The Culture of the People's Republic of China

1. Literary Words Describing Uncultured

Literary Words Describing "Uncultured": Wu Xia A Meng

Wu Xia A Meng refers to Lü Meng, a famous general of Wu of the Three Kingdoms, and is also used to ridicule those who lack knowledge and literary talent. The phrase "Three Kingdoms - Wu Zhi - Lv Meng biography" "make friends and leave" Pei Songzhi note cited Jin Yu Pu "Jiang table biography": "The first right said Meng and Jiang Qin said: 'Qing now and when the Tu palms, it is appropriate to learn to open from the benefit.' ...... Meng began to study, dedicated and tireless, and his vision, the old Confucianism does not win. After Lu Su on behalf of Zhou Yu, over the Meng speech, often want to be aggrieved. Su pat Meng back said: 'I said that the big brother but has a martial arts ear, as of today, learning and knowledge of Yingbo, not back to Wu Xia A Meng.'"

1. Translation:

Lü Meng word Zi Ming, ancestral home in Ru Nan Fu Pei. When he was young, he went to the south and attached himself to his brother-in-law Deng Dang. Deng Dang was a general under Sun Ce and participated in many battles to crush the minority regime Shan Yue. When Lu Meng was 15 or 16 years old, he secretly followed Deng Dang to participate in the battles. Deng Dang was shocked when he found out about it, and scolded Lu Meng and told him to go back, but Lu Meng refused to do so. When he returned, Deng Dang complained to Lu Meng's mother, who was furious and wanted to punish Lu Meng. Lu Meng said, "A life of poverty and a lowly position is hard to bear, but if you are lucky enough to get a merit, you can get rich and famous. Besides, 'How can one catch the son of a tiger without entering the tiger's den' (how can one catch the son of a tiger without exploring the tiger's den)." The mother was very sad and gave up the idea of dissuading her son.

When Lu Su was temporarily acting as Zhou Yu's representative, he passed by the place where Lu Meng was stationed when he was on his way to Lukou. At that time, Lu Su still despised Lv Meng, and it was rumored that Lu Su had said to Deng Dang, "General Lv Meng's fame grows day by day, you can't look at him in the same way as you did before, you should pay attention to this matter." Lu Su then went to visit Lü Meng. While drinking wine, Lu Meng asked Lu Su: "You have taken on a heavy responsibility to defend against Guan Yu's army, what method do you intend to use to cope with the sudden attack?" Lu Su said flippantly, "Just improvise." Lu Meng said, "Now that Eastern Wu and Western Shu are in a temporary alliance, Guan Yu is a threat to us, so how can we not plan ahead to deal with it?" So he thought of five ways for Lu Su to deal with this problem. Lu Su was impressed and grateful, left the mat, sat next to Lu Meng, stroked his hand on Lu Meng's back, and said affectionately, "Lu Meng, I didn't know that your talent and strategy had reached such a state!"

2. about the ancient customs of the ancient

a. Song burning firecrackers Thunderbolt sound of the old year in addition to, for the alarm drought burning green bamboo.

A since the invention of **, it is difficult to stop the New Year firecrackers. According to the "Divine Mercy": there is a mountain bashfulness in the western mountains, which makes people hot and cold when they are offended.

But it is afraid of bamboo pops. So people burn bamboo to drive it away.

Tang Dynasty poet Lai Guan poem: 'The new calendar will only be half-paper open, the small court is still gathered popping pole ash.' In the Song Dynasty, Wang Anshi wrote: "The sound of firecrackers is the first year of the year, and the spring breeze sends warmth into the tassel.

』 After the invention of **, people still burn firecrackers in the Spring Festival. The process of burning firecrackers is described in Fan Chengda's "Firecracker Row": "Cutting off the cylinder five feet to simmer with the salary, sweating between the sections of the fire through, the healthy servant will still take the fast walk.

The children are standing up to avoid its front, when the steps hit the ground thunder roar. The first two voices of the ghosts are alarmed, and the third and fourth voices of the ghosts are pouring out of their nests.

The ten voices of the gods and goddesses are peaceful, and the whole world is at peace. The first time I saw this was when I was a kid, and it was the first time I had ever seen a kid.

』 In the Southern Song Dynasty, there were firecrackers wrapped in straw paper and tied into rolls. The Old Story of Wulin: "As for the firecrackers, hidden medicine line, a continuous hundred more than endless.

』This refers to the use of medicine strung together firecrackers. Lai Chun of the Ming Dynasty has 'firecrackers' poem: 'self-pity end small body, a little heart refuses to gray.

The cold flames of the season are coming, and there is a thunderbolt on the heads of thousands of people. The poem is about the 'thunder in the sky', which is known as 'two kicks' in the north.

The invention of ** was originally for peaceful life, but later it was used for war, which is the misfortune of mankind; and it is the great misfortune of mankind to be used in wars of aggression. Secondly, Song The Church of the Square is self-musical The good time and the beautiful scenery of Naihe days, tearful eyes pretend to be happy another year.

