birth to us, and deserves to be protected by thousands of martyrs like my father. The motherland is the one that gave birth to us and deserves the lives of thousands of martyrs like my father!

During the 100 days of his imprisonment, Fang Zhimin wrote more than 300,000 words of manuscripts such as "Lovely China", "Poverty" and "Prison Records". This text, full of talent and passion, has become a classic that has influenced many generations.

Mao Zedong appreciated Fang Zhimin's ability to fight two Red 10 Armies with "two and a half guns" and praised the Fujian, Zhejiang and Gan Soviet area, which had stood up to several years of siege by the enemy, as a "Fang Zhimin-type base". On the issue of peasants, the two men are even more early **** knowledge.

Chiang Kai-shek also valued Fang Zhimin. when the Northern Expeditionary Army captured Nanchang in 1926, Chiang Kai-shek hosted several banquets for him. After learning that he had captured Fang Zhimin, Chiang personally persuaded him to surrender and promised him the post of chairman of Jiangxi Province, but received only a simple reply, "You hurry up and give the order to execute it."

A generation of talent could not be used for his own purposes, and Chiang Kai-shek ordered a secret execution.

August 6, 1935, just half a month before Fang's 37th birthday. Escorted to the execution ground, Fang stood by the Gan River for a few minutes, then turned and said, "Come on!"

Autumn winds blew Fang's hair.

What did his father think? Fang Mei said, "There were thoughts in those few minutes that I probably won't be able to sort out in my lifetime."

Liu Bojian -- with shackles long street walk, hobbling again hobbling ...... my heart no shame

Liu Bao has always taken his father's suicide note made into a photo with him.

"With shackles on the street, hobbling and hobbling, the city people compete for attention, my heart has no subterfuge ......" 71 years ago on March 11, the enemy escorted Liu Bojian to prison, so dragging heavy shackles, hobbling through the crowded Dayu, Jiangxi Province The first time I saw him, he was in the middle of the street, and he was in the middle of the street.

The enemy tried to destroy Liu Bojian's will by humiliating him, but the open-hearted revolutionary wrote the immortal "Walking with Shackles".

Liu Bao was already in his 20s when he read the poem.

In 1949, the People's Liberation Army (PLA), which was waving its way through Jiangxi Province, arrived in the Ruijin countryside. Before hearing the name "Liu Bojian" from them for the first time, Liu Bao, who was named "Zou Happens" by his adoptive parents, had always thought that he was a "wild child" who would spend his whole life herding cows and chopping wood in this mountain forest. The company's website is a great source of information about the company's products and services, and the company's website is a great source of information about the company.

In fact, he was the one who stayed with his father the longest.

After the Red Army's long march, Chiang Kai-shek mobilized an army of more than 100,000 men to surround the Central Soviet Union, and all the counties in the base area were lost.

In March 1935, Liu Bojian, then director of the political department of the Gannan Military Region, led the army to prepare for a breakout, and the children, who had been marching along with the troops, could not be left behind and had to be given to a family in a boat.

From Jiangxi to Beijing, Liu Bao, who was ignorant of everything, barely had time to think about what words like "father" and "sacrifice" really meant. All he remembers is the first time he saw an electric light in Nanchang and the laughter of his class when he walked into his first-grade class at North China Elementary School.

Slowly, Liu Bao, who was called "Baozi" by his uncles and uncles in Beijing, learned to write his own name. The elegant Liu Bojian named his three sons Tiger, Panther, and Bear, each with a tiger's vigor. During the school year, Liu Bao has always taken his father's suicide note into the photo with him - for fear that the photo will become moldy, he often take it out and put it in the sun.

For his father's last letter, he said he could not read it at that time, and still does not fully comprehend it.

Liu Bojian, born in Sichuan, went to Europe at the age of 25 to work and study and organize the "Chinese Junior **** Producers Party", successively in the Soviet Union to study politics, military, and returned to China to Feng Yuxiang's Northwest Army as the head of the political department. His last footsteps were in Jiangxi, the ancestral home of the Liu family.