I am glad that there is no official work at the end of the year, and that we meet in the green house to play the pipes and strings. Song dynasty workshop *** originally belonged to the court, is an official prostitute; 『Shaoxing years, the abolition of the workshop job name, such as the big court, the festival, the Royal row when the driving guide before playing music, and allocated Lin'an Prefecture Yamen before the musicians ...... 』 There are other private prostitutes, singing in the city.

The government has something to do, such as setting up a wine library to sell wine, in order to solicit business, 'official and private ***, Gu Qian only should'. Within a year, it is hard to get a break.

Only on the first day of the new year is free to entertain themselves.

The first day of the new year is the first day of the new year that I have free time to enjoy myself.

Everywhere in the New Year is like this, giving a large sum of money to the paper store. In the Song Dynasty, business cards were already used to pay homage to the New Year, known as "flying post".

A red paper bag was pasted in front of each house, with 'Receive Fortune' written on it, which was used to receive the flying post. Qingbo Magazine: "Yuan You years, New Year's greetings, often using servants to hold the name of the prick on behalf of.

』To the Ming Dynasty is still the same. Wen Zhengming's poem "New Year's greetings" reads: "I don't want to meet with you, but I want to visit you, and I want to fill my house with famous papers.

I also cast a few papers with others, the world is too simple and not too false. The Qing Dynasty's "Yantai Moon Order" also describes Beijing as "a month, the piece of flying, empty car to go. Fourth, the Tang ornaments plum blossom makeup, the first seven days and spring, plum blossom point forehead color new.

If this body in the Hall of Huanzhang, suspected Shouyang Palace people. In ancient times, the seventh day of the first month of the year was called the "Human Day", and it is written in the Book of Things that Dongfang Shuo initially set up the "Human Day".

Legend has it that when Emperor Wu of the Song Dynasty, Princess Shouyang was lying on the Day of Man in the Hall of Zhang, plum blossoms under the eaves fell on the forehead of the Princess to form a decoration; the courtesans followed suit to red dot the forehead for the "plum blossom makeup". This custom to the Tang and Song dynasties, women more in the face of painting various patterns; there are 'oblique red, face dimple' and other names; painted lips have 'Wanjin red, red, within the family round' and other names.

In fact, women in the face of painting decorations, as early as the Spring and Autumn and Warring States has emerged; Changsha unearthed female figurines of the Chu State on the face of the pattern of dots can be proved. To the Tang Dynasty development to the face of gold foil flower tin, become a kind of makeup fashion.

Fifth, Jin feed spring plate spring salty spring plate to taste, turnip celery buds with leeks. The food is given to friends and colleagues with the same flavor, and the fruit of the stomach does not have to wait for the cream of the sorghum.

In ancient times, there was a custom to eat five Xin plate in the spring. Such as the "Jing Chu chronicle": "yuan day, ...... into the tusu wine, under the five Xin plate. Note: "five Xin so hair five Tibetan gas, namely garlic, garlic, leeks, cloud moss, coriander is also.

』 Wuxing disk is also known as spring disk. Offerings," said: "The Eastern Jin Dynasty Li E spring day order to rushes, celery buds for the spring plate Kuang Kuang.

』 "Compendium of Materia Medica" said: "five Xin dish, is the new year's day, the spring to green onions, garlic, leeks, polygonum, mustard and eat a mixture of tender vegetables, to take the meaning of welcoming the new. This custom has spread to the Tang, Song, Jin and Yuan.

Such as the Yuan Dynasty, Yelu Chu Cai has "spring day in the post as a poor spring plate" poem, which said that the lotus root, peas, green onions, Artemisia vulgaris, leeks and vermicelli for spring plate. Sixth, the Tang lanterns, fire trees, silver flowers, tourists stay more Lantern Festival.

Dengshan Xingqiao full of songs, Jingo put ban on carnival. The 15th day of the first month is the first full moon night of the year, so it is called "Lantern Festival".

Taoism to the first month of the fifteenth day of the first yuan festival. As early as the Han Dynasty, there was a custom of celebrating the Lantern Festival, and the scale was even greater in the Tang Dynasty.

Su Wei's poem "The Night of the Fifth Day of the First Moon" reads: "The silver flowers of the fire-tree unite, and the iron locks of the starry bridge open. The dark dust goes with the horses, and the bright moon comes with the people.

All the tour buses are full of plums, and all the traveling songs are full of fallen plums. The first time I saw this was when I was a kid, and the second time I saw it was when I was a kid. During the Lantern Festival, Emperor Ruizong of Tang Dynasty made a lantern tree twenty feet high and burned 50,000 lanterns, which was called 'Fire Tree'.

"Jingwu can't help the night" means that the capital exceptionally canceled the night martial law, allowing the public to stroll around for three whole nights, also known as the "release of lights".

Although the good omen is self-set, it is still joyful. In the Song Dynasty, Yang Wanli wrote a poem titled "On the night of the New Year's Eve, the common powdered rice was used as silk, and auspicious words were written in it to account for the year's misfortunes and misfortunes, which was called silk divination, and it was called silk divination, so I made a long sentence in a play".

The streams and shrines are a little bit of a piping and drumming, and I don't know if there are still tourists. I'm not sure if I'm going to be able to do that.

Both said it is Ri common, can be known as Yang Wanli hometown of Jiangxi Jizhou local customs; that is, the southern sericulture area of the custom. Eight, Ming walk on the head of the city on the hundred diseases sisters Lantern Festival tour, Jingo can not help but board the head of the city.

Out of the boudoir to get rid of a hundred diseases, winning to Yueyang ten thousand feet building. The six pairs of mountain man "jin cheng Zhu Zhi Zi": "in order to travel around the hundred diseases, constraint hairpin skirt always take the prison.

There are phoenix shoes that are extremely thin, and they do not help the women on the wall. It describes the women of Chengdu at that time who traveled all over the city wall on the night of the Lantern Festival as a joyful thing. Nine, Tang Sending the Poor Every year, the poor god is sent to the poor god on the obscure day, and the willow carts and straw boats are carried to the door.

The god of poverty is sent out in a willow cart and a straw boat on the obscure day of every year. The custom of sending the poor to the god of poverty has existed since the Han Dynasty.

Yang Xiong of the Western Han Dynasty had the "Poverty Fugue". According to the Jinguyuan Records, 'Gao Yang's son is thin about, good clothes, clothes and food.

People make new clothes with the, that is, cracked to fire wear. He was called a poor man in the palace.

The first month of the obscure day lane death.

3. Knowledge of the literary writing writing

Beauty makes people feel a kind of emotion, thought, wisdom, pleasure, satisfaction and sublimation, so that the mind becomes more beautiful and open, so as to regulate their own speech and behavior and morality, etc. . As in 2003, Jiangxi Province, there is such a short answer question in the language examination paper: read "Song History - Wen Tianxiang biography" selections, and combined with the text you have learned, talk about Wen Tianxiang is still admired by the people of the reasons. This question allows students to combine the two texts they have learned, "Passing through Zero Dingyang" and "talk about the backbone", from the point of view of sacrificing their lives for righteousness to talk about Wen Tianxiang personally led the army to fight against the Yuan dynasty, and resolutely refused to surrender to the Yuan dynasty after the failure of the capture of the iron bone; can also talk about his "the rise and fall of the country, the responsibility of the man", to the world for himself, without regard to his personal safety and security, and promised his country to the Yuan dynasty, and then fought to the end. Yuan Dynasty, after the fight, and ultimately to die for the country, heavier than Mount Taishan, "to take the heart of the sweat of the green", so as to win the admiration of the Chinese children and grandchildren. Students can be shocked from the beauty of this tragic, experience a strong emotional integrity of the infection and inculcation, the soul has been purified and sublimated, to learn the essence of the excellent traditional culture of the Chinese people, and passed on from generation to generation. As the saying goes, not afraid of not recognizing goods, afraid of comparing goods; there are comparisons before there is discernment. Comparison and discursive reading has recently become quite popular, it is on the middle school students' ideological understanding, comprehensive ability to cultivate a vital impact. Such as in 2002, Huanggang City, Hubei Province, the language paper required students to read Zhou Dunyi's "Irene", and analyze: ("Irene") short article praising the lotus "out of the mud and not stained" noble qualities, in fact, is the author of the ideological sentiments of the lyrics, but in reality, some people think that "near the vermilion is red, near the ink is black," and in reality, some people think that "near the vermilion is red, near the ink is black. But in reality, some people think that "near the vermilion is red, near the ink is black". How do you think about these two views? Please briefly explain the reasons. I personally think: "out of the mud without staining" and "close to the vermilion is red, close to the ink is black," the essence of this opposing view boils down to the relationship between man and the environment. In the relationship between man and the environment: man is the main, play a decisive leading role; the environment is secondary, under certain conditions also play a corresponding role. People live in a good environment, will grow (in general) to perform better; people live in a poor environment, there will be two possibilities: one is "out of the mud and not stained", that is, to transform the environment, in a poor environment to grow and refine the more tough, the other is "close to the red, near the ink is black", close to the red, near the black, near the ink, near the black, near the black, near the black. The other is "the one who is close to the vermilion is red, the one who is close to the ink is black", i.e. to be influenced by the environment to change. This shows that people play a decisive role in the leading role, therefore, a person's comprehensive quality of ability is particularly important. We have to have a good overall quality of science and culture must learn many aspects of knowledge, so as to become a useful person with the times. Practice has proved: the essence of competition, in the final analysis is the competition for talent. And the comprehensive quality of outstanding people to develop education, the majority of teachers and students can not see a glimpse and see the whole picture? Attention to the ability to test the tendency of the brief questions in the reading of the Chinese language, in the usual teaching to guide the cultivation of students healthy emotions and many abilities, it is urgent to wait. Everything educators do must be for the majority of young students to grow into a modern human resources, their education and influence will be lifelong. Only in this way, education can really have a new impetus for development, can fundamentally ensure the sustainability of development.