Just a few days after sending out his children, Liu Bojian was seriously wounded and captured during a breakout to the Yushan Mountains in Gannan.

Like other ****production party leaders, the enemy used both soft and hard tactics. But Liu Bojian, who had long been determined to sacrifice himself, said in a letter, "To live is for China, to die is for China, and everything is just as it should be."

Perhaps Liu Bojian, who was good at political work and had successfully instigated the "Ningdu Uprising," fought for the KMT guards? Perhaps it was his poems such as "Moonlit Night in Prison" that gained the **** of others? How these letters, addressed to his brother and sister-in-law or asked to be forwarded to his wife, were sent safely from prison remains a mystery.

On the day of his execution, Liu Bojian wrote his last letter to his wife. "You do not grieve, hope you in any case to work for the Chinese revolution, do not break away from the revolutionary front; and to use all the strength, teaching and raising tiger, leopard, bear three young children to adulthood, to continue my cause of the glorious revolution ......" more than half a century has passed, the handwriting is still clear! The pinyin signature "LIU" in the paragraph is still free.

When Liu Bao's ears echoed, it was the last sentence: "Twelve o'clock is approaching, we will be on the killing fields, can not write again."

One sentence, filled Liu Bao broken more than twenty years of his father's memory - on the one hand is the strict killing field, on the other hand is calmly left ink, my father in the enemy towards the butcher's knife, what is the ah of austerity and calm!

Liu Bojian did not know to his dying day that his wife would never see these letters again. Almost at the same time he died, Wang Shuzhen, who served as secretary of the Provisional Central Government of the Chinese Soviet*** and the country and was the head of the confidentiality section, was killed in Changting, western Fujian Province.

The revolutionary couple loved y, when they held a wedding in Xi'an, appeared Yu Youren and other state **** many famous people, revolutionary youth and revolutionary soldiers in the Northern Expedition in the marriage of a moment for a good story.

Wang Shuzhen, who was working alone in Fujian in 1931, gave birth to his third son, Xiong Sheng, less than two months after the birth of the child, which was once again given to the old folks.

Wang Shuzhen and her husband left the child's words were the same: "This is given to the Huang family to raise and grow up in the Huang family to inherit the first and second ...... parents deep grace can not be forgotten, and still continue to I and other volunteers for the revolution to serve for greater glory."

But the mother still has the hope of reunion, she tore the four big words "to carry the first after" into two halves, the other half of the other half with their own take away, as a future recognition of the evidence.

In 1979, in the third brother Xiongsheng's home to witness the page that can never be complete, the first time they met Liu Husheng, Liu Bao, Liu Xiongsheng three brothers hugged each other and cried. Husheng was sent to Yan'an by relatives after the sacrifice of his parents and later studied in the Soviet Union, while Xiongsheng has been living peacefully in the mountain village where his mother sent him back then. Now they have passed away, leaving Liu Bao, who is in his 70s, alone to guard the past left by his parents.

Ye Jianying wrote a poignant elegy for his close comrade: "The Red Army's long march against the Japanese, the night crossing the Yudu splash splash sound. Liang Shang Bo Jian came to hit the building, Jing Qing heroic gradually away from the feelings."

When the main Red Army set off, Ye Jianying and Liu Bojian parted company at the ferry port outside the east gate of Yudu County. Whether with the long march of Ye Jianying, or for the long march army build pontoon bridges, raise food and other matters around the Liu Bojian, they may not have thought, this scene, has become a Jing Ke away from the water like the last farewell.

Liu Bojian sacrificed on March 21, 1935, the Central Red Army is crossing the Red River on the Red Earth Plateau for the fourth time.

The perilous Long March has been a desperate struggle ever since, but Liu Bojian fell at the end of his life.

This article is taken from the Reader, Issue 01, 2007, P12

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